...Deception by the Investigating Officer in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes Anita L. Levy AJS/532 Ethics in Justice and Security June 8, 2015 Professor Melba Pearson Deception by the Investigating Officer in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes Deception involves “acting in such a way which leads another person to believe something that you, yourself, do not believe to be true” (Alonso-Quecuty, 1992). Deception can occur in any or all of the three stages of the detecting process which include, investigation, interrogation and court testimony. Each stage is subject to increasingly tough normative constraints (Skolnick, 1999). In the investigation phase of a case police are permitted by the courts to engage in deception and they are trained to do just that. The method that they use may include wiretaps, informants, undercover agents, and the possession and sale of illegal materials or substances (Skolnick, 1999). The line between what is acceptable and what is not is that of entrapment. The deception may be employed up to the point that an “agent of the government initiates a court of action that induces an otherwise innocent person to commit a crime in order that the government may then prosecute” (Skolnick, 1999). It is being recognized that these deceptive practices will be used against those who are reasonably suspected of engaging in criminal behavior or otherwise acting in an unjust manner, to include people...
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...The Deception by the Investigating Officer paper 544 3/21/2016 Melba V. Pearson The Deception by the Investigating Officer paper In life, there three parts of a story, in the criminal justice field there is law enforcement's part of the story. Then there is the person in questions part of the story, and then there is the part, which holds the truth in the story. People are naturally born, to do everything in their power to make sure they can safeguard their existence. Despite, anyone found culpable with committing a criminal act or also not found guilty, of doing criminal acts likelihood of them meeting consequences for their conduct will likely be all the time. People will refute actions as such, to avoid consequences from being done to them. Police officers employees walk on eggshells with considering the use, with deception to discover the truth in the matter. This paper will discuss, Is it moral to lie to acquire the truth and do the ends justify the means of it, there a contention between the codes of ethics how police officer indeed led, the parts do physical conduct and nonverbal communication play in identifying deception also the conclusion. Is it moral to lie to acquire the truth and do the ends justify the means of it The ethical also moral behavior is personalities, which people contain even if many people cannot contain the similar level of the moral ground. Each person does have the free will to pick what he or she want to also the...
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...The Deception by the Investigating Officer paper 544 3/21/2016 Melba V. Pearson The Deception by the Investigating Officer paper In life, there three parts of a story, in the criminal justice field there is law enforcement's part of the story. Then there is the person in questions part of the story, and then there is the part, which holds the truth in the story. People are naturally born, to do everything in their power to make sure they can safeguard their existence. Despite, anyone found culpable with committing a criminal act or also not found guilty, of doing criminal acts likelihood of them meeting consequences for their conduct will likely be all the time. People will refute actions as such, to avoid consequences from being done to them. Police officers employees walk on eggshells with considering the use, with deception to discover the truth in the matter. This paper will discuss, Is it moral to lie to acquire the truth and do the ends justify the means of it, there a contention between the codes of ethics how police officer indeed led, the parts do physical conduct and nonverbal communication play in identifying deception also the conclusion. Is it moral to lie to acquire the truth and do the ends justify the means of it The ethical also moral behavior is personalities, which people contain even if many people cannot contain the similar level of the moral ground. Each person does have the free will to pick what he or she want to also the...
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...gangs, outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMGs) and extremist groups on both the political left and right including the Ku Klux Klan, neo-Nazis, skinheads, and militant separatist groups. Undercover assignments include short-term drug "buy and bust" stings that last for no more than a few hours to deep cover, long-term investigations that keep UCEs in the field for months or years. (Fitzgerald, P. n.d.) There are massive amounts of stress to overcome during undercover work. As the UCE forms relationships with those he or she is investigating, feelings of ambivalence and guilt may ensue. UCEs may find themselves witnessing offenses committed by members of criminal organizations, a scenario that can trigger a serious moral dilemma. Should they attempt to intervene and stop the crime, or remain passive and protect their undercover identity? Another sensitive moral issue is that of UCEs having sexual relations (to gain information) with individuals they are investigating. Should there be limits as to what UCEs can and cannot do, to and with both criminals and noncriminal in the course of their work? Psychologist Gary Farkus discovered a relationship between psychological symptoms and undercover work, including anxiety, loneliness, isolation, relationship problems and extreme suspiciousness. (Fitzgerald, P. n.d.) I have...
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...Truro Police Department CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION Policy Number: OPS-6.02 REFERENCE: TPDM Policy OPS-6.02.1 Effective Date: June 1, 2000 Revised Date: October 20, 2004 Accreditation Standards: Mass. Gen. Law: Chap. 90, Sec.22B, MRCP 14(a)(1)(A)(viii) Other: Comm. v. DiGiambattista, District Attorney’s Guidelines on Identification Procedures _________________________ POLICY: It shall be the policy of the Truro Police Department to conduct criminal investigations for the purpose of clearing crimes by arrest and/or complaint; to prosecute lawbreakers; and to recover stolen property. Whenever members of this department conduct an investigation, which requires the interrogation of a suspect, or an interview, connected therewith, all constitutional and statutory rights guaranteed under the law shall be afforded to the individual. The Truro Police Department will ensure that there is a screening of all reported offenses to assure adequate follow-up investigation whenever appropriate. Whenever possible, the District Attorney’s Guidelines on Identification Procedures with attached forms and checklists will be used when dealing with photo line ups, arrays, show ups and taped interrogations and identifications. (Revised October 20, 2004) PROCEDURES: 1. UNIFORM PATROLMEN CONDUCT PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS: Most preliminary investigations will be conducted by members of the patrol force since they are usually the first to arrive at the scene and can start the investigation without delay. Patrolmen...
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...but to some extent, can only measure anxiety, taken to mean as a lie. This machine, the polygraph, also known as the “lie detector”, only can hint whether a subject is lying. Critics say that the polygraph is flawed because of false positives (an honest answer is mistaken for a lie) and false negatives (a lie is overlooked as a truth). Furthermore, the polygraph is not permitted to use as evidence in the legal system; the National Research Council even called the device “blunt”. There must be a better way to achieve successful end results in looking at others’ thought processes. Ross names famous philosophers and scientists investigating the same problem. Greek philosopher Diogenes went about his life carrying a lamp to look for an honest man in what he thought was a corrupt society. Ross argues that instead of looking for clues of deception on the outside of one’s body (like sweating or breathing irregularly, as found in the polygraph), it is better to look inside one’s brain. There you can not only tell a truth from a lie, but look at how one solves a simple math problem step by step. A scientist who investigates this further is J. Peter Rosenfeld who observed an interesting feature in the EEG (electroencephalograph; chart of brain’s electrical signals) in which lying also elicited the P300 wave (component provoked in the process of decision making). Another scientist, Daedalus, observed that a...
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...distress over an evolving problem with a game played among market participants to manipulate their financial reporting numbers motivated by Wall Street earnings expectations. Chairman Levitt is very passionate and direct in his 1998 speech. It appears that he was invited to honor Bill Allen, the first Director of the NYC Center for Law and Business and he took the opportunity to use this occasion as a platform to voice his concern over the growing problem of market manipulation made by public companies. Mr. Levitt feared that this practice could destroy the quality of earnings and financial reporting. Levitt, the SEC and other aligned corporations were all concerned with the growing practices of financial manipulation fearing that deception appeared to be losing out to integrity. Mark 8:36 says, “What good is it for someone to gain the whole world, yet forfeit their soul?” Corporations who conduct such deceitfulness are winning at the cost of their existence. They are willing to bet their whole life for a few moments of glory on Wall Street. In my opinion, it was very courageous for Mr. Levitt to call out these corporations and put them on notice that their questionable practices were not to be tolerated and for the sake of the American financial system, these accounting practices needed to stop immediately to prevent the eroding foundation originally created for stability and structure of the American financial system. Most importantly, Mr. Levitt also used the NYU forum...
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...NARCO-ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For The Degree of Master of Laws of the Mahatma Gandhi University. By NIJIL.D PREFACE . In India scientific methods have emerged as a tool for interrogation and extraction of information from uncooperative suspects and witnesses. But the legality of these methods is in peril, mostly because of the procedure involved and the nature of information obtained through these method. Most of these modern techniques are non invasive methods, which can detect deception without causing physical or mental injury to the subject. Narco-analysis is one of the important techniques among them. It makes use of scientific methods by which the medicine “truth serum” is injected to the convicts so as to prove the crime. But they often raise doubts regarding basic human rights and also about their legal validity. Also when some up holds it’s validity in the light of medical and legal principals and others rejects it on the ground of health hazards and a blatant violation of constitutional provisions. Thus the main issue regarding narco-analysis is its ultimate admissibility in court as forensic evidence and its useful in investigation scientific technique. Recently the supreme court of India in the case of Smt. Selvi and others v. state of Karnataka, has held that involuntary subjecting an accused, a suspect or a witness to narco-analysis...
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...Police Ethics Name Professor Institution Course Date The impact of terrorism on the police mission in the United States? The roles of police in United States according to Schmalleger (2007) include; law enforcement, apprehending law offenders and investigating crimes, crime prevention, and domestic peace as well as providing the society with the required enforcement services, and ensuring that there exists tranquility. Over a long period, the police roles remained as stated until the effects of September 11, 2001 Islamic terrorist attack when the police assumed the responsibilities of antiterrorism and incidents related to terrorism activities. Currently, police are dedicating much of resources and time in training as preparation in case of future potential terrorist attack. Intelligence and information gathering have become very essential activities by police to ensure continued prevention of terrorism attack. In addition, police have prioritized their response to incidences of terrorism and were considering the responses as of more precedence compared to other roles or duties (Crank J. P., 2010). Disagreements in existence towards law enforcement to combat terrorism Since the September 11 terrorist attack, disagreements have emerged on how to deal with the threat of terrorism attack (Delattre, 2006). The first of all the disagreement was on how much intelligence federal...
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...Date: 06/17/2016 Essay #2: Is Gender Bias Noticeable in Literature? In this essay I would be investigating if there are any gender biases in the short stories and the movie Gone Girl. By definition gender bias is, “Inclination towards or prejudice against one gender” (Collins). Although gender bias is mostly thought of being against women there has been a subtler bias against men most recently in movies. Therefore, in this essay I would be considering gender biases of both men and women. In the short story “The Short Happy life of Francis Macomber” the author Ernest Hemmingway treats both genders equally. Both Wilson and Mrs. Macomber are portrayed as opportunists. He has no compunction in accepting the silly advances of Macomber’s wife. She marries Macomber for his money and social position. They both have a cruel streak. He (illegally) beats his helpers, knowing that they would rather take the beating than lose money (fines). She is cruel to her husband, openly despising his weaknesses, and deliberately flaunting her infidelities. In contrast, “I Want a Wife” the author Judy Brady has gender bias. The woman portrayed in the composition is resentful of the quality of life experienced by women in general, who, as wives, have to cater to their husband’s every need and whim. Husbands are portrayed as lazy, selfish and inconsiderate, not even pulling their weight as fathers of their children. Moreover, in the short story “Shiloh” the author Bobby Ann Mason has gender bias...
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...***** Cruise Mrs. ******* ENG4U June 3, 2015 The Sadistic Nature of Stalin’s Regime Joseph Stalin once proposed that, “Death solves all problems - no man, no problem” (BrainyQuote). This truly reveals the sadistic nature of the Soviet Union during Stalin’s regime. Joseph Stalin is the epitome of a leader of corruption, and essentially imploded the Soviet Union through his many gruesome and appalling ideologies and premises. Child 44, by Tom Rob Smith, illustrates the horrid nature of Stalin’s Communist Russia through horrific conditions, deceptive lies, and vicious torture. Obviously, the terrible living conditions within Russia at the time of Stalin’s Regime strongly depict the horrific nature of his essentially man-made communist country. It is only fitting that Stalin’s regime takes place in Russia, home to some of the most brutally cold weather on the planet. Travel was nearly impossible, “The roads out of Moscow were covered with icy mulch…wind and snow gusted around them… with visibility less than ten metres” (48). This illustrates the grisly conditions in which Russian citizens must sustain life with no help whatsoever from a Stalin run government, where they live in a ‘burn your floor boards for warmth or freeze to death’ type of society. In addition to awful weather, food was a very scarce entity. Thousands and thousands of people starved to death in this communist Soviet Union. Leo Demidov, as a child, living with his frail mother and little brother...
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...Enron’s CEO, Ken Lay, retired in February giving the position to Jeff Skilling who then retired shortly after in the summer. Around the same time, Enron’s stock began to drop. “The stock descended to a 52-week low of $39.95. By Oct. 16, the company reported its first quarterly loss” (Segal, 2018). Enron would eventually catch the attention of the SEC after closing down one of its SPVs. Eventually, the SEC would announce that it would be “investigating Enron and the SPVs created by Fastow” (Segal, 2018). On Dec 2, 2001, Enron filed for Bankruptcy. The company has been liquidating its operations and assets of the “pre-bankruptcy” Enron to pay back...
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...Firstname Lastname Instructor’s Name Course Number 20 July 2015 Adelphia Communications Adelphia is the 6th biggest cable television provider in the United States and, with various subsidiaries, gives services of cable television and local telephone service to customers in 32 states and Puerto Rico. Adelphia means "brothers" in Greek. It used to be one of America's largest cable companies. John Rigas established the company and served as CEO and chairman. John's son Tim was CFO, and Tim's brothers, Michael, and James were Vice Presidents. All four were council members, along with John's son-in-law Peter Venetis. The Rigases also had 100% possession of class B super-voting shares, which granted the family majority voting rights. That's how they maintained and controlled the board even after the company went unrestricted. Voting configuration was dysfunctional. That alone triggered big red flags for institutional investors. But nobody paid attention to red flags. (Tobak) The complete lack of independent oversight gave the family carte blanche to cheat the company blind. They used company funds to buy back Adelphia stock and reserve other family enterprises, including a golf course, vacation homes, apartments on the upper east side of Manhattan, corporate jets, a fleet of cars, production of a film by John's daughter, and even ownership of the Buffalo Sabres hockey team. On an earnings conference call, Merrill Lynch analyst Oren Cohen wanted to know how the family could...
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...NOTE: Facilitator noted that more indepth info would have been beneficial to this paper, so please only use this as a reference. Table of Contents 1. Assignment cover sheet p. 0 2. Title page: HealthSouth and the Scrushy Way p. 1 3. Table of Contents p. 2 4. Introduction p. 3 5. Government Subsidies p. 3 6. Signs of Corruption p. 4 7. Ethical issues of HealthSouth p. 5 8. Management of HealthSouth p. 5 9. Intimidation and Cooperation p. 6 10. Culture of Corruption p. 7 11. Lavish Lifestyle and Philanthropy p. 8 12. Impact on Stakeholders p. 9 13. Charges p. 10 14. Outcome and Fairness of Punishment p. 10 15. Conclusion p. 12 16. References p. 13 HealthSouth and the Scrushy Way Richard Scrushy overcame challenging teenage years, dropping out of high school and later obtaining his GED to become one of the most successful executives in the United States. Scrushy did so by subsequently getting his respiratory therapist certification and opening his own rehabilitation center, an all-in-one medical facility that led many to copy his idea. Scrushy founded HealthSouth in 1996 using $1 million in seed capital and turned it into a hugely successful medical services empire worth over $4 billion at its prime (Haddad, Weintraub, & Grow, 2003). HealthSouth had become...
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...on a small number of enquiry such as What the underlying principle is for consenting to warrantless investigation, and if these rationale are influential, and whether or not all investigation necessitate that likely reason are present or if there are discharged or not. Investigative permit procedure and the Fourth Amendment requests Searching warrant is not only disturbing they have to also be precise and they are not all equivalent. If a person uses a search warrant for instance to get hold of a company’s financial records or even a senior manager who is assumed of deception this course of action is not uncomplicated, nevertheless if a person uses a search warrant to situate an confiscated part of proof such as a bullet, or illegal pills then it is reasonably uncomplicated to do. Moreover, The Fourth Amendment has to be well thought-out and taken critically when acquiring a search warrant and the officer has to be extremely cautious to show consideration for the rights of other individuals to be protected in their homes, people, possessions, and permit adjacent to irrational search and seizure, shall not be dishonoured. “One purpose of the Fourth Amendment is to prevent, and to protect people from, unreasonable searches and seizures. To administer seizure and voluntariness tests in a thorough manner...
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