...a concept, as is “barking,” and so is “obedience.” Concepts are the symbols by which we ordinarily communicate. Clear, unambiguous communication of ideas requires that we clearly defi ne our concepts. In everyday conversation we often get by without worrying too much about how we defi ne a concept. Many words, for instance, are commonly used and apparently understood even though neither party in the conversation knows exactly what the words mean. That is, people frequently communicate with one another without being fully aware of what they are talking about! This may sound ridiculous but, to illustrate our point, try the following. Ask a few people whether they believe that intelligence is mostly inherited or mostly learned. You might try arguing a point of view opposite to theirs just for the fun of it. After discussing the roots of intelligence, ask them what they mean by “intelligence.” You will probably fi nd that most people have a diffi cult time defi ning this concept, even after debating its origins, and people will provide different defi nitions. That is, “intelligence” means one thing to one person and something else to another. Clearly, in order to attempt to answer the question of whether intelligence is mostly inherited or mostly learned, we need to have an exact defi nition that all parties involved can accept. The study of “concepts” is so important in psychological science that researchers refer to concepts by a special name: constructs. A construct...
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...10 things you should know about managing IT projects. IT projects can be daunting, especially to the novice. It’s relatively easy to propose a solution, but much more diffi cult to implement the desired performance levels on time for the right price. This list will help IT pros bring organization, professionalism, and goal-oriented progress to the projects they manage. 1. Get professional IT projects historically have a negative reputation for being over budget, late, and poorly implemented. Having a professional individual in charge of the project can add great organization and credibility to your efforts. If your project is of a size where a project manager role can be used, go for it. Working with a Project Management Institute (PMP)-certifi ed individual (www.pmi.org/) will greatly enhance the effectiveness of your software projects. The PMP is also a good benchmark across all project management disciplines and is a big credibility booster when a project integrates with non-IT individuals, external customers, business partners, or part of a larger project. 2. Identify the leadership roles Having individuals responsible for specifics metrics of the project is important. This should be done in a way that puts capable individuals in roles that are best suited for their talents but that doesn’t overwhelm individual team members. IT projects often put too much emphasis on the technical contributions of a small number of individuals—or even just one person—and ...
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...works on the topic of interest. Skill in searching bibliographic databases is essential for the business researcher. For the novice or less skilled, we provide two appendices at the end of this chapter. The fi rst, “Bibliographic Database Searches,” reviews the process of searching. The second, “Advanced Searches,” reveals the more advanced techniques of skilled searchers. Dictionaries Dictionaries are so ubiquitous that they probably need no explanation. We all use them to verify spelling or grammar usage or to defi ne terms. In business, as in every fi eld, there are many specialized dictionaries that defi ne words, terms, or jargon unique to a discipline. Most of these specialized dictionaries include in their word lists information on people, events, or organizations that shape the discipline. They are also an excellent place to fi nd acronyms. A growing number of dictionaries and glossaries (terms in a specialized fi eld, area, or topic plus their defi nitions) are now available on the Web. Information from dictionaries and glossaries may be used to identify key terms for a search of an online or printed database. Encyclopedias Researchers use an encyclopedia to fi nd background or historical information on a topic or to fi nd names or terms that can enhance search results in other sources. For example, you might use an encyclopedia to fi nd the date that Microsoft...
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...cuando se manejan problemas más grandes? La respuesta se dará en esta sección. Para comenzar se introducirá parte de la terminología básica de cualquier problema de programación lineal con n variables de decisión. Mientras se desarrolla esta tarea puede ser útil que el lector consulte la fi gura 5.1 (que es una repetición de la fi gura 4.1) para interpretar estas defi niciones en dos dimensiones (n 5 2). Terminología Puede entenderse de manera intuitiva que las soluciones óptimas de cualquier problema de programación lineal deben estar sobre la frontera de la región factible y, de hecho, ésta es una propiedad general. Como la frontera es un concepto geométrico, las defi niciones iniciales aclaran cómo se puede identifi car en forma algebraica la frontera de la región factible. La ecuación de la frontera de restricción de cualquier restricción se obtiene al sustituir su signo #, 5 o $ por un signo 5. En consecuencia, la forma de la ecuación de una frontera de restricción es ai1x1 1 ai2x2 1 ? ? ? 1 ainxn 5 bi para las restricciones funcionales y xj 5 0 en el caso de las de no negatividad. Estas ecuaciones defi nen una fi gura geométrica “plana” (llamada hiperplano) en un espacio n dimensional, análoga a la recta en el espacio bidimensional y al plano en el espacio tridimensional. Este hiperplano forma la frontera de...
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...Governance, Commitments, and Engagement GOVERNANCE 4.1 Governance structure of the organization, including committees under the highest governance body responsible for specifi c tasks, such as setting strategy or organizational oversight. Describe the mandate and composition (including number of independent members and/or non executive members) of the highest governance body and its committees, and indicate each individual’s position and any direct responsibility for economic, social, and environmental performance. Report the percentage of individuals by gender within the organization’s highest governance body and its committees, broken down by age group and minority group membership and other indicators of diversity. Refer to defi nitions of age and minority group in the Indicator Protocol for LA13 and note that the information reported under 4.1 can be cross referenced against that reported for LA13. 4.2 Indicate whether the Chair of the highest governance body is also an executive...
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...By presenting, in a caricatured way, scenery where the woman must be a ‘woman’, advertising-a refl ector and agent of society, confi rms as a fact a ‘natural’ behavior that is not at all according to the interests of women’s world itself» (Herne, 1993: 31). Th e conclusion made by Claude Herne in 1993, shows clearly the power of advertising in helping society to defi ne specifi c models of behavior for men and women and submitting the latter to a specifi c and limited role. Th e analysis proposed by Herne does not come out accidentally in the end of the 20th century. With the boom of technology and economic growth in the second half of the century, the western urban woman fi nds herself on the threshold of her fi nal emancipation from the household....
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...Summary of presentations The workshop was opened by Professor Bo Samuelsson, Göteborg University, who referred to the concept of sustainable development as an ever-evolving concept; it could and should not be defi ned in one single way.4 He spoke of education for sustainable development as a learning process and not a product. He also mentioned that the present practices were far from sustainable, and that it might be easier to defi ne what are unsustainable practices rather than sustainable ones. Professor Charles Hopkins, UNESCO Chair in Reorienting Teacher Education towards Sustainability, stated that, to his knowledge, this was the fi rst international workshop on education for sustainable development with specifi c reference to young children. Raising provocative questions such as: ‘What does it mean to be more instead of having more?’, ‘What is enough?’, ‘What is for all’, he pointed to the necessity of changing our perspectives and ways of living if our societies were to become more sustainable. He said that many paths could be taken, and that in order that the right ones were taken, world citizens must be educated, well informed and uphold democratic values. Furthermore, he claimed that while rich countries continued to cause the largest problems related to sustainable development, their perspectives, values and knowledge were listened to more often vis-à-vis those of developing countries. As a promoter of the United Nations Convention on the...
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...≈√ F M A G u i d e l i n e s on Operational Risk Management These guidelines were prepared by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank in cooperation with the Financial Market Authority Published by: Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) Otto-Wagner-Platz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Financial Market Authority (FMA) Praterstraße 23, 1020 Vienna, Austria Produced by: Oesterreichische Nationalbank Editor in chief: Günther Thonabauer, Communications Division (OeNB) Barbara Nösslinger, Staff Department for Executive Board Affairs and Public Relations (FMA) Editorial processings: Chapter I and III: Roman Buchelt, Stefan Unteregger (OeNB) Chapter II and IV: Wolfgang Fend, Radoslaw Zwizlo, Johannes Lutz (FMA) Design: Peter Buchegger, Communications Division (OeNB) Typesetting, printing and production: OeNB Printing Office Published and printed at: Otto-Wagner-Platz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Inquiries: Oesterreichische Nationalbank Communications Division Otto-Wagner-Platz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Postal address: Post Office Box 61, 1011Vienna, Austria Phone (+43-1) 40420-6666 Telefax (+43-1) 40420-6696 Austrian Financial Market Authority (FMA) Executive Board Affairs & Public Relations Division Praterstraße 23, 1020 Vienna, Austria Phone (+43-1) 24959-5100 Orders: Oesterreichische Nationalbank Documentation Management and Communications Services Otto-Wagner-Platz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Postal address: Post Office Box 61, 1011Vienna, Austria Phone...
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...Fiche technique de la préparation d’une séance d’EPS. |module |Groupe d’APS |APS support |Niveau scolaire |séance N° |matériel | |Objectif terminal d’intégration |L’élève du tronc commun doit pouvoir maîtriser les composantes du comportement moteur et pouvoir s’adapter aux différentes situations et faire face à ces défis et accepter | | |l’intégration dans le groupe. | |Objectif terminal du cycle | | |Compétence(s) vissée(s) | | Objectif de la séance : dans une situation de référence de 7*7 pouvoir identifier les pré- requis des élèves dans la pratique du Hand- Ball sur le plan collectif et individuel. (Test diagnostique) |Moyens ...
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...tigation. uctivity is me asured and ho supply chain pr w it relates to ocesses. operations and Chapter Outlin e 25 Mi ssi on St at em en ts wi th As pir at ion s be yo nd Ma 26 A Su sta ina kin g a Pr of it ble Op er at ion s an d Su pp ly Ch ain St rat eg y 28 W ha t Is Op er at ion s an d Su pp ly Ch ain Competitive Dim St rat eg y? ensions The Notion of Trade-Offs Order Winners and Order Qualifi ers: The Marketing–O perations Link Operations and Sustainability defi ned Triple bottom line defined supply chain str ategy defined Operations eff ectiveness defi ned Straddling defi ned Order winner defi ned Order qualifier defined e Ris k As so cia system maps defi ned te d wi th Op er at ion s an d Framework Su pp ly Ch ain St rat eg ies 37 Pr od uc tiv ity Supply chain risk Me as ur em en defined t Risk Managem ent 33 St rat eg ies Ar e Im ple me nt ed Us ing Op IK EA ’s St rat eg er at ion s an d y Su pp ly Ch ain Ac tiv iti es — 35 As se ssi ng th Activity- 39 Su mm ary 43 Ca se : Th e Ta o of Tim bu k2 Productivity defi ned WALKTHROUGH xvii Opening Vignettes Each chapter opens with a short vignette to set the stage and help pique students’ interest in the...
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... Directeur de mémoire pressenti : diplôme préparé intitulé : titre envisagé : terrain et lieux de stages : Le questionnement : Le point de départ de mon questionnement: Mes centres d’intérêt : mes préoccupations : Le thème : définition précise du champ et de l’objet de la recherche : Le champ ou domaine : l’objet de recherche : -en quoi ces questions concernent-elles l'école, la vie scolaire, ou la formation ou les thématiques liées au Master ? Pourquoi cet objet ? : …… en quoi cette question me concerne : -son intérêt social, professionnel, éducatif, pédagogique, diactique : -ses enjeux : -les difficultés et les obstacles qui se présentent : Les défis pour les surmonter : Mes sources : Le terrain : Les référents théoriques : 1 Mes questions sur le thème ou l'objet choisi La problématique 1) Je me pose cette question centrale pour ma recherche : 2) quels sont les grands enjeux (personnels, institutionnels, sociaux, sociétaux) liés à cette question 3) J’énonce les difficultés et les obstacles, ou les...
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...1.2.1 Common law The term common law gives rise to diffi culty as it has several meanings, so any meaning depends upon the context in which the term is used: Common law may mean the law created by the common law courts in contrast to the law created by the Court of Chancery, which was called equity. Common law may m • ean all the law created by the courts, including the law of equity, as opposed to the law created by Parliament, that is legislation. In this sense, common law may be also termed ‘judge- made’ law. • Common law may refer to a legal tradition which defi nes the English legal system and other derivative legal systems as opposed to the civilian legal tradition exemplifi ed by the systems of mainland Europe. Apart from England and Wales other examples of a common law tradition are to be found in the legal systems of the states of the United States (with the exception of Louisiana), Canada, and Australia. Common law in this sense refers to forms of law- making, particularly judge- made law, which is governed by the doctrine of judicial precedent. The characteristic feature of the civilian systems is that law is to be found in codes made by the legislature. The civilian tradition is seen in the legal systems of France and Germany. While the French law of contract is codifi ed and to be found in legislative form, the English law of contract is to be found mainly in the decisions of judges as reported in 7 Common law and equity the law reports. As will...
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...Lesikar−Flatley−Rentz: Business Communication: Making Connections in a Digital World, 11th Edition I. Introduction 1. Communication in the Workplace © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008 c h a p t e r o n e Communication in the Workplace LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completing this chapter, you will understand the role and nature of communication in business. To achieve this goal, you should be able to 1 Explain the importance of communication to you and to business. 2 Describe the three main forms of communication in the business organization. 3 Describe the formal and informal communication networks in the business organization. 4 Describe factors that affect the types and amount of communicating that a business does. 5 Describe the various contexts for each act of business communication. 6 Describe the communication process. 7 Explain why business communication is a form of problem solving. 8 Explain three basic truths about communication. 9 Understand the importance of adaptation to successful communication. 10 Describe the goal and plan of this book. Lesikar−Flatley−Rentz: Business Communication: Making Connections in a Digital World, 11th Edition I. Introduction 1. Communication in the Workplace © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2008 CHAPTER 1 Communication in the Workplace 3 THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS Your work in business will involve communication—a lot of it—because communication is a major and essential part of the work of business...
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...L’Espagne et la Catalogne : L’impossible divorce… Depuis plusieurs années, l’Espagne connait une forte opposition entre le chef du gouvernement espagnol, Mariano Rajoy, et le président de la Catalogne, Artur Mas. Au lendemain du référendum écossais, les députés nationalistes catalans tentaient d’encourager le chef conservateur à suivre les pas de M. Cameron, en autorisant le référendum en Catalogne prévue pour le 9 novembre. D’après eux, des sondages récents démontreraient que la majorité des Catalans réclame le droit de se prononcer sur leur avenir. Artur Mas souhaitait organiser un référendum sur l’autodétermination de la région, car « la Catalogne veut s'exprimer, elle veut être écoutée, elle veut voter ». Contrairement au gouvernement britannique qui a autorisé le référendum écossais, la question d’indépendance de la Catalogne est beaucoup plus délicate puisqu’elle va à l’encontre de la Constitution espagnole. De plus, cette région représente l’un des principaux moteurs économiques de l’Espagne. En effet, le déséquilibre entre ce que la Catalogne verse à Madrid et ce qui lui revient est l’une des causes principales qui motivent la volonté d’indépendance des Catalans. La crise économique de 2008 a elle aussi fortement encouragé le sentiment de sécession, puisque les 7,5 millions de Catalans produisent environ 20 % de la richesse espagnole. Plus tard en 2010, cette région a vu son statut d’autonomie modifié par le Tribunal constitutionnel, qui lui a enlevé la reconnaissance...
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...This material is protected by U.S. copyright law. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited. To purchase quantity reprints, please e-mail reprints@ons.org or to request permission to reproduce multiple copies, please e-mail pubpermissions@ons.org. FEATURE ARTICLE Building Comfort With Ambiguity in Nursing Practice Kalli Stilos, RN, MScN, CHCPN(C), Shari L. Moura, RN, MN, CONC(C), CHCPN(C), and Frances Flint, RN, MN Current nursing literature recognizes the need to honor the concept of ambiguity. Nurses experience uncertainty with handling or honoring complexity and ambiguity when confronted with times of struggle. Traditional models of care fall short as patients and families define their expectations of the healthcare system. Nurses bear witness to the discomfort caused by the unknown in their daily practice. They are challenged to address their feelings, unsure of what to anticipate, what to say, or how to respond to their patients. Uncertainty diminishes the opportunity for meaningful dialogue between nurses and other people. Nurses attempting to ease the discomfort of ambiguity by providing patients or families with reassurance, offering advice on how to fix problems, or avoiding talking about situations often express dissatisfaction. Nurses should be invited to explore ambiguity and seek understanding through dialogue and nursing knowledge. Encouraging nurses to define the meaningfulness in nursing practice that embraces human science theory will help relieve some of...
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