...words:- 2636 “Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a clients presenting issue?” I will begin this essay by first describing Freud’s psychosexual theory of the five stages of psychosexual development. I will then look at some of the main criticisms of this controversial theory and how this theory and his ideas have resulted in a serious interest and progression in psychology and the psychological treatment of mental disorders that has stretched through even to the present day. I will follow this by looking at how I believe these theories have helped and effected how we understand a clients presenting issues. The five stages of psychosexual development as Freud describes them are as follows:- The oral stage (0-1 year old), the anal stage (1-3 years old), the phallic stage (3-5 or 6 years old), the latency stage (5 or 6 - puberty) and the genital stage (puberty- adult). Before explaining the five stages in detail, I feel it is important to refer to Freud’s theory of personality development and how these five stages effect that progress. It is also worth mentioning that having read many articles on the subject, there is a common belief that people may misinterpret Freud’s use of the word “sexual” and that he was actually using the term in a more general way to relate to all pleasurable actions and thoughts. In relation to Freud’s theory on personality development, he believed the personality consisted of three interworking...
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...school is when I had my first real relationship and that continued into my first year of college, but it was no big thing. I really didn’t have too many issues in high school, I’m not saying that I was perfect, but I was very quiet and I only had one really good friend in high school. The only big issue that I had was I had a tough time having a good work ethic. I started working when I was 16 and let me just say I had terrible work ethics. My parents had to help me come to like to work and appreciate what I was working for. By the time I got into college, this wasn’t a problem anymore. 2. Reflect on your own personality, interests and cognitive abilities at the time you graduated high school. How did these personality characteristics and abilities manifest themselves in subsequent years? How have they changed since your high school days, if at all? Oh my gosh, yes. I think I’m a totally different person than I was in high school. I had to get out of my little bubble. I had to take a speech class, which in high school was my absolute worst fear was having to talk in front of class. I talk to people, I use to never talk to people; I was extremely shy, but I work in a church office so my job...
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...How can I stop him kicking and biting? Expert Answer Penney Hames Penney Hames is a clinical child psychologist and journalist. Many two and three year olds go through an aggressive phase. But with love and firmness you can show them how to behave. Toddlers hit and bite, kick and punch because it is a sure fire way to get your attention, something your children crave. You need to show them that it doesn't work. As soon as he hits out (don't wait) tell him that because he has hit or bitten he must now sit in 'time out' for two minutes (use a minute for each year of his life). Say this as calmly as you can and then don't say anything else. Next, lead him firmly but kindly to a designated chair (preferably one from which his feet can neither touch the floor nor kick the walls) and leave him to sit. Do not send him to his room or to the bottom step. You need to keep an eye on him, and he needs as few distractions as possible. A chair in the kitchen is great. If he gets up, take him back immediately. Tell him that the time out will only begin when he is sitting. Put your hand on his leg to encourage him to stay. Do not let him off if he says he's sorry, he needs to sit still first. Don't talk to him during his time out or allow any one else to either. Use the two minutes to calm yourself down. When the time is up, ask him to apologise and then forgive and forget. Eventually your toddler will get the message. Your toddler is learning what he can and cannot do...
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...|3-5 years old James,Nelson,Ashwill |6-11 years old James,Nelson,Ashwill | | |18m-3 years old |(2013) |(2013) | | |James,Nelson,Ashwill (2013) | | | |Pattern of Health Perception and Health |Normal Findings: |Normal Findings: |Normal Findings: | |Management: |Management of a toddler’s health is |The preschoolers vocabulary increases |The school age child is able to describe | | |dependent on the parents. |rapidly and they are able to report |health ailments and delineate between | |List two normal assessment findings that | |pain or discomfort. |good and bad health. | |would be characteristic for each age |The toddler may be able to tell you about|Preschoolers are curious about their |...
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...Social Workers support service users from the range of the life span from infant to the elderly. In order to best support service users it is important to be aware of developmental stages and trends in order to fit care and support for the people we work with accurately. Erikson states that if a person does not transition from one developmental stage to another effectively this can cause problems in later stages and create a sense of fixation. Children develop in different stages and in different ways. A method that has been used to explore these developmental milestones is observation. Observations involve watching a child for sometime in order to understand how he or she perceives and interacts with the world. attributes physically, cognitively and socially of two children, one male and one female, ages five and ten, respectively. This writer will identify the socio-economic status (SEC), age, gender, ethnic background, and family demographics of each of these children. The two children this writer has chosen come from similar living situations (i.e. they both live with single mothers), but have vast differences in their physical, cognitive, and social development. This paper will examine Erik Erikson's Eight Psychosocial Stages as explained by Dacey, Fiore, Travers (2009) in an effort to explain the noticeable differences in the two children that this writer has chosen to observe. These two children were chosen because they are both being raised in a single parent household...
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...understanding of heath and it is the caregiver’s responsibility for health management. Toddlers should be able to wash their hands and learning to brush teeth with the guidance of a parent. | This age group can verbalize pain and are very curious about how their body works. Preschoolers may view the inside of their body as “empty” because they can’t see what’s inside. | School aged children are aware of how their body functions and are aware for the need for well checkups. They also have a better understanding of health and illness. | | The child may not have white teeth and the nurse may notice decay. Poor overall health appearance, not well maintained by parents. | They can experience fear of mutilation and death at this age. Immunizations are an important part of overall health and are at risk for infection if not up to date. | They can learn poor health habits from watching caregivers or may have poor hygiene due to no interest in their appearance. | Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | Toddlers are drinking whole milk and decide how much food they want to eat. |...
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...Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority | Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. | Toddlers have little if any understanding of health, but do perform or request to do activities such as brushing their teeth (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Toddlers depend on their parents for health management (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). | Child is extremely curious about the body of a member of the opposite sex (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Child contributes to health management by brushing their teeth, wearing weather appropriate clothing, taking medication, etc. (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). | Child understands an abstract definition of health and sometimes the factors that cause illness (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Child may believe that a misdeed or misbehavior caused their illness (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). | | Toddler does not brush his or her teeth. Toddler does not try many new foods, because parents don’t eat a wide variety of foods in their diet (Edelman & Mandle,...
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...Cirque du Freaks’ Wacky Olympics Task: You are coordinating an all-day outdoor “Wacky Olympics” offsite team-building event for 100 employees of a corporation, including ten track and field events, a catered luncheon under a tent, refreshments, hospitality areas for persons accompanying the attendees, and a means of displaying corporate branding images. (Page 92, # 2) Figure 1Cirque du Freaks portrait. Courtesy of Coney Island Freak Show Introduction The event is a Cirque du Freaks’ themed Wacky Olympics, Luncheon and Freak Show. The purpose of this event is to provide a fun and uninhibited platform to help rekindle team workmanship and communication amongst the co-workers and departments at Team Corporation. The executives at Team Corporation have hired Me & My Artsy Friends Events to put together an unique team building event on May 21, 2011 at 8:00 am until 4:00 pm. One hundred employees from different departments will be participating in competitive wacky sport events dressed as sideshow characters. The Wacky Olympics will be 10 track and field events that will help teams to strategize and work harmoniously to reach the finish line. After the days sport events, teams will be served a three course exotic comfort food luncheon that will reflect the whimsical day. The luncheon will feature exotic Cirque du Freaks side show attractions like fire eaters and contortionists as well as a freaky circus décor. The...
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...is the different stages a person passes through as he or she develops. Perspective of lifespan development understands the changes that occur in development. Freud and Piaget have very different theories of lifespan development. Freud’s theory is a basis of id, ego, and superego, whereas Piaget’s is a cognitive development that occurs over a person’s lifetime. Nature and Nurture are more than perspectives in lifespan development they influence how and who a person will be. Lifespan development is the time from conception to death as a person develops and grows; the perspective in relationship to human development is lifelong, and theories of lifespan development can be seen in Freud, and Piaget, while the influences of a person life is nature and nurture. What is Lifespan Development A person’s lifespan begins as a fetus and as it develops and grows for nine months in the womb becoming a person either male or female will continue through stages in a his or her life. The study of human development is a science seeking to understand how humans change over their lifetime (Berger, 2008). The changes a person goes through as he or she grows can be linear-gradual, predictable, steady, but normally they are none of these. The common stages are birth, infancy, adolescence, adulthood, old age, and the ending death. To define lifespan development is also to mention that humans in their lifetime learn to communicate, to work, love, learn from relationships. All of these developments...
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...REDUCING FALLS IN THE HOSPITAL SETTING Abstract “Falls and fall related injuries are the most commonly reported adverse event among adults admitted to inpatient setting. Up to twenty percentages of patients admitted, reported falling of at least once during an inpatient hospital stay period” (Oliver, Healey, & Haines, 2010). The author works at a city hospital located in Gilbert, Arizona and encounters a great amount of orthopedic patients along with other general surgery patients. All patients that are on that floor are at a risk of falls during the first 48 hours after surgery due to anesthesia that is still in the system and pain medication that is scheduled to help ease the patient during the post-surgical time frame. One of the side effects of anesthesia exiting the body is nausea and vomiting which can make the patient feel dizzy and lightheaded, thus making them a great risk for falls. This has been the reason that the topic was chosen; to attempt to improve this issue in the hospital setting and to provide a system in which all hospital staff collaborate to help increase the quality of patient care. The location that is being observed is the post-surgical/orthopedic floor where the author is currently working. A description of risks and concerns are provided and patient outcomes depend on implementing the proposed interventions. The two solutions that are presented are hourly rounding and the importance of an improved nurse call light button and education on proper...
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...Opening a Quality Child Care Center A resource guide for starting a business and planning a child care center. Table of Contents: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 First Steps: Assessment, Market Analysis, Business Plan and Child Care Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Finding Your Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Design Considerations and Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Program Administration and Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . 17 Appendix A: Timeline for Start-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Appendix B: Agencies and On-line Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Appendix C: Resources for Developing Polices/Procedures . . . . . 22 Appendix D: Classroom Equipment and Materials List . . . . . . . . 23 Appendix E: Care About Childcare Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Appendix F: Structural Rules from Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Appendix G: Accreditation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Appendix H: Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 State of Utah, Department of Workforce Services, Office of Child Care © 2012 Opening a Quality Child Care Center Introduction THE BUSINESS OF CHILD CARE Welcome to the world and work of child care! The purpose of this manual is to provide a prospective child care center...
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...Instructor’s Manual with Test Items to accompany Applied Behavior Analysis Second Edition John O. Cooper ● Timothy E. Heron ● William L. Heward All, The Ohio State University Prepared by Stephanie Peterson, Idaho State University ● Renée K. Van Norman, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● Lloyd Peterson, Idaho State University ● Shannon Crozier, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● Jessica E. Frieder, Idaho State University ● Peter Molino, Idaho State University ● Heath Ivers, Idaho State University ● Shawn Quigley, Idaho State University ● Megan Bryson, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● David Bicard, University of Memphis [pic] Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio ____________________________________________________________ ______________________ Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department. Pearson Prentice Hall™ is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson® is a registered trademark of Pearson plc Prentice Hall® is a registered trademark of Pearson Education...
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...Student Name: | Rae Loulache | Check | Requirement | | This checklist is the first page of my paper. | | The “Title Page”, which is formatted in accordance with APA Guidelines, is the second page of my paper. | | The page following the Title Page is marked page #2 and subsequent pages are numbered sequentially. All page markings appear in the lower, right hand corner of the each page. | | My entire paper (everything) is double spaced. | | I have not included an “introduction” or “opening paragraph” and have instead launched right into the review of the assigned topic. | | Each claim or fact presented in my paper is supported with a reference citation. | | For each quotation, there is a citation of the page number(s) from the original source. | | On average, there are no more than one quotation every two pages. | | I have not cited or mentioned the first and last names of authors in the body of my text. I have included first initials and last names of authors on the “Reference” page, which is the last page of my paper. | | I have not cited or mentioned the title of an article or book in the body of my paper, but have instead included this information on the “Reference” page. | | I have made sure that when citing a reference at the end of a sentence that I have placed the period after the parentheses which contains the reference (example). | | My paper does not include any personal stories from my own life or experience. | ...
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... Erikson's wonderful theory helps to tell us why. The theory is helpful for child development, and adults too. For the 'lite' version, here's a quick diagram and summary. Extra details follow the initial overview. For more information than appears on this page, read Erikson's books; he was an award-winning writer and this review does not convey the richness of Erikson's own explanations. It's also interesting to see how his ideas develop over time, perhaps aided by his own journey through the 'psychosocial crisis' stages model that underpinned his work. Erik Erikson first published his eight stage theory of human development in his 1950 book Childhood and Society. The chapter featuring the model was titled 'The Eight Ages of Man'. He expanded and refined his theory in later books and revisions, notably: Identity and the Life Cycle (1959); Insight and Responsibility (1964); The Life Cycle Completed: A Review (1982, revised 1996 by Joan Erikson); and Vital Involvement in Old Age (1989). Erikson's biography lists more books. Various terms are used to describe Erikson's model, for example Erikson's biopsychosocial or bio-psycho-social theory (bio refers to biological, which in this context means life); Erikson's human development cycle or life cycle, and variations of these. All refer to the same eight stages psychosocial theory, it being Erikson's most distinct work and remarkable model. The word 'psychosocial' is Erikson's term, effectively from the words psychological (mind)...
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...CHILD DEVELOPMENT Principles & Perspectives © 2005 Joan Littlefield Cook Greg Cook 0-205-40028-0 Exam Copy ISBN 0-205-31411-2 Bookstore ISBN Visit www.ablongman.com/replocator to contact your local Allyn & Bacon/Longman representative. s a m p l e c h a p t e r The pages of this Sample Chapter may have slight variations in final published form. Allyn & Bacon 75 Arlington St., Suite 300 Boston, MA 02116 www.ablongman.com Cognitive Development Piagetian and Sociocultural Views CHAPTER PREVIEW Piaget’s Constructivist View of Cognitive Development Vygotsky’s Sociocultural View of Cognitive Development • Piaget as a Child Prodigy • Constructivism and Interaction with the Environment Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development • Vygotsky’s Background: The Sociocultural Context for a New Theory • The Role of Speech and Language • Mediation: With a Little Help from Your Friends • The Zone of Proximal Development • Scaffolding: Support during Learning Recent Sociocultural Views of Cognitive Development • Stage 1: Sensorimotor Thought (Birth to 2 Years) • Stage 2: Preoperational Thought (2 to 7 Years) • Stage 3: Concrete Operational Thought (7 to 11 Years) • Stage 4: Formal Operational Thought (Approximately Age 12 and Above) • Evaluation of Piaget’s Theory • Piaget’s Legacy • Situated Cognition • Guided Participation • Thinking as Socially Shared Cognition: Two Heads Are Better than One “Maria wants to pick the best school for her sons, so she...
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