...Mass Media Control Tambela Vaughn Everest University Brandon Online Abstract The research included within this paper is several online articles, periodicals, and related books to mass-media control and its psychological adaptation in an individual’s mind. I also performed a media and mind control case study. I used my family for the subjects; my older sister who is a Licensed Practical Nurse (L.P.N.) and my mother who is a widow, an evangelist, and retired home nurse, for the control group, and my nephews who are fraternal twins, age thirteen for the experimental group. My observations were to observe both groups for a week during different intervals of media exposure. My nephews, the experimental group, were observed during and after watching television, using the computer, and listening to music. They were then observed when these forms of media were limited. My mother and sister, the control group, were observed during the limited periods of their television usage and listening to non-secular music. I believe there is direct correlation between adults and children who watch and listen to obsessive amounts of television, movies, news, and popular music and aggressive behavior, stress, dispositions, and sleep and eating habits. The case study observations supported this theory. Keywords: mass media, mass-media control, aggressive behavior, perceptions, adverse misconceptions, psychological adaptation, media nationalism, suggestive media, groupthink nationalism...
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...Discuss some the factors which influence our thinking, judgement and decision-making Our everyday lives are filled with many choices and decisions which will impact on our lives both in the short and long-term. Our perception of the impact of these decisions on our own lives and those around us will affect how much time and effort is given to arriving at these decisions. There are several factors which impact on thinking, judgement and decision-making and it is important to note that often these occur simultaneously rather than as individual areas but in order fully understand the entire process we must analyse the factors in each individual area. While it is neither practicable or possible to consider all the factors in every decision, knowledge of the factors, process and how they interact can be of critical importance. By understanding the factors, we can ascertain how we make decisions and by gaining knowledge on the entire process, we can ultimately arrive at better decisions by being conscious of our thought and application process. How we think and apply our thought process to the decisions often determine the paths we choose to take. There are two systems, or modes, which determine how we think (Kahneman, 2011). The first system is fast, automatic, emotional and frequent and the second system is slow, logical, infrequent and conscious. The title of the Kahneman’s book, Thinking, Fast and Slow, gives us an indication of the two systems. The first system, thinking...
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...Properly defined, anticommunism is an ideology that holds that communism is morally and politically wrong. Regardless of whether the communist regime is legitimate or not according to the standards of Western democracy, the anti-communist believes that government is fundamentally wrong and should not exist. Because anticommunism is an ideology (that is, is based on an idea), any person regardless of country or place in government, can be an anti-communist by virtue of the fact that an anti-communist is, by definition, nothing more than a person ideologically opposed to the idea of communism. Being opposed does not specify any action on the part of the person, however. In other words, being anti-communist does not mean a person will participate in marches against communism or boo communists in public debate. Simply put, anticommunism is a structure of ideas, not behavior, and does not contain elements of action, behavior, or demonstration. In contrast, McCarthyism was a particular political movement in the United States at a particular period. Joseph McCarthy, the notorious Senator from the state of Wisconsin, ascribed to a particular form of anticommunism that drove him to actively pursue and extricate...
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...contrast social cognition, social influence, and social norms. Describe the core social motives. Illustrate social categorization. Discuss how stereotypes and subjectivity impact personal perception. Explain the various types of attribution. Describe the components of attitudes. Illustrate the different ways to influence attitudes. Differentiate between conformity, obedience, and compliance. Describe the biological, psychological, and sociocultural aspects of prejudice, aggression, and attraction. Discuss the pros and cons of group influence on an individual. 16.5 Conformity and Obedience Conformity The Power of the Situation: The Stanford Prison Experiment Obedience Milgram’s Experiment Media Impact: The Impact of TV, Movies, Music, and Videogames Group Polarization Groupthink Individual Influence Factors in Attraction Competence Proximity Physical Attractiveness Similarity Reciprocity CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION...
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...Week 6 Lecture 1: Decision Making Individuals Definition of decision making: it is a process of making a choice among several action alternatives. It involves a commitment of resources to some course of action. Assumptions of rational decision making model: Problem clarity: clearly defined and unambiguous Know options: identify all relevant criteria and viable alternatives in an unbiased manner Clear preferences: the criteria and alternatives can be ranked and weighted. Constant preferences: constant decision criteria and weights assigned to them are stable over time No time/cost constraints: full information is available Maximum payoff: the choice alternative will yield the highest economic value (a rational decision making process: define the problem—identify the criteria—allocate weights to the criteria—develop alternatives—evaluate the alternatives—select the best alternative Types of judgments and decisions: Normative: how X should be chosen/ judged in optimal/ rational conditions Descriptive: how X actually gets chosen/ judged The reasons why descriptive decisions are different from normative decisions: Bounded rationality: time cost constraints; incomplete information; perceptiual errors in obtaining information; cognitive load in information retention and performing caluculations Bounded decision making: We seek solutions that are the best given the information that is available; that are satisfactory (good enough) We satisfice rather than...
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...psychology can be seen as a book with each chapter explaining a different step in understanding human interactions and the social growth. Beginning with how we view ourselves, then the view of others, how we influence others, their influence on us and finally with how we act in groups, human interactions and social psychology can be understood. The first step in understanding human interactions and social psychology is to understand the self. We cannot expect to understand others if we do not know and understand ourselves first. How many times have we been asked to describe who we are? This question can arise in both a professional setting and in the personal setting. When we state we are a religious person, hardworking, funny or someone who does not believe in something, we are exhibiting our self-concept. Self-concept is the overall understanding of oneself (Feenstra, 2011). Once we have this understanding, we can organize the thoughts just as we do any other information we come across. We all have a way of storing what we know and learn. Organizing and storing information is the only way for us to remember all that we do. When it comes to descriptions of oneself, it is no different. We have what we call self-schemas to organize the information within the self-concept (Feenstra, 2011). If we see ourselves as religious, attend church regularly, seek religious events, and live according to the religious rules, we would have a religious schema. All the information that we know...
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...Santiago Salas CA105 – Instructor Callan Effective Communication Core Assessment 10 October 2012 I. Introduction II. Body A. Characteristics of an effective communicator. B. Describe and analyze communication in: 1. Small groups 2. Interpersonal settings 3. Intercultural settings 4. Public speaking agendas C. Evaluate communications in: 1. Small groups 2. Interpersonal settings 3. Intercultural settings 4. Public speaking agendas D. Improving your communication and what I’ve learned. III. Conclusion Effective Communication Have you ever seen, heard, or witnessed an individual giving a speech or speaking in front of an audience? What did you think? Did they influence you with their choice of words? Did they communicate in a way in which you understood the information that was presented? Now, think about those in which communication skills were lacking? Big difference, right? Communication is always present, whether it’s through verbal or non-verbal communication. Communication is always being analyzed. We as audience observe this in our everyday lives and see the importance of an effective communicator. To me, an effective communicator must first be confident. Confidence goes a long way and is shown through our self-concept. Our “Self-concept and self-esteem are the two perceptions of self that have the greatest impact on how we communicate” (Verderber, Verderber, Sellnow 17). Along with this, you need...
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...effort to involve employees in the company's decision making. Classification: Conceptual LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: Describe best practices in team and interpersonal communication 2) Teams can increase performance levels by ________. A) pooling experience B) discouraging consensus C) encouraging groupthink D) duplicating effort E) promoting hidden agendas Answer: A Explanation: A) By pooling the experience of several individuals, a team has access to more information in the decision-making process. Classification: Conceptual LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: Describe best practices in team and interpersonal communication 3) Simon has just launched a startup and has big ideas for the company. He assembles a large team of people from different backgrounds who have the skills he needs to get the job done. Simon's brother criticizes this, saying that such a large team will result in too much conflict, because the different team members will all have individual approaches to a problem. Which of the following should Simon say to effectively counter this argument? A) A diverse group will encourage groupthink. B) The larger the team, the fewer the chances of conflict. C) The variety of perspectives will improve decision making. D) Working as a team will encourage members to eventually think alike. E) A larger team is more efficient in its use of resources. Answer: C Explanation: C) Bringing a...
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...the effort to involve employees in the company's decision making. Classification: Conceptual LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: Describe best practices in team and interpersonal communication 2) Teams can increase performance levels by ________. A) pooling experience B) discouraging consensus C) encouraging groupthink D) duplicating effort E) promoting hidden agendas Answer: A Explanation: A) By pooling the experience of several individuals, a team has access to more information in the decision-making process. Classification: Conceptual LO: 1 Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: Describe best practices in team and interpersonal communication 3) Simon has just launched a startup and has big ideas for the company. He assembles a large team of people from different backgrounds who have the skills he needs to get the job done. Simon's brother criticizes this, saying that such a large team will result in too much conflict, because the different team members will all have individual approaches to a problem. Which of the following should Simon say to effectively counter this argument? A) A diverse group will encourage groupthink. B) The larger the team, the fewer the chances of conflict. C) The variety of perspectives will improve decision making. D) Working as a team will encourage members to eventually think alike. E) A larger team is more efficient in its use of resources. Answer: C Explanation: C) Bringing a...
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...* CRITICAL THINKING REQUIREMENTS * * * Firstly, recognise that thinking critically does not mean simple criticism. It means not simply accepting information at face value in a non-critical or non-evaluating way. * The essence of critical thinking centres not on answering questions but on questioning answers, so it involves questioning, probing, analysing, evaluating. In his novel "Sophie's World", the Norwegian writer Jostein Gaarder notes that: "The most subversive people are those who ask questions". * Remember that prominence does not equate to importance. A newspaper may have made its lead story the rumour of a break-up between Britney Spears and her latest boyfriend, but that does not necessarily make it the most important news item that day. Conversely, in 1914 that tiny story about the assassination of an obscure nobleman in some backwater called Sarajevo proved to have rather more repercussions than most readers first appreciated. Try an experiment: one day, buy five or six national newspapers, compare their coverage of the same stories on the same day, and note the different prominence - and the different slant - given to the same stories. * To understand a news item, try to give some context to the current event. For instance, if it is reported that a group of Sunnis today attacked a meeting of Shiites in Iraq, three things are needed to make full sense of the report. First, explanation: what is the difference between Sunnis and Shiites and...
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...The Concept of Knowledge Communication and Its Relevance to Management USI Research Note July 2006, Version 2.2 Martin J. Eppler, School of Communication Sciences, University of Lugano (USI), Switzerland, Martin.Eppler@lu.unisi.ch, www.knowledge-communication.org Abstract: In this research note we illustrate the relevance of the notion of knowledge communication for management. We outline where and how the communication of expertise from specialists to decision makers is crucial. We introduce key elements of the concept of knowledge communication and review influential theoretical constructs that explain why knowledge communication among experts and decision makers frequently fails. 1. INTRODUCTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWLEDGE COMMUNICATION IN MANAGEMENT Communicating professional knowledge is a key activity for today’s specialized workforce. The efficient and effective transfer of experiences, insights, and know-how among different experts and decision makers is a prerequisite for high-quality decision making and coordinated, organizational action (Straub & Karahanna, 1998; Rosenthal & ‘t Hart, 1991). Situations of such deliberate (interfunctional) knowledge transfer through interpersonal communication or group conversations (Gratton & Goshal, 2002, Tsoukas 1996) can be found in many business constellations, as the following typical examples illustrate: Technology experts present their evaluation of a new technology to management in order to jointly devise a new production...
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...The Concept of Knowledge Communication and Its Relevance to Management USI Research Note July 2006, Version 2.2 Martin J. Eppler, School of Communication Sciences, University of Lugano (USI), Switzerland, Martin.Eppler@lu.unisi.ch, www.knowledge-communication.org Abstract: In this research note we illustrate the relevance of the notion of knowledge communication for management. We outline where and how the communication of expertise from specialists to decision makers is crucial. We introduce key elements of the concept of knowledge communication and review influential theoretical constructs that explain why knowledge communication among experts and decision makers frequently fails. 1. INTRODUCTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWLEDGE COMMUNICATION IN MANAGEMENT Communicating professional knowledge is a key activity for today’s specialized workforce. The efficient and effective transfer of experiences, insights, and know-how among different experts and decision makers is a prerequisite for high-quality decision making and coordinated, organizational action (Straub & Karahanna, 1998; Rosenthal & ‘t Hart, 1991). Situations of such deliberate (interfunctional) knowledge transfer through interpersonal communication or group conversations (Gratton & Goshal, 2002, Tsoukas 1996) can be found in many business constellations, as the following typical examples illustrate: Technology experts present their evaluation of a new technology to management in order to jointly devise a new production...
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...1) Archaeologists inform us that public relations has roots in A. Iraq, where bulletins informed farmers how to grow more food B. England, where 18th century bulletins hailed the coming of the British Industrial Revolution C. Rome, where tablets paid tribute to new rulers D. China, where during the Ming Dynasty peasants wrote messages on the Great Wall 2) The word propaganda originated with A. the Creel Committee during World War II B. Pope Gregory XV, who established a College in 17th Century Rome to spread the word about Catholicism C. Sophists, who walked around telling citizens of Rome who to vote for. D. the farmers who grew grapes in ancient Italy 3) The growth of public relations as an accepted business-like practice in the United States of America stems from A. the British Industrial Revolution B. the American Industrial Revolution C. the efforts of people like Samuel Adams and Amos Kendall D. the hype of P.T. Barnum 4) Applying the widely repeated definition of public relations developed by the late Denny Griswold to serve an organization properly, practitioners ought to serve as A. counsels to chief legal officers B. honest brokers to management C. advisers to human resources directors D. consultants to directors of marketing 5) To effectively communicate with a public, it is important to recognize that A. all publics have the same needs B. all publics are most interested in the technology you use C. all publics have their own special needs...
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...University of Phoenix Material Introduction to Communication Worksheet Paragraph Questions Answer the following questions in your own words. Each response must be written as an academic paragraph of at least 150 words. Be clear and concise and provide explanations for your answers. Format your sources consistent with APA guidelines. 1. According to Introducing Communication Theory (2010), what is the definition of communication? What does communication mean to you personally? Provide an example. According to introduction of Communication, defining communication can be challenging. Communication can be interpreted by many different ways. People have their own minds and so communication can be interpreted by each individual differently. At time we can be at the same lecture but somehow get a different meaning of the speaker. Communication is a social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their environment there are five key terms in defining communication, social, environment, process, symbols and meaning. Social communication usually involves two or more people interacting face to face like having a conversation there is a sender and receiver. The process of communication is a never ending It keeps going communication changes every day including the different ways we communicate. The process of a conversation can change from beginning to the end. We may begin speaking about one thing and that conversation can lead to something...
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...Experiment contd Experiment • We may conclude - „Misery loves company‟ • Later experiment – women expected to be shocked were given choice to wait with shock victims, others or alone. • In short „misery loves miserable company‟ • In General – We prefer to be with people in circumstances similar to our own Social Comparison and Attraction • Social Comparison: Making judgments about ourselves by comparing ourselves to others (e.g., comparing our feelings and abilities to those of other people) • Group membership fills needs for Social Comparison. • Compared notes after exam. • Example-Tennis player Interpersonal Attraction • Social attraction to another person. • Birds of a feather flock together, opposites attract • What does attract people to each other? Basically, we look for friends who are kind and understanding; have attractive personality, and who like us in return, and some other obvious factors Interpersonal Attraction • Physical Proximity: Physical nearness to another person in terms of housing, school, work place. – Closer people live to each other, more likely they are to become friends – Probably found a best match in a certain radius. – Frequency of contact. – Internet-romance at a distance Interpersonal Attraction • Physical Attractiveness: Person‟s degree of physical beauty as defined by his/her culture. • Naturally, beautiful people are more appealing than average-looking people • Halo Effect: Tendency to generalize a favorable impression...
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