...Paul Johnson and Howard Zinn are both famous historians; however, they have different viewpoints on early American history. Paul Johnson, a right-wing activist, was born in England. Concerning early American history, Johnson strongly believes that colonization brought by Christopher Columbus was beneficial and vital for the economic, social, and political development of America. Howard Zinn, a left-wing activist, was born in New York City. Zinn believes that Columbus is not the hero that most people think. Zinn believes that the mass slaughter of Indians and colonization that Columbus brought greatly harmed America and the local Indians. My opinion is similar to Paul Johnson’s because I believe that Columbus’s voyage and discovery of America brought various positive impacts and helped shape the America today. Paul Johnson is convinced that Columbus’s voyage to America is the greatest of allhuman adventures. As a right-wing activist, Johnson supports the leaders of thegovernment and affluent...
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...In the early 1600s powerful countries like England, France, and Spain were trying to colonize the New World. The English started to colonize many locations along the east coast of America, in present day Virginia and Massachusetts. Two of the most known colonizations were Jamestown and the Massachusetts Bay Colony, both early settlements of England. Although these colonies had major differences and similarities, they were both successful early settlements of the New World. In the early years of exploration in the New World, Spain seemed to dominate the competition in part to the voyages of Christopher Columbus. This would all change in the early 1600s. With the failed colony of Roanoke in the past, King James I of England was set to colonize...
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...Similarly to how the planet of Pandora was colonized by humans in “Avatar”, there have been several non-fictional cases of this act in the past. For this cause particularly, I will be using an example of the Europeans and Aboriginal North Americans. As early as the 1400’s, the colonization of North America had begun. Comparably to how the humans in “Avatar” were in search for a rich element, “unobtanium”, the Europeans held the same interest in terms of valuables like diamonds, gold, and even water. Beginning from the Spanish, the Aboriginal people were compelled to give up these rich resources that they had preserved for so long. Had they refused, the Spanish would use their technology, unfamiliar to the Aboriginals, and kill them. This is...
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...European Colonization of the Americas European Colonization of the Americas As students, many individuals are taught of the history and details regarding the discovery and colonization of the American continent. References to European explorers are often provided, stressing that the discoveries and connection between the American continent and the rest of the world were as a direct result of European expansion and ingenuity. Based on investigations completed that detail the previous inhabitation and identification of the American continent by people outside of the East, this is found to be inaccurate. In the following paragraphs, details concerning the colonization of the American continent will be provided. Details regarding the cultures of the continent’s inhabitants prior to the arrival of the European explorers will be included, providing the reader with a baseline by which to compare the continent’s change after the colonization. Additionally, details regarding the motivation of European countries are presented. Information regarding the Spanish and English motivations are provided as well, providing a detailed insight into the specific governments driving the expansion and exploration. North American Cultures Prior to the arrival of the European colonists on the American continents, people had already inhabited the continent for more...
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...The sensation that was coined the term “Columbus Exchange” was in all reality the start to early America. Much in similarity to all change such as globalization and industrialization, there is a good impact and also a negative impact. The Columbus Exchange is undoubtedly an event that must take place in order to colonize in the Americas. The transfer of goods, livestock, and products brought many delights and fatalities. However, consequently, the native people were the brute of those fatalities. Through observations and evidence that happened during the Columbus Exchange, the relationship established between the two “worlds” by the effects of this exchange will be displayed. The Columbus Exchange can be best described as a network between the “Old” and “New” Worlds. The Old World refers to the European Continent including Africa and Asia, and the New World refers to the unknown area or region that will become to know as America. There were many problems and conflicts in Europe that called for the colonization of the Americas. To start, overpopulation was becoming an issue. Cities and towns were overpopulated and basic necessities such as housing and such began to become a problem. Another common issue or difference, was religion tension. The...
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...Atlantic Ocean. Despite the time difference, the English colonization of North America was very important for the economic development of England and its colonies in the north of the American continent, known as the Thirteen Colonies. The first attempt at occupation of North America by the English happened to Walter Raleigh, who organized three expeditions to the region in the late sixteenth century. Raleigh did not get the expected success with the expeditions, because of the constant attacks of the indigenous people who lived there....
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...tested on all of this material on the respective quizzes Native Americans (Read this for quiz 1) “ The First Americans” (Not a link…go to the assigned website) European Society (Read this for quiz 1) Colonial Era/Exploration and Discovery The Significance of 1492 European Commercial and Financial Expansion Slavery and Spanish Colonization The Meaning of America The Black Legend Colonial Era/17th Century (Read below for quiz 1) European Colonization North of Mexico Spanish Colonization English Settlement Colonial Era/17 century (Read below for quiz 2) English Colonization Begins Life in Early Virginia Slavery Takes Root in Colonial Virginia Founding New England The Puritans The Puritan Idea of the Covenant Regional Contrasts Dimensions of Change in Colonial New England The Salem Witch Scare Slavery in the Colonial North Struggles for Power in Colonial America Diversity in Colonial America The Middle Colonies: New York Fear of Slave Revolts The Middle Colonies: William Penn’s Holy Commonwealth The Southernmost Colonies: The Carolinas and Georgia Colonial Administration (Read below for quiz 2) No readings th Road to Revolution (Read for quiz 3) Colonial America/18th Century The The The The The The Emergence of New Ideas about Personal Liberties and Constitutional Rights Great Awakening Seven Years’ War Rise of Antislavery Sentiment Fate of Native Americans Road to Revolution American Revolution (Read for quiz 3) Entire Chapter on American Revolution Introduction Why should we care...
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...Schultz Colonization and the First Globalization In order for one to gain a better knowledge of how terrestrial and ocean colonization unfolded in the Americas, Siberia, Africa, and China, a person must first understand the definition of colonization. Simply put, colonization is an ongoing process of control by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. This means that a foreign government moves into the land and seizes control; gaining power, natural resources, and a larger economy. In the year 1492, an Italian explorer by the name of Christopher Columbus set out on an expedition departing from Spain in search of a faster ocean route to reach Asia. Him and his crew set foot on an island in the Bahamas 36 days after deporting from Spain. While in the Bahamas, Columbus and his men visited a total of three islands and built a settlement on Hispaniola Island with salvaged wreckage from one of their ships. Convinced he had reached Asia, he then set sail back to Spain with the two remaining ships. Columbus failed to find what he set out for – a new route to Asia along with the riches it promised, and he passed away short of success in 1506. However, Columbus was still successful in other terms. He is credited with the discovery of the New World and opening the Americas for European colonization. Following Columbus’s discovery, European nations that were on the Atlantic Rim exploited the riches and resources of the Americas. Due to their...
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...Hammond September 21, 2015 The Inflicted Spanish Pressure on the Mestiza/Indigenous Women of Colonial Latin America Colonial times in Latin America were tough for both mestizas/indigenous and Spanish women. Latin America’s status of indigenous women changed in terms of their positions in the hierarchy of society, labor roles, and their marriage responsibilities and their own freedoms. The Spanish women began to impose several changes in order to accustom the indigenous women to their level in order to make the “New Spain” a reality. During early conquest, mestiza women, especially those of noble classes were accustomed to be married off as soon as their fathers had an idea of who they wanted to be allied with and to move up in hierarchy. As Susan Socolow said, “Indeed, chiefs offered their sisters and daughters to Spanish conquistadors, continuing the pre-Columbian pattern of using women to appease the powerful and ally with them.” Reigning Spanish conquistadors or other tribal leaders sought to establish alliances, so women were in other words seen as objects to benefit them. Spanish women at the time of colonization were rare, but for instance, Juan Jaramillo was one of the early conquistadors who married. As said, “Her father, don Leonel de Cervantes was a comendador of the Order of Santiago…” The few rare Spanish women available during the colonization state tended to be noble daughters of comendadors, who were married off quickly to other rising nobles, which...
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...Power in Europe was measured using an economic theory called mercantilism (”World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times.”). Mercantilism is an economic theory that was in application from the 16th to the 18th century that says that a nations power is measured by its economic strength or capacity, and because of this the balance of power was shifting during the Age of Exploration because nations were gaining great economic strength because of trade and colonization. Mercantilism meant that in order to become a strong, powerful nation you would need to develop your country economically and find a massive source of wealth, the Age of Exploration opened up several opportunities to become a wealthy nation that allowed for fluctuations in the balance of power in Europe. These opportunities also led to conflicts and rivalries between nations that created further changes to the balance of power (”World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times.”). examples of these rivalries are: Portugal and Spain, which Spain won and allowed it to gain power and the rivalry between the Dutch vs France, that created a conflict for each other colonies, territories and trade that let both nation to gain and lose some power. An additional reason for changes in the balance of power was a country’s aspirations for expansion. Portugal were early explorers that had greater ambitions than other nations and rose to power as they explored Africa, Spain soon joined them as both countries...
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...Early Colonization Ethnic and cultural diversity is an internationally shared social experience. In today’s society several countries possess “natives” of different ethnicity. Many ethnicity who are believed to be original natives of their country are usually descendants of colonists or a race made up of a mixture of ethnicity from a particular region. Early colonialism is one cause for such diversity. Colonization is the establishment of a colony through the organized migration to an outside territory. From the 1600’s to 1800’s Western Europeans were the colonized groups dominating many parts of the world for a variety of reasons. Many conquest to other countries were to discover natural resources like, spices, gold and other trade-able material unique to its region. Some expedition set out to explore for other reasons like proving a theory or to follow up on stories told by their fellow explorers. Once reaching their destination, other factors made them stay such as the discovery of monetary gain, religious freedom and political powers. While some countries like China, were unable to become colonized, others were dominated to the extent of their people eventually becoming a minority in their own land. Imperialistic ambition was a major element in the colonization of many third world countries. As immigrants settled on foreign soil, they believed they were legitimately entitled to occupy the land. They eventually impose their economic, religion, and social systems onto an...
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...European trading posts and colonies in both the Americas and the East. Colonialism is defined as a structure in a colony with a specific linkage; meaning economic, political, cultural, and social ideologies. The colonies linked England to the United States. England, being the mother country, also had a very important role play. The mother country was responsible for providing money for supplies for voyages such as ships, food, soldiers, and weapons etc. Also, England was responsible for the processing and manufacturing of raw materials. Settlers of the colonies needed markets to sell their goods and labor. They also needed a source of labor for the production of raw materials. This new labor force was made up of Native Americans, indentured servants (white slaves who served terms of up to seven years as slaves), and Africans. Columbus and his crew stated that when they arrived in the Americas they found Africans already there. In 1502, the Spanish were the first Europeans to enslave Africans in the Americas. Yet the local population died from European diseases like smallpox and from overwork. Thus in 1502, ten years after Columbus' landing, the Spanish brought the first African slaves to Cuba from West Africa to replace Indian slaves who were dying out. This began the trans-Atlantic slave deal between West Africa and the Americas and the integration of Native Americans and Africans. The Spanish conquerors of the Americas—known as Conquistadors were...
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...By the eighteenth century, two regions of English colonization in the New World varied in great measure. Diversity of the New England and Jamestown colonies came to existence during the early development of the colonies. Motivations for migrating to the New World differentiated the two regions; religious unrest pushed for settlement in New England whereas the desire for economic prosperity pulled for settlement in Jamestown. Contrasting motivations for encampment in the New World created a colony that almost failed and a colony that thrived. Jamestown almost failed as a colony because their motives were driven by individuality and greed while New England thrived as a colony because they were driven by a unified religious vision of a virtuous...
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...fdsfgfdhsggggggggggggggggggggggggThis course surveys social, political, and economic events that have shaped the United States from the first inhabitants of the Americas to 1865. Students delve into key historical events in North American history, ranging from Spanish and English colonization to the Civil War. This course equips students with a general understanding of how important early historical events laid the foundation for future development of the United States. WEEK 1 - TOPIC 1: THE GEOGRAPHIC REVOLUTION Objectives * Describe how changes in European society led to North American colonization. * Describe North American civilization prior to European colonization. Materials * READING: Ch. 1 * WEB LINK: Ch. 1 Interactive Exercise: Gutierrez Map Assessment * CheckPoint: European Societal Changes * Assignment: North American Civilization Paper WEEK 2 - TOPIC 1: SETTLEMENT IN THE SOUTH AND NORTH Objectives * Discuss the role of religion in North American settlements. * Discuss the development of various Southern societies during the settlement period. * Compare and contrast the early Northern and Southern colonies. Materials * READING: Ch. 2 (pp. 34-57) * READING: Ch. 3 * READING: Ch. 4 (pp. 101-118) * READING: Ch. 5 * Appendix B Assessment * DQ 1 * DQ 2 * CheckPoint: Compare and Contrast Matrix * Participation WEEK 3 - TOPIC 1: ON THE ROAD TO AMERICAN...
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...During the Ice Age, sea levels dropped creating a bridge from North America to Eurasia. 35,000 years ago This gave immigrants a chance to migrate over to the “New World”. Humans began to travel to America from Asia 33,000 - 8,000 B.C. This leads to the creation of the earliest civilizations in the Americas. Columbus’s Discovery 1492 He founded a “New World” that led to the colonization of people from Europe in America. The Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 This treaty between Spain and Portugal divided the Western Hemisphere between both groups settling conflicts. Hernan Cortes conquered Mexico 1609 He vanquished the Aztec tribe and claimed Mexico for Spain. Marco Polo His journey to China lasted about 22 years and he came back to write...
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