...responsibilities and their own freedoms. The Spanish women began to impose several changes in order to accustom the indigenous women to their level in order to make the “New Spain” a reality. During early conquest, mestiza women, especially those of noble classes were accustomed to be married off as soon as their fathers had an idea of who they wanted to be allied with and to move up in hierarchy. As Susan Socolow said, “Indeed, chiefs offered their sisters and daughters to Spanish conquistadors, continuing the pre-Columbian pattern of using women to appease the powerful and ally with them.” Reigning Spanish conquistadors or other tribal leaders sought to establish alliances, so women were in other words seen as objects to benefit them. Spanish women at the time of colonization were rare, but for instance, Juan Jaramillo was one of the early conquistadors who married. As said, “Her father, don Leonel de Cervantes was a comendador of the Order of Santiago…” The few rare Spanish women available during the colonization state tended to be noble daughters of comendadors, who were married off quickly to other rising nobles, which is similar to how mestiza women were given off, but different because their availability was minimal and their status as well. During the colonization state in the story of Catalina de Erauso, “The lady was well-off, with a good deal of livestock and cattle, and it seems that, since Spaniards were scare in those parts, she began to fancy me as a husband...
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...The people of the early exploration and colonization are extremely focused on having the free will to practice their religion in their own ways. This focus on free practice of religion is the main purpose for why people are colonized in North America. Although most creation stories involve very similar purposes, the religions are very different, and there are different ways of worship and study of a religion. Some groups are very violent and disrespectful, to the Native Americans, as they travel through North America finding land to settle on. There are also groups that are very peaceful and make amends with the Natives. All of these things are described in the Iroquois Creation story, Bartolome de las Casas’ excerpt, and Bradford’s writings....
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...EARLY COLONIZATION PERIOD IN AMERICA By the 1700’s two settlements had been established, Chesapeake and New England regions. Both New England and the Chesapeake region started off as colonies, established by England, and were divided into two distinct societies because of their religious, economic and geographical differences. The first major difference between the two settlements was religion. On one hand, the puritans, who colonized the New England, were very religious. They wanted to create a model society in which there were limits to legitimate commercial behavior, and the religious idealism would turn into a renewed sense of community. They were very strict in their religious beliefs. The Chesapeake region took a different approach, and did not put religion at the center of life. In the Chesapeake, religion was much less severe. These was the difference between two region. The second difference between the two settlements was economy. The Chesapeak’s economy was almost entirely based on farming. Rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton were cash crops. Crops were grown on large plantations where slaves and indentured servants worked the land. On the other hand New England’s economy was largely depend on ocean. Fishing was most important to the New England economy. Farming was difficult in New England for crops like wheat because of the poor soil. As can be seen the economic sources was different between the two region. The last difference between the two settlements...
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...The introduction of colonialism was brought about to civilise people and was used as a tool in the colonial power system. Not only did it help maintain the power structure, but it also aided in the maintenance of western ideologies inflicted upon the colonised. With this colonial power comes the perpetuation of other power symbols: Patriarchy is a medium to oppress under the category of retaining power. Colonialism and patriarchy are inextricably linked. Tsitsi Dangaremba's Nervous Conditions is used to portray the impact of these power hierarchies, and how it all comes down to the root of ‘Englishness’. The female characters are used in order to reveal how resistance to oppression works, even though the outcomes are successful to different degrees. Nervous Conditions demonstrates how the traditional, colonised women suffer the most. Dangaremba shows in the novel that regardless of the class and social status differentiating the women, oppression through colonialism and patriarchy exists in all forms: “The needs and sensibilities of the women in my family were not considered a priority, or even legitimate,” (Dangaremba 12). Tambu, the protagonist of the novel, right from the beginning explicitly reveals the hardship which the women endure. In the novel, the women all undergo oppression from Babamukuru, the main male figure, who epitomises the inextricability of colonialism and patriarchy. He is a ‘good African’, trained under western rule. His role is to set standards for his...
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...Frontier in Science Fiction Just as, early American settlers viewed land West of the Mississippi as, ‘free land as far as the eye can see’, early science fiction writers created a Mars that was ‘ripe for the taking’ in their many stories of colonization. The Frontier Myth is from the idea that early settlers viewed uninhabited land as free to whoever wants it, a first come, first served mentality attached with unlimited opportunity. Well, as my dear father told me long ago, nothing in life is free. Of course the Frontier Myth doesn’t account for who or what was there before the ones doing the taking. Therein lies the problem. Or for many early science fiction writers- a great story idea. Fuelled by real scientific observation, starting with Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli and his 1877 “discovery” of canals on the planet Mars (which later was rejected as part of the natural landscape by better technology) to the 1960’s and 1970’s NASA programs Mariner and Viking. Specifically because of the real science behind Mars exploration, authors like; Philip K. Dick, Martian Time-Slip, Greg Bear, Moving Mars, and Kim Stanley Robinson with Red Mars, all explored very scientific, but humanistic stories with themes of the political, economical and social effects of colonization on Mars. One interesting aspect of Mars literature is the use of environmental similarities of globalization here on Earth as a reflection in the colonization of Mars stories. In her article, “Martian...
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...The Mission to Mars Project Signature Assignment Submitted to: Dr. Archer 06/28/2013 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe what the Mission to Mars Project and understand how they plan on surviving accordingly and what they plan to accomplish. The Mission to Mars project is a huge exploration venture for man-kind and can possibly cause a paradigm shift in our world as we know it today. I will describe the Mission exactly as it planned and many flaws that come with their plans. NASA has been defunded so this mission has been privatized by a nonprofit organization (Mission One). Mission One is seeking individuals to volunteer for their mission to Mars. The individuals they choose for the mission will have to expect to live on Mars and colonize the red planet. Most of their plans are just theory and I will research more of their plans like growing vegetation, using solar power, and survival. Introduction to “The Mission to Mars” Project Many great men and women have been able to experience the glory beyond our atmosphere. Retired NASA astronaut, Frank Borman, was one of those great men. Borman was one of the first 24 individuals to fly around the moon. Borman is a modern explorer, beyond the constraints of the seas, or land, Borman was able to reach new heights. This great explorer once said, “Exploration really is the essence of the human spirit, and to pause, to falter, to turn our back...
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...A Small Place Essay British colonization is what led to the corruption of Antigua and society through the eyes of Jamaica Kincaid. The book shows the significance of the arrival of outside countries and people and the effect it had on Caribbean islands. Through Kincaid’s various views throughout the book, perspectives range from viewpoints of tourists traveling to the Caribbean to viewing society through the eyes of Antiguan natives; even through the eyes of Jamaica Kincaid herself as a young child during the colonization periods. Kincaid’s sour tone throughout the text shows her passion for her home country and its history as she feels Antigua has been and is corrupted by the outside presence of other nations. A majority of A Small Place is expressed through Kincaid’s personal point of view and, consequently, is written in the first-person. However, she tends to write in the second-person point of view when she’s referring to tourists and even early English colonists. Her constant use of “you” in her writing makes her claims more personal and strong in distinguishing the dislike for what the tourists represent. Her tone even gets more aggressive at times. “Do you ever try to understand why people like me cannot get over the past, cannot forgive and cannot forget? There is the Barclay’s Bank. The Barclay brothers are dead. The human beings they traded, the human beings who to them were only commodities, are dead.” (Kincaid 27) Her claims towards the tourists are...
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...but of their decisions, and in 1831, Ambrose Hawkins was contemplating moving his family from America to Africa. Had he done so, his son Joseph would have been raised in Liberia instead of North Carolina and never would have become Pharrell Williams’s third great-grandfather. As it happens, Ambrose did go to Liberia, but opted for a solo round trip, rather than a family migration. If not for this last minute change of plans, the gene pool that would eventually produce Pharrell couldn’t have crystallized. He wouldn’t exist and the rest of us would be considerably less Happy. We wouldn’t Get Lucky and those Blurred Lines would remain clearly demarcated. All because one man changed his mind 183 years ago.” Ambrose Hawkins had a plan. In the early 1830s, the cobbler decided to move his family to...
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...BICOL FOLKSONG AKO’Y POBRENG ALINDAHAW Ako’y pobreng alindahaw Sa hoyuhoy gi-anud-anud Nagita ug ka paniban-an ahay! Sa tanaman us sa mga kabulakan. Aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy Ania si bulak sa mga kahidlaw. Aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy Aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy Ania si bulak sa mga kahidlaw Aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, Aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy, aruy Di ka ba mahalooy ning pobreng alindahaw. DIGDI SA SAMUYA Pobreng kamugtakan Pero mga tawo garu magturugang Kada may okasyon Gabus nagtiripon Ang lambang pamilya Igwang namundugan Gabos nag-oogma Gabos nagtatabang-tabangan DAI NANGGAD AKO Dai nanggad ako maghigot nin manok kun ako malakaw Iba an nahimas, kun ako naabot An balukag gumos, ‘yan ang pinagpunan Maraot na boot Dai nanggad ako maghigot nin manok kun ako malakaw Iba an nahimas, kun ako naabot An balukag gumos, ‘yan ang pinagpunan Maraot na boot Proverbs 1. Ang mag-agom na daing baging Kahoy na ing sanga. 2. Ang ga-ulu-alistuhan na daing aram Ang nakukuha kaan kasusupgan. 3. Ang babaying salawahan Di dapat pag-ngaloan 4. Ang aking barumbado Mag-gurang man an tarantado. 5. Tunay na tentasyon ang babaying magayon alagad tentasyon na dai nakauyam kundi nakaumok 6. Ang tawong grabe ang gulang Minsan iyo pa ang nawal-an 7. Sabihun mo ang permi mong kaiba Ta taramun ko kung sisay ka 8. Inano man katibay ang abaka Dai man syempreng kusog Pag...
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...Jalissa H. Professor Green History 101 INCAS The Incas became a definite group near present-day Cuzco around 1200CE. They were American Indian people. They were a small tribe in the Southern highlands of Peru. It was not until about 1400 tht they expanded and became one of the largest and morst tighly guarded empires the worl has ever known, under Pachacuti Inca. About 1532, the Spanish had arrived, at the time their empire was known as TYawantinsuyu. This is also known as the four Quarters, which spreed across the Northern Ecuador to the Central Chile, spanning some 3,500 kilometers in distance. Their skilld in governmebt matched their feat in engineering. They constructed roads, walls, irrigation system which is still being utilized in our society today. In 1532 the Spanish conquerors captured the Inca empires and it began to crumble. The Incas came out of conflicts between a number of competing communities in Southern Peru and Bolivia. It was the help of the military that caused success against the Chanca. This caused the Inca to believe they were under the protection of the sun God, Inti. Inti was known for being the emperor who was an earthly manifestation. The Incas thought they were on an all-powerful assignment to bring the civilization to those they had defeated. They inhabited some of the world’s arid dessert. Close by were the flat coastal lands and the jagged peaks of the Andes Mountain. The natives lived under the rule of one man, the emperor they called...
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...was an extractive state. “The main purpose of the extractive state was to transfer as much of the resources of the colony to the colonizer” (1370). These colonies were exploited by Europeans and didn’t offer institutions that protected their native citizens against the ruling government. Their existence was solely to produce profit for the elite, which was done through extracting the lands’ gold, silver, and cash crops (Easterly and Levine 8). The ruling government would generally extract these colonies valuables, then “set up a complex mercantilist system of monopolies and trade regulations to extract further resources from the colonies” (Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson 1375). Since there was an overwhelming economic motive behind the colonization of these lands, Europeans would focus on controlling the colonies population by establishing an authoritarian state (1375). This was done with the intention of making as much profit as possible. A prime example of this type of colony is Mexico, which was colonized by the Spaniards. Conquistadors would abuse native Mexicans by forcing them into employment with very little...
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...Pre-Colonial Native American groups. * Determine how various groups resolve conflict. * Identify Native American groups in Tennessee and the Western Hemisphere before European expansion. * Reasons for European exploration and settlement. * Understand how to use maps, globes, and other geographic representations, tools, and techniques to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective. * Identify routes of explorers of the Americas. * Identify cultural groups who inhabited North America in the 17th century. * Reasons settlements are founded on major river systems. * Read and interpret facts from a historical passage about an early American Spanish mission. * Describe the immediate and long-term impact of Columbus’s voyages on native populations and on colonization in the Americas. * Accomplishments of significant explorers and their impact on...
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...1.What were the main causes, elements, and impact of the different approaches to colonies followed by the English, French, and Spanish? By Columbus’s discovery, Spain got a religious justification fro conquest and an army of seasoned soldiers, named conquistadores. Also, rulers in Spain developed efficient techniques for controlling new colonies. The conquistadores left a trail of destruction by attacking native villages and killed or captured the inhabitant since they preferred seeking gold and slaves to creating permanent settlements. In 1519, some Spanish soldiers landed on the coast of Mexico. Three years later, these Spanish soldier conquered Aztec empire. The three factors of Spanish victory were technological advantages, division within the Aztec empire, and disease. Later, some other Spanish soldiers conquered a richer empire, Inca empire. By 1550, Spain’s New World empire, which stretched from the Caribbean through Mexico to Peru, was administered from Spain by the Council of the Indies. The council enacted laws for the empire and supervised an elaborate bureaucracy to maintain political control and extract wealth from the land and its people. Then, two expedition went to north America to find gold and silver but they did not find any gold and silver. So Spain stopped to extend its empire and just maintained two precarious footholds in north of Mexico. By a large number of gold and silver flowing into Spain, it became the richest and most powerful state in Europe. However...
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...Book Review on Augustine as Mentor CHHI 520D18 LUO (Fall 2013) Church History I Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Reed E. Harvey (ID# 24867788) December 16, 2013 THESIS STATEMENT Determine whether the mentoring approach used by Augustine, an Early Church Father is yet relevant for today’s church. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction …………….……………………….………………………………….…4 II. Brief Summary ……….…………………………………………….………………...4 III. Critical Interaction ………………………………………………………………….6 IV. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………7 Working Bibliography …………………………………………………………………...9 I. Introduction This review will provide a summarization and critical interaction with the text: Augustine as Mentor authored by Edward L. Smither. Smither is associate professor of Church History and Intercultural Studies at Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary. Other areas of scholarly interest include the Early Church, evangelical missions among Arabs and the history of missions. The thesis of this text is, “that Augustine effectively mentored spiritual leaders and set them apart for needed ministries in the church.” II. Brief Summary Smither sets the table for this text through an in-depth analysis and look at mentoring in the first century. Special emphasis centered on mentoring done by Jesus with the Disciples as found in the Gospels and with the Apostle Paul from the book of Acts and Paul’s epistles. Smither’s...
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...The Canonization of the New Testament When we think about the New Testament in our Bibles today most of us pay little attention to, or have little regard for the history that surrounds how it came to be. This is partly because of the high position we as Evangelicals have for our Bibles. We are taught that the Bible is infallible and never contradicts itself. I agree whole heartedly that the Bible is God's Holy Word and infallible non contradictory. But two weeks ago if you were to ask me how the Bible was put together or "canonized", I would have told you that there was some sort of council that decided which books should be in there, but ultimately it was God's sovereign will. Now the last part would be correct, but the rest is at best debatable. So how was the Bible put together? Since the argument is extremely complex and much of the details are lost or were never recorded, we will be exploring the different events that drove the movement, along with several different opinions of when the Bible was Complete or Canonized. There were two particular movements during the second century that made the Church realize a need to have a compilation of books that were universally accepted. The first movement, although not as well know, was Marcionism. This heretical sect was started by Marcion who was born into Christianity but had a deep dislike for Judaism and the material world. He believed that the God and Father of Jesus are not the same as the creator Yahweh, and it was...
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