...western ideas of doing business seemed to have greater possibilities and more freedom to move around. These are the reasons why western values become more and more important in the Japanese life and bit by bit affected the traditional Japanese values. 2. How might Japan’s changing culture influence the way Japanese businesses operate in the future? What are the potential implications of such changes for the Japanese economy? The generation born after 1964 has other new views how to act with a company. Nowadays the employees feel more important for themselves, for example for their career, than for the company. The new generation will make individual effort and won’t work for a greater good of their company for all employees. Therefore companies has to change their programs of benefits. They have to support individual performance stronger and don’t base it in a seniority pay system and reconsider about the sense of the rest of the benefits given to every employee as a part of the Confucian values. 3. How did traditional Japanese culture benefit Matsushita during the 1950s - 1980s? Did traditional values become more of a liability during the 1990s and early 2000s? How so? The traditional Japanese culture was one of the main reasons of Matsushita’s success during the 1950s – 1980s. Thereby Matsushita took care of employees from the cradle to the grave and they offered their company life-long loyalty and hard work, known...
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...Institution Instructor Tittle DEFINITION OF CULTURE AND BIOLOGY AND THEIR IMPORTANCE Culture is a core concept encompassed in anthropology in which art, knowledge, belief and religious practice as well as societal administration are exercised. Culture also the aspect of practicing the societal norms that have been put in place over a given period of time thus making people in the vicinity to adhere to the latter and sometimes consequences may be associated if an individual deflects from their requirements. Morals, law, customs, language, beliefs and traditions encompass culture and in a given geographical location with different societies, culture may take a form called multiculturalism (which is cultural diversity). Culture is among the oldest developments in history dated back millions of years during the evolution of early man in the Paleolithic period when he made stone tools, developed language, built settlements, made paintings, hunted and gathered wild animals and plants, reared and developed the art of plant and animal domestication and eventually established a sedentary lifestyle with laws and regulations governing the conduct of their generations. A culture can be due developed in the community, institution, organization or any business entity especially if the administration of such institution lays a concrete base on a given practice. Such may include the likes of instilling a culture on responsibility in duty, early reporting to work premises and timely performance...
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...a deep rooted value system, drawn from the early Aryan thinking, called vedanta, deeply influenced the societal and institutional values in India. Overall, Indian collective culture had an interesting individualistic core while the civilisational values of duty to family, group and society was always very important while vedantic ideas nurtured an inner private sphere of individualism. There has been considerable interest in the notion that managerial values are a function of the behaviours of managers. England, Dhingra and Agarwal (1974) were early scholars who contended that managerial values were critical forces that shape organisational architecture. The relevance of managerial values in shaping modern organisational life is reflected in scholarly literature linking them to corporate culture (Deal & Kennedy 1982), organisational commitment and job satisfaction (O’Reilly, Chatham & Caldwell 1991), as well as institutional governance (Mowday, Porter & Steers 1982). Thus, understanding the source of these values and in particular societal work values (which link the macro-micro relationships and in turn organisational practices) had become a popular line of enquiry, and a great deal of evidence has been presented to support the importance of national culture in shaping managerial values. One of the most widely read formulations of this literature is the seminal work of Hofstede (1980) who popularised the notion of clustering culture in generic dimensions such as power distribution...
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...Western society in literature in the twentieth century swayed closely on the idea of traditional social gender roles, to the modern gender roles that were developing. Writers during this time would portray men and women roles, as they saw it in society. As the Western culture progressed societies view changed as well with gender roles. In the early stages of the twentieth century, playwrights such as Strindberg, Ibsen, and Lorca, wrote characters such as men and women in gender roles that fit to the societal norms during that time. Plays like Trifles by Susan Glaspell, gave the appearance of the common societal gender roles in Western cultures. The play shows the controversy of men having the power and wisdom over women. Glaspell shows through...
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...There are various forces that contributed to the cultural makeup of early civilizations; these forces also varied amongst different cultures quite naturally some forces being more influential than others. Customs, spiritual and religious beliefs that were often largely based upon population’s geographic, demographic, agriculture or available resources. Civilizations develop when the environment of a region can support a large and productive population (Sayre, 2010 p.2). These forces all contributed to the “makeup” of early civilizations, for example people in a geographic area not conducive to plentiful farming would be hunters and vice versa famers or gathers dictating their entire life style . Populations largely determined their cultural based on their means of survival and these forces and ultimately manifested them into customs, politics, laws, and an all-around societal structure. Social issues such as war and economic difficulties arose due to these forces of a civilization. Some of the main cultural influences were customs, spiritual, religious belief, laws, politics and societal structure as these behaviors were commonly passed done within a population from generation to generation. Culture is very important to a civilization, as it is the foundation of civilization. While Historical revisionism, can enlighten, bring new information and perspective forth, it can also alter or amend what we already know as history. This can...
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... I made up stories for my sister night after night.... It must have been then that I decided to put stories on paper (Anzaldúa, 65)." This quote supports the realism of self-oppression that brings forth intimate radicalism. The highlighted text above demonstrates her resistance to defeat. This exhibits how she can feel her limits in society and their inability to leave their metaphysical culture in order to turn to reason and acceptance. The aspect of race and class revive in her the passion to literary look at the Spanish colonizers, the church, and the racial split they began, and continues its practice in today’s society. Supported by this illustration, "…Tonantsi, desexed, became Guadalupe, the chaste protective mother (Anzaldúa, 28)." The myths explain how individuals remain confined according to class and race. This encourages people do what they believe as true and right. This leads to her not fitting into the normal categories of culture as expected by the society. In addition, this highlights that the author further does not recognize disciplinary barriers framed by the societal, cultural norms and...
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...The Connection between National Culture and Organizational Culture Kyb Fugfugosh San Francisco State University IBUS 681 (01) Date 12/10/2012 2 The Connection between National and Organizational Culture The term “culture” is generally ascribed to societies in a country, or ethnic and regional clusters within a nation, but can also be assigned to organizations, institutions, and family. Social organizations, whether national cultures, or institutional cultures develop because members’ behavior is not arbitrary, and can sometimes be anticipated and calculated. Organizations are bound by culture, which includes the individual behaviors of members and the collective purpose of the organization. In his frequently referenced book, Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values (1984), Geert Hofstede provided a methodology for the cross-cultural studies of nations, and the organizations that develop based on cultural values. Cultural concepts, as they relate to organizational studies, are borrowed from anthropology, in which views vary, and there is no consensus. Therefore the application of the “cultural perspective” to organizational studies also varies, and is based on assumptions about the nature of both “culture” and “organizations” (Smircich, 1983). Pettigrew (1979) advocated the use of cultural concepts borrowed from sociology and anthropology in the examination of organizational behavior. He advanced “longitudinalprocessual” studies of organizations...
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...Knowledge Area Module I: Principles of Societal Development Student: Michael Moore Michael.Moore@waldenu.edu Program: PhD in Applied Management and Decision Sciences Specialization: Leadership and Organizational Change KAM Assessor: Dr. Javier Fadul Javier.fadul@waldenu.edu Faculty Mentor: Dr. Javier Fadul Javier.fadul@waldenu.edu Walden University February 5, 2011 ABSTRACT Breadth This Knowledge Area Module (KAM) broadens common knowledge of societal and cultural development by looking beyond economic and conflict theories for understanding other positions regarding social advancement. The Breadth Component studies societal and cultural development in terms of evolutionary, cyclical, and fundamentalist theories and demonstrates why it is important to looking beyond the popularly accepted knowledge about social development represented by economic and conflict theory. This approach provides a more robust generalization that more adequately describes social advancement, and concludes that classical researchers did not consider leadership as a social segment to be studied, that influences societal and cultural development. Leadership understanding of societal and cultural development is critical for enabling them to lead positive social change. ABSTRACT Depth The Depth section compares modern research in societal and cultural development to the theories of classical researchers in order to further develop the findings of the classical study, and to determine if leadership...
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...Nadia Hercules Elaine Zundl ISS Women Leadership 14 September 18, 2014 Personal Reflection Society plays a big role on how individuals act and perceive their environment. Its society the one that chooses what certain sex is supposed to act. Once an individual goes outside questions the norms, society makes that individual an outcast. The reason behind is because people love to be loved back just to become accepted by society. Society has a great impact on gender and how an individual is expected to act based on societal rules. Judith Lorber in her essay “Night To His Day” explains how individuals try to put a gender once a baby is born, those expectations of gender then creates gender stereotypes of how an individuals should act and respond to societal cues based on their gender. Lorber’s essay is an explanation to some extent of how living and being Hispanic has influenced my way of thinking towards the role of women in society. Since an early age a Hispanic girl is taught that is incumbent for her to stay home and take care of the children and man, however, that machista way of thinking aggravates what I stand for which is succeed in life and not be the typical stay home housewife. Living in such environment made me realized that I wanted to stand out from the norm. That the kitchen and woman role that society designates to women were not for me; instead, I wanted an education in which I have a leadership role and stand beside men as equal. Taking that stand and identifying...
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...The Purpose of Human Life in Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome Kara McBroom HUM/100 July 22, 2013 Tony Kashani, Ph.D. The Purpose of Human Life in Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome The Ancient Greek began a pattern in life throughout their time by putting incredible stress on instruction, the Gods, logic, written works, music, move and the sky is the limit from there. As the Greek voyaged and exchanged with different nations they came to look into diverse societies and they carried what they studied home to Greece and developed it. What they studied overflowed to the Roman society and the Romans based that. Not, one or the other society was exceptionally religious however the Gods prepared to what was satisfactory and not worthy in life. Stories of the Gods gave both societies what was worthy when it came to ethical conduct however it didn't furnish Greeks and Romans with the reason for life. Rationalists looked to furnish the reason for life to both societies. The Greek and Romans would have been wise to find request and significance in human life and nature and their journey for those two things brought about workmanship, science and logic. Hesiod started logic with restraint as the key to satisfaction. Hesiod felt control and living right was the motivation behind human life. Later different scholars accompanied and looked to make a moral framework dependent upon good and bad and to give a reason to life here on earth. The purpose of human life in ancient Greece...
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...were forced to change the way of doing business. They started to fire older employees. The younger generation, which grows up wealthy, saw this process and concluded that loyalty to one company might be not the best for themselves. The difference between the postwar generation and their children the parents were struggling to recover from the humiliation of defeat / the children grow up in a richer world with more possibilities and they did not wanted to be a salary man and tie themselves to one company for a lifetime is the change in the Japanese culture. It led to a change in the traditional values in Japan. Loyalty, group identification and reciprocal obligations became less and individualism more important. 2. How might Japan's changing culture influence the way Japanese businesses operate in the future? What are the potential implications of such changes for the Japanese economy? In the first step Japan's changing culture is influencing the way how Japanese businesses will manage their human resource. If loyalty, group identification and reciprocal obligations loses there value in for the employees, then the companies needs to put some other incentives. Lifelong working contracts with perks will decline, short time contracts with employees will increase. Bonuses based on performance will increase also. The idea: More money for better performance. In the second step the change in the human resource management will also change the way how Japanese businesses are...
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...language earns its global status when it culturally and politically dominant across the continents. Also, it is notable that the most salient feature of a global language is not how many people use it, rather how strongly the people who speak this language is socially and politically established. In fact, perhaps the most significant force that makes a language global is political power of its speakers. The spread of English beyond Europe and the British Isles is accredited to four centuries of colonialism and British imperialism, which led to English being spoken by over three hundred million people. (Crystal 14) The first significant stride in the advancement of English towards its pre-eminence as a world language occurred during the early trade in the Atlantic. Crystal also articulates that by the year 1600, England had gained trading contacts across three continents, which retrospectively provided a powerful platform on which the English language was to flourish and become the globally dominant medium of communication that it is at present (39). Trading companies such as the Newfoundland fur trade, the ivory and gold trade on the western coast of Africa and the East India Company brought speakers of English into economic contact throughout the world. English and the English-based pidgins created in parts of West Africa, acted as lingua francas of common communication during the colonial period. These pidgins during the slave trade were the only means of communicating...
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...clients become responsible for meeting those basic needs. Problems in the modern world are determined by increasing unemployment or unemployable rates due to technological demands. Social care focuses on those not able to care for themselves such as children and the elderly. Social control is put in place for those who can act out of societal norms and need supervision for a certain length of time. Rehabilitation helps to return the person to a state of functioning properly in society. 2. Identify professional disciplines that influence human services. Disciplines that directly impact human service professionals are sociology, psychology, and anthropology. Sociology allows the human service professional to evaluate the current environment with the belief of those elements cause certain behaviors. Psychology helps to understand how the mind works and describes certain behaviors and how the mind processes things. Anthropology studies the cultures and beliefs of different areas in the world and how each of those affect behaviors within the group. 3. How have societal viewpoints concerning mental illness or health influenced human services over the past three centuries? As society evolved over the past three centuries the viewpoints concerning mental...
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...aspect of our lives. The definition of normal as it relates to any one category is subjective and varies from individual to individual. That being said, I believe that sometimes in our quest to be “normal” an individual may conform to a group’s widely accepted standard, as a result forfeiting or losing a unique aspect of his or her identity (which sometimes could be a relative cultural practice). I believe for us to achieve total tolerance and acceptance as a society, while maintaining our diversity we must expand our definitions of normal repeatedly as the composition of our society changes with time and we as people evolve. As I was once a newly arrived Immigrant I know how hard the culture shock can be when someone first sets foot in Canada. Coming from the Middle East to Canada it was such a culture shock for me because I’m coming from a country in which the women & men have prescribed national attire when in public. This image uniting the exterior appearance of everyone, in itself sets a definition of what I’m accustomed to be normal public attire. Furthermore, women rely heavily on men in their families for transportation, travel, marriage and general legal identity of a woman is unfortunately highly dependent on the presence of a male guardian. This is...
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...norms provide basics for judgement by humans. The novel rejects the feminist codes normally associated with motherhood. In the world we live in, we come across different societal cultures and norms, in this very essay we discuss the negative aspects of women adhering to societal norms and how women all round the world are likely to end up like Nnu Ego. Nigeria is a larger country with different cultures where some believe the first born child must be a girl, while others also believe in sending off their female children as soon as their ready for marriage. Such actives have been responsible for many societal problems faced in Nigeria. The novel by Buchi Emecheta shows us the violence that our culture causes makes people to develop some kind of violence against people who do not follow cultural norms, a good example was when it was time for Agunwa to be buried, Nwokocha Agbadis eldest wife who is said to have died due to the unpleasant scene of her husband and Ona. It’s a culture in their land that the personal slaves of Agunwa be buried with her as she will need them in her afterlife, they have a belief that good slaves will jump into the grave willingly, but this beautiful girl had begged for her life and refused to enter her owners grave, in anger as to why the slave refused to compile with the normal culture, her eldest son is forced to react and uses his cutlass to strike the slave girl on her face while he kept on shouting angrily, ”so my mother would...
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