...Travel and Tourism Management Sustainable Tourism Development Title: Sustainable Tourism Development Table of contents: Task 1 – Principles of Sustainable Tourism Task 2 – Tourism Impacts Case Studies Task 1 a. Introduction Tourism is one of the world’s fastest growing industries and an important source of foreign exchange and employment for many developing countries. b. Sustainable tourism is tourism that leads to the management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems. Ecotourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a subset of sustainable tourism which focuses on ecology. Ecotourism tends to be encountered in destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attraction. Pro-poor tourism (PPT) is used as a short hand for the opportunities which enable the economically poor to engage in, and benefit from, tourism. PPT is tourism which provides net benefits for the economically poor; the term 'net benefits' is used because there are often losses of livelihood opportunities associated with tourism, such as loss of seashore and fishing access, agricultural land or access to natural resources in national parks. Available from: http://www.iztzg.hr/en/odrzivi_razvoj/sustainable_tourism/ : http://propoortourism...
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...Financial crisis in Tourism |Student: |Professor: | |Mr. Samaras Giannis | November, 2011. Content: 1. Financial crisis in Tourism- Introduction 2 2. How the crisis affects tourism 3 3. A Strategic Approach for the Global Tourism Industry to Overcome the Global Economic Crisis: A 10-Point Plan for Tourism Recovery 5 4. Money-saving trends in tourism 6 5. References 9 1. Financial crisis in Tourism- Introduction Tourism is especially vulnerable to economic uncertainty and volatility for a simple reason. Most travel and tourism involves discretionary expense. During tough economic times people conserve their cash to cover the essentials of life, food, shelter and family necessities. However, this does not mean that tourism stops. The trend that we have learned from past crises whether we refer to past economic crises or the global tourism scare resulting from the events of 9/11 is that people continue to travel but they will travel differently from the way they do during times of economic buoyancy. Those tourism and hospitality businesses which will survive and indeed thrive in the months ahead are those which can adapt because there are always winners and losers in any outbreak of economic volatility. ...
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...Tourism Impact on Economy | Table of Contents 1. Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 3 2. Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 3- 4 3. Methods------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 4- 6 4. Results--------------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 6- 13 5. Discussions--------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 13- 14 6. Limitations--------------------------------------------------------------------------pg.14 7. Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 14- 15 8. References--------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 16-17 9. Appendix----------------------------------------------------------------------------pg. 18 * 1) Abstract The purpose of this report is to examine the effect that tourism has on the economy, including its’ pros and cons. Furthermore, we also addressed one of the major concerns of the tourism industry, the sustainability of tourism, which affects an economy’s growth and planning. We utilized multiple methods in order to research this topic. We first found and read an array of key journal articles that addressed the economic effects of tourism that is found from different websites and...
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...Economic impacts of Tourism Page # 1 Economic Impacts of Tourism Daniel J. Stynes Businesses and public organizations are increasingly interested in the economic impacts of tourism at national, state, and local levels. One regularly hears claims that tourism supports X jobs in an area or that a festival or special event generated Y million dollars in sales or income in a community. “Multiplier effects” are often cited to capture secondary effects of tourism spending and show the wide range of sectors in a community that may benefit from tourism. Tourism’s economic benefits are touted by the industry for a variety of reasons. Claims of tourism’s economic significance give the industry greater respect among the business community, public officials, and the public in general. This often translates into decisions or public policies that are favorable to tourism. Community support is important for tourism, as it is an activity that affects the entire community. Tourism businesses depend extensively on each other as well as on other businesses, government and residents of the local community. Economic benefits and costs of tourism reach virtually everyone in the region in one way or another. Economic impact analyses provide tangible estimates of these economic interdependencies and a better understanding of the role and importance of tourism in a region’s economy. Tourism activity also involves economic costs, including the direct costs incurred by tourism businesses...
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...abundance of studies that show how tourism greatly impacts environmental sustainability in various ways. The purpose of this report is to explore and analyze the activities that occur in the tourism industry as a whole, which cause a negative impact on the environment. Tourism and the environment are interrelated in a complex way, with many variables. This report will address three main issues. This first issue is how the tourism industry faces a conflict of interest between investors wanting short-term return on investment and environmentally sustainable management. Second, environmental issues are often times limited to only natural environment, with a major focus on pollution, global climate change, resources consumption, and habitat/ecosystems. These issues remain very important, however, in order for effective environmentally sustainable management to take place, a broader topic of sustainability must be covered which includes dimensions of economics, equity and environment. This report will explain how ecotourism aims to address these issues. The third issue is “greenwashing.” A lack of standardization in ecotourism allows for some companies to deceive customers into thinking they have implement environmentally sustainable practices, when in reality they are simply taking advantage of the rising popularity of ecotourism to boost revenues. This paper will explore what has been done so far to address sustainability issues and what practices tourism operators need to adopt to become...
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...the travel and tourism sector 2 Role of the Government in Tourism 2 Role of the government bodies 4 Roles of International Agencies 5 United Nations (UN) 6 United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 6 World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) 6 Driving the Agenda - raising awareness of travel and tourism industry as a revenue generator. 7 The Facilitator: educating industry participants. 7 The Networking Forum 7 Q 2.2 Illustrate how local and national economic policy has an effect on the success of the travel and tourism sector 8 GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC POLICY AND TOURISM 8 • Direct Influence 8 Taxation (remove money) 8 Infrastructure investment and maintenance (inject money) Government spending on tourism 8 Tourism development 9 • Indirect Influence 9 Q 2.3 Analyse the implications of political change on the travel and tourism sector in various countries 10 Impact of political change on the travel and tourism industry 10 IRAN 10 CHINA 11 Reference and Bibliography 12 Q 2.1 Explain the role of government, government sponsored bodies and international agencies on the travel and tourism sector Role of the Government in Tourism The role of the government, according to traditional political theory, is concerned with maintaining law and order, defence, internal communication and transport infrastructure, and economic redistribution. All of these affect tourism. There are two levels in the role of government in tourist industry which can be MARCO...
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...theory and practice of Strategic Planning in Tourism. Introduction Tourism is simply defined as the travel for variety of purposes such as: leisure, recreational and business. It is the fastest growing industry worldwide. In other words, tourism refers to all sorts of trips done by residents of a country for non-migratory purposes both within the country and abroad thus, includes all journeys exceeding 24 hours for business, health, recreation, or study purposes. (WTO, 1986). Clearly the tourism definition has not yet stabilized. (Beaver 2005). Similarly, Tourism is a lucrative economic activity where international corporations and hospitality industry in the global travel is dominant. (Jaakson 1998). Franklin (2003) argues that tourism is no longer something that occurs away from everyday life rather tourism is everyday activity that has turned out to be one of the ways in which our life functions. Tourism helps in bringing both economic and non-economic benefits and costs to the host destination. Tourism is considered as the fabric to most of the industries including transportation, the food industry, clothing and retail, sports, health care, etc. Unlike other industry, tourism plays a significant role in variety of industries with multi-functioning abilities; particularly in media sector- travel section of Newspaper contains various advertisements on tourism. Thus, media is considered to be very effective way of marketing tourism so as to gain benefits and even to other...
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...PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Introduction In the wake of globalization and economic restructuring highlighted by the current global financial crisis, many countries and communities are trying to redefine and rebuild their economies. To save the country from continuous economic downfall which brings chain of problems such as increased unemployment rate, poverty, further destruction of the natural resources and lack of peace and order, the government together with the community shall take initiatives to think, plan and implement alternatives to address the problem. To meet the present needs of the people without sacrificing the natural resources for the future generations, the program must take the idea of sustainable development which is now one of the emerging trends in the economy. In terms of sustainable development, many countries nowadays, find tourism industry as one tool. Tourism, as defined in the Poverty Alleviation for Sustainable Tourism Development Manual of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia Pacific, is a socio-economic phenomenon comprised of the activities and experiences of tourists and visitors away from their home environment, serviced by the travel and tourism industry and host destinations. Tourism offers various economic, social, cultural and physical environmental benefits which can be generated from the array of services, also called tourism supply. Tourism supply components are classified into five (5) main categories: (1) natural resources...
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...The Negative and Positive Effects of Tourism Submitted by Arianne Smith DeVry University Tourism Management, Warren John Fall 2011 Abstract The current research paper covers the main effects of global tourism, both positive and negative. International tourism is a significant sector of business. For some countries it is one of the main sources of national income. The most important positive economic effects of tourism are as follows: increase in budget revenues, production expansion, stimulation of investments, and improvement in the population’s welfare. Tourism influences social and cultural lives of people in a positive way by stimulating the development and revival of local cultures and encouraging intercultural exchange. Tourism has both positive and negative effects on the environment. Among the negative effects of tourism, the most important ones are inflation, financial leakage, infrastructure costs, and economic dependence. Political issues can also arise because of tourism. The countries should be aware of the negative effects of tourism in order to avoid them. Keywords: international tourism, environment, economic effect, leakage, tourist infrastructure. Table of Contents Introduction 2 The Negative and Positive Effects of Tourism 2 Positive Effects 2 Economic effects. 2 Environmental effects. 6 Cultural effects. 6 Social effects. 8 Negative Effects of Tourism 10 Political effects. 10 Inflation. 11 Financial leakage. 12 Increase...
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...The World Tourism Organization defines tourism as “the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited”. This year, 1 035 billion people will go to discover another country. Europe remains the preferred destination for those tourists who need to be patient to be able to visit the Acropolis or climb to the top of the Eiffel Tower. This practice has become almost commonplace today for a privileged part of the Western world. “The past 20 years have witnessed enormous changes in the world, and tourism principles and practice have also changed in that time, reflecting the dynamics of the world in which we now live”. (Fletcher, Fyall, Gilbert and Wanhill 2013: preface). In fifty years, the number of tourists has increased from 25 million in 1950 to 702 million in 2000. Today, the tourism industry represents more than a third of the whole world trade of services. Indeed, tourism accounted for 9 % of GDP and 1 in 11 global jobs. Over the past decade, the rate of international tourism increased by 4% on average, per year. By 2019, the World Tourism Organization expects that the sector will account for 10% of GDP, 1 in 10 global jobs and will supply 296 million jobs at the world level. These figures make it clear that the tourism industry has now become a major economic sector in its...
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...There are a number of ways in which economic policy could influence the success of the tourism industry. First, there are ways that economic policies a government takes can have a direct impact on tourism. This type of impact would occur when a government makes policies explicitly aimed at the tourism industry. For example, if a local government subsidises the building of a resort in a beach town, the tourist industry in that town will, presumably, benefit. Second, there are ways economic policy can indirectly affect tourism. For example, government monetary policies are most likely not aimed at tourism. However, if a government's monetary policies cause the exchange rate for its currency to fall, tourism will likely benefit. This is because the country's currency will become cheaper and vacations in that country will become less expensive for people in other countries. SELECTED PRESENTATIONS, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS - SEMINAR ON TOURISM POLICY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Introduction 1. This note presents the record of a seminar held on 6 and 7 March 2001 in Berlin, aimed at exploring the relationships between economic growth and tourism policy. The Seminar was organised by the OECD in partnership with the Canadian Tourism Commission, the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology of Germany, the Secretariat of State for Tourism of Mexico and the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs of Switzerland. 2. The objectives of the seminar were: * To learn more about...
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...facilities and identified sites for recreation and tourism development. • In 1977, the Lake Macquarie City council formed a Lake Macquarie tourist facilities development panel, the task of which was to identify and develop the tourism capacity of the local area. • Identify and investigate sites of potential tourism development and to advise on how tourism development might be achieved. B. Building Markets- A Demand-led Approach • By 1980s, tourism had become an important economic activity in many regional areas of Australia. Strong growth in international visitation, particularly from Asian and North American markets, drove a push to build tourism resorts and to increase yield by building integrated products and experiences. • These resort developments were usually characterized by high financial risk and long lead times before financial returns could be made and were targeted at international markets sensitive to international economic conditions. • Economic conditions weakened (most notably, interest rates rose and investor confidence weakened) market demand fluctuated and the developer went into receivership before the proposal received final approvals. C. Building and Empowering Industry- An Industry-led Approach • Early 1990s, the council renewed its commitment to addressing tourism in a more strategic manner. It hired a tourism officer and a tourism planning strategy was prepared by a consultant,...
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...Indian Tourism Industry Anurag Dugar* Competitiveness is a comparative concept, primarily applicable at the company or firm level (McFetridge, 1995) and indicates towards its willingness and ability to compete in a given market, but the contemporary usage of this term has extended its traditional meaning to new dimensions. However, for one school of thought, competitiveness is equally applicable to all business enterprises, levels of government and nonprofit agencies and workers of the postmodern nation state. (Hillman C. H. 1992), but for another the underlying premise for competitiveness is - ‘firms compete, and not nations’, for example, according to Krugman - "The world's leading nations are not, to any important degree, in economic competition with each other" (Wikipedia). Similarly, Porter holds that - diversified corporate do not compete; only their business units do. Thus, according to the second school of thought competition occurs at the business unit level and hence the ‘corporate strategy’ must reinforce and focus on nurturing the competitiveness of each (business) unit. From this perspective, Nations can be visualized as diversified conglomerates and its sectors, industries and firms as its diverse business units, and then the role, relevance, importance and impact of “Government Policies” (Corporate Strategy), on the competitiveness of its sectors, industries and firms (business units) is clearly elaborated and India (as a conglomerate) and its Tourism Industry (one...
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...introduction The Tourism Industry has become one of the most lucrative industries in the country. In fact a record 982 million international tourists traveled the world in 2011, an increase of 4.69% compared to 2010 WTC. Tourism has also been a driving force of job creation across the world in the service industry such as transportation services, airlines, cruise ships and taxicabs; hospitality services, such as accommodations, including hotels and resorts; and entertainment venues, such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, music venues and theatres Wikipedia. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council in 2011 Travel & Tourism directly supported 3.3% of jobs, not including the indirect contribution of jobs supported by travel & tourism creating 8.7% of total employment WTTC. The purpose of this research paper aims to the understanding of Tourism differences and similarities of the U.S. and France, but not limited to the overall outlook of tourism. As highlighted within the report you will understand TT policies, how tourism has a direct effect on the social, geographical, and economic sectors both national and international. Based on an economic perspective tourism bring an enormous amount of revenue for goods and services accounting for 30% of the world's exports of services, and 6% of overall exports of goods and services WTTC. This impact is driven by many travel organizations and travelers desire for leisure, wellness, business and social travel...
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...brought to you by www.bdresearch.org Eco-Tourism: An Investigation into the Conceptual Framework and Policy Requirements for its Growth in Bangladesh Golam Moinuddin* Halima Begum** Abstract Sustainability considerations have been making ways in each and every development initiative in the last two-decades or so. In line of this trend, the concept of eco-tourism emerged and later on, turned out to be an environment friendly and economically beneficial industry taking over a considerable bulk of mass-tourism activity and offsetting some of its negativities. Such a transformation has ultimately positioned eco-tourism to be the substitute of mass-tourism in many tourist destinations. In view of such reality, this article attempts to investigate on the conceptual dynamics and benefits of eco-tourism and explores reflective state of these theoretical underpinnings on the basis of two case studies drawn from successful eco-tourist destinations. In light of such investigative out-puts, the article focuses on the prospects of eco-tourism industry and makes an effort to provide a broad policy framework for the development of the same in Bangladesh. It identifies areas of intervention required in promoting the eco-tourism industry in the country. Finally, it attempts to define and differentiate the respective roles of the private and public sectors in the flourishment and sustainable growth of the sector in the country. Introduction Tourism industry contributes considerably to the society...
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