...the people for their basic leadership. This paper represents the case study of Edward Snowden who is a defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton, leaked very confidential information about the activities of USA’s National Security Agency (NSA). In June 2013, Snowden confessed to passing characterized records to columnists at The Guardian and The Washington Post—revealing the details of NSA observation programs that gather and perform information mining on a huge number of U.S. telephone calls and Internet...
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... A proposal prepared by Team Underachievers Shea Polansky Gabriela Cde Baca Jacob Nevarez Elliot Nicholas For Dr. Natasha Jones University of New Mexico 2014-10-21 Team Underachievers Memo TO:Dr. Natasha Jones FROM:Team Underachievers DATE:2014-10-7 SUBJECT:Proposal PURPOSE:To acquaint you with our proposal Dear Dr. Jones, Edward Snowden’s leaks about the National Security Agency’s mass surveillance programs created a global debate about privacy, security, and safety. The NSA has the capability to read email, snoop on private social network conversations, observe phone call records, and track the physical locations of citizens not charged nor suspected of any crime, without so much as a warrant. Worse, the demographic most affected this level of snooping on our digital lives, the 18-24 year-old college crowd, is the least knowledgeable and most politically apathetic about the issue. This is a recipe for disaster, and this proposal seeks funding for an awareness campaign that will address it. This campaign will raise awareness about mass surveillance and the Snowden disclosures. We will use posters and flyers to dry attention to the issue. We will use the University of New Mexico as a testing ground, using before and after surveys to gauge effectiveness. If the campaign proves successful, we will recruit volunteers and raise a second round of funding to bring the campaign to college campuses across the nation. Team Underachievers would...
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...Cybercrime Law, Regulation, Effects on Innovation Human Aspects in Cybersecurity: Ethics, Legal Issues, and Psychology CSEC 620 9024 Summer Semester May 18, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 1 The Role of the Government in Protecting National Security 1 Acceptance of Government Intervention on Protecting National Security 2 Reaction to the Security Intervention on the Private Sector 3 Impacts/Effects of Government Regulations to Private Industries 4 Compliance Measures to Protect National Security 5 Responsibility to Protect National Security 5 Conclusion 6 Introduction Government has the responsibility to protect its national security and citizen. This could be done by providing policies and procedural guidance to private industries. This relationship between government and private industry are not conflict immune as the balance between protecting the national interest and invading privacy is in question. Senior management from the private industry caught in between making the right decision to protect their customer or investing in cyber security. This research paper covers the impact of government regulations, security laws, and legal concepts on the private sector to protect national security and its interpretation and acceptance by the public. The Role of the Government in Protecting National Security The US government invested a lot to protect its critical infrastructure from cyberattack by creating and implementing policies...
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...Journal - Week 1, Due 09.28.2014 Beginner’s Guide to Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses Beginner’s Guide to Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses. (2011, Mar. 04). Retrieved on September 26. 2014 from ICANN site: https://www.icann.org/resources/files/ip-addresses-beginners-guide-2011-03-04-en The Beginner’s Guide to IP Addresses is a publication by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the private sector, non-profit corporation which assumes responsibility for IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions. The publication is part of the Beginner’s Guide series, published in the interest of educating new users about internet issues. The document details IP addresses, why we need them, protocol version history, implementation/distribution methods, and how these topics affect users. This particular concept is not new to me, but reading the document provided a ‘refresher course’ on topics that I have not recently studied. I use this information and technology on a daily basis - but through the course of use it is easy to step away from the fundamental details. In follow up reading, I find myself curious about the success of implementing IPv6 addressing. I know that it can be done, but have not seen a great deal of evidence that it is being done. As of June, 2014 the percentage of users accessing Google via IPv6 reached a milestone. 4%. While the 4% mark...
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...journalists. The bills primary sponsor, Sen. Dianne Feinstein, said the bill should only cover “real journalists.” Sen. Chuck Schumer, a co-sponsor of the bill, disagreed, saying “The world has changed… there are people who write and do real journalism, in different ways than we’re used to. They should not be excluded from this bill.” These provisions were eventually taken out and judges were given the most of the power in deciding who qualifies. Still, employment by a media organization is still a central theme in the law, defined as having an “employment relationship” with a news organization for one year in the past twenty years or three months in the past five years, or having a “substantial track record” of freelance work. However with just days left in the 113th Congress, it is unlikely that anything is going to pass in the House of Representatives and a new bill will be have to be introduced in January of 2015 for anything to happen. It’s difficult to craft a federal shield law because the definition of a journalist needs to encompass both traditional and non-traditional journalists but still exclude someone like WikiLeaks and Julian Assange. It has been speculated by Sen. Schumer himself that the Senate bill in its current form would probably not protect Glenn Greenwald, the British journalist who first published that Verizon was required to provided data to the NSA as well as publishing several stories with documents he obtained from Edward Snowden. Many states generally...
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...Data Collection and Surveillance Andrew John Martin UNCW Computer Science Department Abstract The purpose of the research is to see if the mass collection and surveillance of U.S citizens legal and ethical. The goal is to have a better understanding of the how data is collected, and the what the Fourth Amendment means. This is done by examining several aspects of the Fourth Amendment, and recent articles on the NSA. Upon examination, it becomes clear that the NSA is indeed breaching the rights of lawful U.S citizens. Through showing that the Fourth Amendment protects the U.S citizens against such actions. Key Words: NSA, Fourth, Amendment, warrant, PRISM, Edward, Snowden. The NSA collects millions of American phone, internet, and personal information. They do this by using a system call PRISM which allows them to collect this data through several different internet websites. However, many believe this is in complete violation of the Fourth Amendment which protects against unwarranted searches and seizures. The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides, "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." The ultimate goal of this provision is to protect people’s...
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...He said “soft power arises in large part from our value”, which could be “antithetical to the score values of another country or culture. The imposition of one country’s value to another is known as ‘Cultural imperialism’”. (Kaufman) This could be one of the reason why the United States is the primary target of terrorism. In response to the 1996 suicide bombing of an Air Force housing, the Defense Department issues an report noted that “'historical data show a strong correlation between U.S. involvement in international situations and an increase in terrorist attacks against the United States.” (Atran). The United States has always maintained a unilaterally strategy towards terrorism. In State of the Union Address 2015, President Obama said “We will continue ... to hunt down terrorists and dismantle their networks, and we reserve the right to act unilaterally, as we have done relentlessly since I took office, to take out terrorists who pose a direct threat to us and our allies.” Also, there are the “We Don’t Negotiate with Terrorists”...
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...Casey Boyle Federal Government Final Mind map: Internet Privacy Law Internet privacy has been a major issue since the movement of the internet into mainstream culture since the early 1990s. We have basically the entire world on the internet now, let alone America itself, and it really is a massive social experiment. We have nothing to compare the internet to throughout history and governments are debating and experimenting on how best to govern this incredible evolution of communication. It is important to remember that the internet really is quite new. The benchmarks we set now are extremely important to the rest of history on this planet because like it or not, the internet is definitely here to stay. The world has rapidly become dependent on its functioning. This is why internet privacy law is so important. We are establishing standards that our progeny will have to live with for years and years to come. The current state of internet privacy is a bit blurry because there are many factors at play here. We have many interest groups, concerns, and legal issues to consider. The legal issues we are looking at when talking about privacy on the internet are primarily free speech, and whether the government or organizations have the right to track your personal information. If they do have that right, how much information can they use and how can they use it? The reason we are dealing with free speech here is because there is a question as to what all can be broadcast in the...
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...The Current Problems with Network Security and How We Can Fix Them Abstract Network Security has come a long way from the times when their wasn’t a need to worry about networks being attacked, and now to the current evolution of people where it’s not if your network will be attacked, it is when. The Current Problems with Network Security and How We Can Fix Them Network Security is defined by Sans Institute as the process of taking physical and software preventative measures to protect the underlying networking infrastructure from unauthorized access, misuse, malfunction, modification, destruction, or improper disclosure, thereby creating a secure platform for computers, users and programs to perform their permitted critical functions within a secure environment (SANS, 2014). As you can see with that definition the meaning can interpreted many different ways, so with this paper I will describe what network security is and how we can fix the ongoing problems. Current State of Network Security Before you fix or document any problems with network security you must first evaluate the current state of the problems we face. Most networks are somewhat secure, meaning they have the resources to make them nearly “bullet-proof”, but due to current policies within organizations, the information technology team is unable to enforce maximum security due to employees needing to plug their IPod’s in, charge their cell phones, and access social media sites, etc. the list could go...
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...Gould concludes that as time progresses, these permanent restrictions will not only “concern Americans, but also may turn them against government officials and civic participation” (74). As stated before, in response to future terrorist threats, President Bush and Congress passed what is called the USA Patriot Act, “described by Attorney General John Ashcroft as a package of tools urgently needed to combat terrorism” (74). The Patriot Act was passed in 2001, and with its passing came various changes regarding how and what law enforcement agencies are permitted to do with obtained information. One change specifies that the standards revolving around wiretapping may be lowered. Previously, the FBI could only obtain a court order if its primary purpose was to gather information through wiretapping. Now, the Patriot Act allows wiretapping only if a significant purpose involves information gathering. This new policy means that people “merely suspected of working with terrorists or spies may be wiretapped” (74). Continuing, Gould states law enforcement may access an individual’s internet communications as long as the officials can confirm to a court the information is relevant to an ongoing investigation. This may seem just, however this standard is far lower than...
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...always been a huge problem. The Prohibition is what got organized crime started with everyone wanting to bootleg. It is a growing trend in today’s society. The Mafia was one of the first well known crime groups in the 1970’s and was one of the most powerful one at that. Gangs are getting smarter at keeping their criminal activities under the radar to law enforcement and to ordinary citizens. Business owners are starting to get involved in illegal activity over greed. Organized crime is taking over all over the world and drugs are a big factor. Identify the problems presented and the various relationships established by organized crime. The FBI defines organized crime “as any group having some manner of a formalized structure and whose primary objective is to obtain money through illegal activities” (Organized Crime). Organized crime just does not affect those in a gang or those doing illegal activities. IT affects everyone as a whole, locales, region, or the entire country. The Tsarnaev brothers were part of the Al Qaeda group, they killed four people at one of the biggest marathon in the United States and it affected the nation. The various relationships established by organized crime are cargo theft, fraud, robbery, kidnapping for ransom, and the demanding of protection payments. Describe the legal limitations associated with combating organized crime, including a critique of major federal laws and strategies that support this effort. The legal limitations associated with...
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...Abstract In this paper we will discuss the ethics and issues surrounding Wikileaks and Facebook and attempt to resolve the question of “Would our group work for both, either, or neither”? Particular focus shall be given in the following aspects; Privacy, Freedom of expression, online activism or slacktivism and social media, core principles of Wikileaks and Facebook and whether they have changed, and finally a conclusion drawing on the former to discuss the key moral issues and come to a statement of who, if any, our group would work for. PRIVACY Although as (Quinn, 2012) states we have more privacy today than what our forefathers had; it appears that Privacy may have reached its peak and is now beginning to recede. There are two main factors to consider with privacy, one is the Information that we give away, the other is the information that is taken. (Rauhofer, 2008) raises the idea that any ignorance towards privacy loss could be associated with a group mentality towards risk acceptance. In other words “all of my friends do it so it must be ok”. You could even go so far to say that there is Social Contract Theory within most ICT and Social Medial sites. (Quinn, 2012) states that Social Contract Theory has two components, moral rules (Privacy agreements, and privacy legislation) and an entity to enforce the rules (the site provider and the Government). The issue with this thinking is that very few people read or even understand the privacy agreements or law and everyone...
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...Bowie State University Department of Management Information Systems INSS 887: Emerging Issues in Information Security Assignment #3 Summer Session, 2014 Instructions: Answer each question thoroughly. Points will be deducted for fragmentary answers. The completed assignment should be submitted in the designated Drop Box by midnight on Sunday, July 27, 2014. 1. ABC Corporation has a thorough security plan for the primary and recovery systems used to ensure that even during a recovery the information is protected. Comprehensive plans are only a part of its efforts in securing recovery. Assuming that ABC will use contract employees for part of the recovery, describe how the company can mitigate the threat from using contract employees. 2. Britain plans to establish a dedicated military unit to counter cyber attacks. The unit will comprise of hundreds of computer experts to help defend Britain's national security. The plan is for the "cyber reservists" to work alongside regular forces in the new Joint Cyber Reserve Unit in a bid to protect key computer networks and safeguard data. According to Prime Minister David Cameron, the new capability would be able to "counter-attack in cyber-space and, if necessary, to strike in cyber-space as part of our full-spectrum military capability". "In response to the growing cyber threat, we are developing a full-spectrum military cyber capability, including a strike capability, to enhance the UK's range of military capabilities...
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...Khalif Nunnally-Rivera The American Civil Liberties Union: Strategy and Vision The American Civil Liberties Union, otherwise known as the ACLU, has an extensive and influential history in the United States. The ACLU has ambitious legislative goals in the near future. In order to accomplish these goals, this interest group must fight vigorously for the public’s hearts and minds, as well as the democratic power of Congress. The organization started in the year 1920 after years of anti-war protests and the Red Scare that lead to the infamous Palmer Raids. A group of citizens banded together with the purpose of protecting the basic rights of everyday Americans. While initially, most of the ACLU’s support was directed towards socialist and communist rights, the organization eventually expanded to include minority groups oppressed by discrimination, women’s rights groups, and virtually any citizen who felt their civil liberties had been violated. The goal of the ACLU is to make sure that everyone in the United States is equally protected by the Bill of Rights from government abuse. Although the ACLU is a non-partisan organization, its views tend to typically lean towards the left, and many of its supporters tend to be either liberal or libertarian (votesmart.org). The interest group tends to run into controversy often since it is willing to defend the rights of certain infamous groups such as the Neo-Nazis and the Ku Klux Klan. It’s important to note that the American Civil...
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...the United States began giving several hundred million dollars a year to the Afghan Mujahedin insurgents fighting the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and the Soviet Army (Abehind). Bin Ladin released a video in 2004 saying that Al-Qaeda was responsible for 9/11. The terrorists were Islamic from Saudi Arabia also other nation. Some effects that this had is an ongoing war. The United States has been fighting with Al-Qaeda for 11 years from 2003-2011 and to this day there are still troops over in Saudi Arabia. America has made many changes over the previous years since 9/11. One of the many changes made was security, as in security in the airports more cameras, etc. Domestic spying is another effect that was brought out by Edward Snowden in 2013. This allows the government to listen to phone conversations and Inspect emails.(Poladian) Tourism after 9/11 decreased for a couple years because people were afraid to come to America after the tragedy had happened, but later started to grow in 2007. Security is much more intense too for those people that are coming into America from another country and it is harder for them to get in. People can't blame America for making this rule, but the one thing we can really change how we think of other people. We have to get in their shoes for once also and ask yourself how they feel when they aren't doing anything and being judged. The effects that this had on this country were crucial. This caused mourning and drastic changes...
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