...Edwards Syndrome: Trisomy Eighteen Congenital abnormalities constitute for many genetic defects during conception. During the process of Meiosis, cell division of a diploid cell occurs, which results in a four haploid progeny cells. These cells have half of the genetic information from the original parental diploid cell (Pearson School 2011). Twenty-three chromosomes are present in each cell. Once the sperm and the egg meet, Meiosis begins. This process of splitting cells and DNA replication can result in genetic information to be transferred, deleted, or relocated on accident. Twenty-three chromosomes from the father and twenty-three chromosomes from the mother combined, resulting in forty-six chromosomes in each cell. A congenital abnormality that results from an extra copy of chromosome eighteen is called Edwards’ disease or Trisomy eighteen. During Meiosis, chromosome eighteen is duplicated three times, causing developmental issues that are life threatening. This genetic defect in most cases causes the fetus to be stillborn at birth (Trisomy 18 foundation, 2010). According to Thomas Weiss, “Edwards' syndrome is associated with a broad spectrum of abnormalities which consist of greater than one-hundred and thirty discrete defects involving the brain, heart, craniofacial structure, kidneys and stomach.” The purpose of this paper is to examine what Edward’s syndrome is: diagnosing, symptoms, treatment/management and prognosis. Diagnosing Diagnosing a Trisomy Eighteen infant...
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...leaves not much time for learning because the toileting, hygiene, and eating do take a big part of the day. The teachers usually have a full time assistant in the classroom or two depending on the need in the classroom; this helps the Special Education teacher complete tasks in the classroom. The teacher can work on a student one on one and the assistant can help with the other students needs. (Severe Intellectual Disabilities and Multiple Diablites, 2007) Some of the intellectual disabilities that teachers may encounter I have found are ADHD (Attention Deficit hyperactivity Disorder), Angel man syndrome, Aspersers Syndrome, Autism, Cri Du Char, Down Syndrome, Dysphasia, Dyspraxia, Epilepsy, Fragile X, Klinefelter Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Prader-willi Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, Trismoy, Soto’s Syndrome, Tourette Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis, and Williams Syndrome. (Activ, 2001) References Activ (2001) Types of Intellectual Disabilities. Retrieved on July 13, 2001 from http://www.activ.asn.au/3/3017/8/types_of_intellectual_disability.pm Severe Intellectual Disabilities and Multiple Disabilities. Pat Mimms. Retrieved from Special Education for Today’s Teachers: An Introduction, by Michael S. Rosenberg, D avid L. Westling, and James M cLeskey....
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...Doctors have been left baffled after a Chinese pensioner woke from a two-week coma speaking perfect English - but not a word of her native language. Liu Jieyu, 94, had been unconscious for a fortnight after suffering a stroke, which doctors had feared she may not recover from. When she finally awoke, the retired teacher asked in perfect English: 'Where am I? What is happening?' Surprised doctors were left even more confused when it became clear Ms Jieyu - who used to teach English - had lost all ability to speak her native Chinese. An English-speaking doctor was brought in to talk to the pensioner, who confirmed she was speaking the language perfectly - although a little slowly. Her shocked family say while Ms Jieyu had taught English previously, she had not spoken the language in more than 30 years. They say said she had stopped using English after retiring to live with her family on the outskirts of the city of Changsha, in southern China's Hunan province. RELATED ARTICLES Medic Tao Hou, 45, said: 'I can't ever remember having a case like this before but we anticipate with proper rehabilitation and rest she should regain the ability to speak Chinese. 'We assume that the area dealing with her ability to speak Chinese has been damaged, but brain cells to have an ability to repair themselves to a certain extent we would hope to see at least some improvement.' Ms Jieyu was admitted to hospital after suffering a type of stroke called a cerebral infarction, where the blood...
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...My report is on Cri Du Chat Syndrome. I believe that this type of disease will be very interesting to learn about. This type of syndrome is French for “Cry of the Cat” Children with this condition often have a high pitched cry that sounds like a cat. Cri du Chat Syndrome can affect a male or female. Cri du Chat is one of the most common syndromes caused by a chromosomal deletion. It affects between 1 in 20,000 and 1 in 50,000 babies. Approximately 50 to 60 children are born with cri du chat syndrome in the United States each year. This type of syndrome can be found in both races. An abnormal larynx causes the unusual cat-like cry made by infants this is an sign that the child may have this syndrome. In addition to the catlike cry, individuals...
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...To the parents of Madison Rigby, Congratulations on your new member of your family. Your baby has recently been diagnosed with Velocardiofacial syndrome. It is also commonly called DiGeorge syndrome or Deletion syndrome. It is caused by a deletion of chromosome 22q11 or chromosome 22. It happens when a small piece of genetic material is missing. Because there is a copy of this chromosome from each parent something could've gone wrong in the sperm cell or egg cell. It is completely random. Some symptoms of this disease are: Heart defects, cleft palate or lip, breathing problems, delayed speech and growth, and learning difficulty. This can be passed down from parent to child so if your child were to reproduce there is a 50-50 chance that it...
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... There are different types of trauma acute which is a single event that lasts for a limited time, chronic which is multiple events over a longer period of time and complex which begins at a young age cause by adult’s negligence. In Hebrews chapter 11 and 1 says now faith is the substance of things hope for and evidence of things not seen. In some cultures they believe that faith is their medicine to help them alleviate some of their traumatic events. Developmental delay refers to a child not achieving developmental milestone at the normal age range. There are five developmental delays, gross motor, fine motor, language, cognitive and social. Genetic plays a factors in some developmental delays such as Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, rett syndrome, and muscular dystrophy. These multiple delays influence physical, and social developments. An example of a delay could be if the child was born prematurely, or if the mother had an infections like chlamydia and passed it to the baby during birth. If a mother experience any trauma during pregnancy or during birth like being exposed to drugs and alcohol. Unhealthy home environments where children are exposed to unsanitary conditions, poverty or malnutrition are observable factors that can lead to growth delays. Feldman (2014) Reference: (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2015, from http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-developmental-delay-in-children-definition-causes-symptoms.html Feldman, R. S. (2014). Development...
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...what causes Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) as well as considering the symptoms and treatments. PWS is a genetic disorder affecting chromosome 15 within three mutations. It could result from a microdeletion or disruption of genes of the paternal chromosome 15, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15, or a mutation that inactivates chromosome 15 on the paternal copy. Based on these mutations, the most common symptoms of this syndrome are behavioral problems, intellectual disability, and short stature. The majority of the treatments for this syndrome are programs and methods interventions. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder that is...
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...What is Patau Syndrome? Patau syndrome, also known as 'Trisomy 13,' is a form of genetic disorder in which all or a portion of the person's chromosome thirteen appears three times instead of twice in the cells of their body. In some people who are affected by the syndrome, only a percentage of the cells may contain the extra thirteenth chromosome, referred to as 'mosaicism'. The extra material interferes with the person's regular process of development, which leads to severe intellectual disability and physical abnormalities in a number of parts of their body. Patau syndrome is considered as the 3rd commonest autosomal trisomy. This along with Down syndrome (T21) and Edward syndrome (T18) which are the only three trisomies to be compatible with extra-uterine life. Patau syndrome occurs in approximately one out of every ten-thousand to sixteen-thousand infants. Most conditions of Patau Syndrome cannot be inherited. During the formation of the sperm or egg, a problem with cell division can cause an extra chromosome 13 in the cells. This is not the fault of the parent, but rather a random occurrence. Another type of Patau Syndrome can be inherited. Translocation trisomy 13 can happen when an unaffected parent carries a rearrangement of genetic material from chromosome 13 and another chromosome and passes this material on to the child.Due to the presence of a number of life-threatening medical issues, many babies with Patau syndrome die in the first few days or weeks...
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...A fetus diagnosed with Edward’s Syndrome, named after John Hilton Edwards, spells certain suffering in the future for both the parents and child. Edward’s Syndrome, also known as Trisomy 18, is a rare condition that is caused by three copies of chromosome 18. 1 in 5000 live-born infants are affected by Edward’s Syndrome with even more not surviving the pregnancy or being terminated. A fetus with this condition does not grow and they do not develop their heart and kidney’s correctly in the mother’s womb. This can prove fatal to many babies with many not making it past a few months. Five to ten percent of children with Edward’s Syndrome live past their first year. These conditions force parents to make the tough decision to either keep the fetus...
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...Down’s Syndrome Sociology of Disability Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans. Down syndrome is called a few different names like Down’s syndrome and trisomy 21. It is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. Down syndrome is normally connected with growth delays, some intellectual disability and characteristic facial features. An average young adult living with Down syndrome has the mental age of an eight or nine year old child. The average intelligence quotient in a young adult with Down syndrome is fifty. Individuals living with Down’s syndrome also have a learning disability, which impairs their education. Every person is different and this can change from individual to individual. Babies born with Down syndrome are more likely to have certain heart defects or childhood leukemia. It is believed that Down syndrome has always existed. In 1866 an English doctor named John Langdon Down first published a description of the condition. The condition was named after him several years later. It was not until 1959 that Professor Lejeune proved that Down syndrome is actually a chromosomal irregularity and that the individuals with Down syndrome had forty-seven chromosomes where there are normally forty-six. Down’s syndrome affects people of all different races, ages, and economic background. People living with Down syndrome usually need to have a certain order. Many individuals need a certain routine...
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...Angelman syndrome Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe intellectual and developmental disability, sleep disturbance, seizures, jerky movements (especially hand-flapping), frequent laughter or smiling, and usually a happy demeanor. AS is a classic example of genomic imprinting in that it is caused by deletion or inactivation of genes on the maternally inherited chromosome 15 while the paternal copy, which may be of normal sequence, is imprinted and therefore silenced. The sister syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, is caused by a similar loss of paternally inherited genes and maternal imprinting. AS is named after a British pediatrician, Harry Angelman, who first described the syndrome in 1965.[1] An older, alternative term for AS, "happy puppet syndrome", is generally considered pejorative and stigmatizing so it is no longer the accepted term. People with AS are sometimes referred to as "angels", both because of the syndrome's name and because of their youthful, happy appearance Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), also known as Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy and peroneal muscular atrophy is one of the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies, a group of varied inherited disorders of theperipheral nervous system characterised by progressive loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation across various parts of the body. Currently incurable, this disease is the most commonly inherited neurological disorder...
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...When people first found out about Angelman syndrome they called it ‘happy puppet syndrome’ but when Harry Angelman discovered more about it the name turned into Angelman syndrome. When people have Angelman syndrome people have to alter their life to fit their necessities. Characteristics of Angelman syndrome causes peoples skin, eyes and hair to be very lightly colored. People with Angelman are usually are very happy all the time and clap a lot but need a lot of attention. The facial features are flat faced and their eyes are usually far apart from each other. The chromosome 15 and the gene UBE3A is the one cause this syndrome. People with Angelman will suffer from no to minimal speech, delayed development, seizures, stiff movements, and light...
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...Definition of Postcolonialism Postcolonialism is the study of the legacy of the era of European, and sometimes American, direct global domination, which ended roughly in the mid-20th century, and the residual political, socio-economic, and psychological effects of that colonial history. Postcolonialism examines the manner in which emerging societies grapple with the challenges of self-determination and how they incorporate or reject the Western norms and conventions, such as legal or political systems, left in place after direct administration by colonial powers ended. Ironically, much early postcolonial theory, with its emphasis on overt rejection of imposed Western norms, was tied to Marxist theory, which also originated in Europe. Contemporary studies focus more on the effects of postcolonial globalization and the development of indigenous solutions to local needs. INTRODUCTION (Enote) By definition, postcolonialism is a period of time after colonialism, and postcolonial literature is typically characterized by its opposition to the colonial. However, some critics have argued that any literature that expresses an opposition to colonialism, even if it is produced during a colonial period, may be defined as postcolonial, primarily due to its oppositional nature. Postcolonial literature often focuses on race relations and the effects of racism and usually indicts white and/or colonial societies. Despite a basic consensus on the general themes of postcolonial writing, however...
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...------------------------------------------------- Edwin w. edwards Louisiana Political Fraud August 25, 2013 Professor Cynthia waddell By: Christina Black August 25, 2013 Professor Cynthia waddell By: Christina Black Politics in Louisiana has and still remains to be today a controversial and interesting issue. Since statehood in 1812, Louisiana has been traditionally conservative and today remains to be marginally democratic. It has long been known for its toleration of corruption in government. In his manuscript, “Peapatch Politics: The Earl long Era in Louisiana Politics”, former Lieutenant Governor Bill Dodd describes corruption as "a way of life, inherited, and made quasi-respectable and legal by the French freebooters who founded, operated, and left us as the governmental blueprint that is still Louisiana's constitutional and civil law." Among the 50 United States, Louisiana ranks as number 15 with an overall grade of a C minus on the Corruption Risk Report Card. (Louisiana - Legislative Accountability, 2013) Serving as Louisiana’s fiftieth governor for four terms in 1972 to 1980 and 1984 to 1988, Edwin Washington Edwards, who is remembered by many as a colorful, powerful, and legendary figure in Louisiana politics, ended his sixteen years in office short of colorful and powerful. The former Governor of Louisiana, Edwards was subject to a near two dozen state and federal investigations beginning in 1960 when he held a Congress position. Edward’s fraud behaviors...
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...How are the following sociological themes explored in the film “The Iron Lady”? For each refer to societal problems and change and use as many sociological concepts as you can. The opening scene of the Iron Lady shows a frail and old Margret Thatcher. You can see the loss of ambition in the way she shuffles across the corner shop and the perception of her is that of a typical old lady who is very slow in movement. As the young, boisterous man pushes in front, you could argue that from a feminist point of view this is the typical behaviour of a man in today’s society. The man in this scene would, for a lot of feminists, be seen as very rude and patriarchal and would strengthen the argument that many feminists believe, a patriarchal society where the men are seen as the dominant gender through the idea of patriarchal ideology. Further on into the film, now a young women, Thatcher, after acquainting and furthermore flirting with a young Denis Thatcher, is seen at a meeting where she is patronised and condescended by the local Tory party grandees or high ranking Tories as a result of not taking Mrs Thatcher’s application to become a candidate for parliament seriously, this is undoubtedly due to the fact that she is a women. This, from a feminist point of view, would be seen as very much patriarchal and shows the complete disregard for Thatcher and her application, supposing that women are inferior to men and that even the attempt of a women trying to get a position in parliament...
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