...Exodus 20:1-17 King James Version (KJV) 20 And God spake all these words, saying, 2 I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. 3 Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 4 Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. 5 Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; 6 And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. 7 Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. 8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: 10 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: 11 For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. 12 Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee. 13 Thou shalt not kill. 14 Thou shalt not...
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...I am going to be discussing multicultural education in general, but focusing more on the aspect of English only vs. bilingual education in today’s classrooms. This topic has become more and more evident in today’s education system. The topic is pretty self-explanatory, English only vs. bilingual education. Should students in America be taught only in English, regardless of the student’s first language or nationality, or should there be some influence of bilingual education? In the 1990’s, the U.S. English Only started campaigns to promote multiculturalism under one language, English (Arce, 1998) These campaigns also propose the notion that every single aspect of public education in America should be strictly in English. Under this theory, education would be given in English regardless of age, ethnicity, sex, and English competency. Those who support this theory also feel very strongly that English should be the nationally endorsed language of the United States of America (Crawford, 1998). This movement stretches even outside the classroom. The English Only movement proposes to take all other language almost completely out of society. These same supporters, as you can imagine, also strongly associate with anti-immigration theories fearing the costs that may come with an increase in people on unemployment and welfare programs (p. 8). The movement has grabbed momentum, as evidenced in California’s passing of Proposition 227 which is an initiative to eliminate bilingual...
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...beginning of the 20th century bilingual education was the preferred method of teaching European immigrants who did not speak English. By 1910 German-English , French-English and Spanish-English schools were flourishing. World War I, however brought renewed patriotism and a fear of foreign governments and languages. By the end of the 1920’s most schools were English only despite the fact that the Congress ruled it unconstitutional to prohibit language instruction in a pupil’s native tongue. After decades of English only instruction that was failing the immigrants, the Bilingual Education Act was passed in 1968. This provided monetary support to the schools so that they could implement native language instruction to help the bourgeoning immigrant population. After so many years of English only instruction this proved to be difficult since few teachers were equipped to teach bilingually. The Canadian system was used as a model for this instruction however it did not work as well in California with Spanish speakers who were predominantly from lower socio-economic backgrounds. The Canadian system was designed for an affluent population who had developed a high literacy in their native language. Literacy learned in the native language translates to the language being learned (Lecture, 2013). By 1974 legislation required schools to implement programs to help the non-English speaking children to attain the necessary language skills to be successful. It was suggested that the schools use programs...
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...Alderine Holt ESL 223N 1/28/14 Mrs. Davis States voter-driven initiatives/laws relating to English language learner issues It has been a long debate and an important issue concerning English language learner from the school system to legislative forums, and there have been different policies and opinions for over forty years. Bilingual education is a method used to teach ELL students partly in their own language. The concept is that it will enhance their understanding of the curriculum and help them succeed in an English based classroom. The premise is that once the student is fairly competent in English they can progress in the classroom with their peers. Weather these programs are the best education method for ELL students this question has not been answered to address the issues concerning ELL students. The opponents of Bilingual Education believes that it is the ELL student right and need to make use of their native language to ease their transition into a English only education. The opponents also believe that the programs are hindering students’ ability to learn curriculum by keeping them in their native language too long. The Bilingual polices of today society are polices of the Bilingual Education Act of 1968 (Title VII). Congress passed the act as part of Civil Rights Title VI, which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or natural origins in programs or activities in any program receiving federal finical assistant. The Bilingual Education Act requires...
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...Differences between English and Japanese vowel and consonantal system 2.1. Similarities and Differences in Vowel System Vowels are the sounds in the production of which none of the articulators come very close together so the passage of air-stream is relatively unobstructed and the air can get out freely. Vowels are the type of sounds that depend mainly on the variations in the position of the tongue. They are normally voiced. Both English and Japanese vowels can be classified according to three variables: * Tongue height * Part of the tongue which is raised * Degree of lip rounding. Comparing the Japanese vowel system with that of English reveals some significant differences in the following two areas: * The number of vowels * Tense/lax distinctions. Charts below indicate the English and Japanese vowel system. i: u: ɪ ʊ ə e ɜ ɔ: æ ʌ ɒ ɑ: Figure 1: English vowel Chart Figure 2: Japanese vowel Chart The number of vowels: As shown through 2 charts, in the English vowel system, there are 13 different vowels identified. Besides, English vowel system includes several diphthongs such as /a ʊ /, /a ɪ /, and /o ɪ /. On the other hand, Japanese has only 5 vowels in its vowel inventory. It is shown that the number of vowels that can be identified in English and Japanese can differ...
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...The Official Language Movement Name Axia College of University of Phoenix ETH125 Professor April 8, 2010 The Official Language Movement Impact of English Language Movement is a website geared toward the political and Civil rights of bilingual citizens or lack thereof. It focuses on the author’s opinion of political correctness of the enforcement of English as the one and only language spoken in all local and governmental facilities. The author does not think that any other language should be spoken other than English (Steven W. Bender, 1996). Two Opposing Views of Bilingualism is a publication that was composed in 1999 and it reflects on both points of view, political, and educational. This article is how ever geared more toward the Educational side of the argument. The author comments on an experiment that took place in Europe in 1996, which the Spanish Ministry of Education and the British Council are allowing individual cities to enroll students into a program that enforces bilingual learning within the mandated public education grades (Francisco Ramos, 1996). This publication is voicing the opinions of multiple educators which believe in bilingual education and instruction...
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...decides what “normal” is. In today's society multiple people experience oppression, the cause of that is those individuals interpret and express their power of language differently. For example, if two Spanish speaking students were in a classroom filled with English speaking students they are simulated to speak English. Those two Spanish speaking students lose their power of language to fulfill the expectation of the English speaking students. “I know that speaking Spanish with someone in a room full of Americans can seem rude to them because they don't understand. I know that at school some teachers have told others not to speak Spanish”. (Ruiz) A minority of the...
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...Running head: ENGLISH-ONLY DEBATE PAPER English-Only Debate Paper Anne-Cecile Grundy Grand Canyon University ESL 523N September 26, 2010 Abstract English language learners are a very heterogeneous and complex group of children, with diverse gifts, educational needs, backgrounds, languages, and goals. They are the fastest growing section of the student population in schools and offer challenges and opportunities to the American education. In this study, the writer will explore the arguments of both sides of the English-only issue, which started decades ago and is still very active today. Emphasis will be placed on the comparison and contrast of the positions presented by advocates and opponents of the English-only debate and will be supported with state’ voter-driven initiatives and laws relating to English language learners. English-Only Debate Paper In the eighteen century, education in the United States was provided in different languages: German, Dutch, French or Swedish. After World War I, when German was a proscribed language, the American population started to think about an education solely in English. However, until 1968, the language policies were left to the discretion of the school, church, city, or state. At this time, the federal government dictated how the non-English-speaking students should be taught, and therefore, started a very controversial debate in the public education sector (Porter, 1998). “In September 1995, Representative John T. Doolittle...
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...Piccolo, Flute, Oboe, English horn, B-Flat Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, Bassoon, Alto Saxophone, Tenor Saxophone, Baritone Saxophone, Horn, Trumpet, Trombone, Euphonium, Tuba, Percussion, Timpani, and a Harp. The woodwind ensemble featured a series of five pieces, all of which were divided by their country of origin. The first piece of the ensemble was focused on English works, and had three movements that were...
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...Language Latin became the prominent language during the Reign of the Roman Empire. Wherever the Roman Empire was ahead the Latin language was spoken. When the Empire fell is when Latin was switched over to Vernacular. Many people chose to speak this language other than Latin. It became a way of life and how the culture would develop in later years. Religion played a huge role in this. Charlemagne believed that in order for one to practice Christianity they needed to be able to read and write it. He began to crusade for the introduction of Literacy at this point. The English would speak The Old English type of language and the Anglo Saxons would start using Vernacular. The type of Vernacular Language often depended on the social class of that individual. Lower classes spoke what we know as English and the upper classes spoke the vernacular dialect ("End of Europe's," 1997) . Most of the vernacular language was introduced by entertainers and poets who would travel to the area carrying out stories that they had heard. Most of these writings were romantic and spoke of loss and tragedy. This was of course the Dark ages. They spoke of longing and whoa in love. Vernacular was adapted so they could understand these writings. Language was originally used in religion, and therefore became part of the culture that one existed in. It was thought that in order to practice a religion one needed to be able to speak that language and write it as well, which is where Charlemagne...
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... nation, we have many changing opinions over which food is better for our health-- organic, locally grown, or imported. A current food trend experienced throughout the nation, the locavore movement has gained popularity, a movement in which people only eat locally grown food. Despite the fact that locally grown foods are known for their extra nutrition, the locavore movement is unnecessary and not as beneficial as many think, because of its inability to reduce pollution, the impracticality to eat only locally grown food. Many think that the greater nutritional value of local foods as they are harvested and sold sooner is an important reason to eat locally. However, the nutritional difference is minimal. Locally...
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...The English-Only Debate English as the national language has become one of the major issues facing citizens in the United States of America today. There have been many supporters in favor of English as the only recognized language spoken in America and there have also been many opponents. The debate has also driven many states to pass their own laws concerning the English language. There are many pros and cons to the debate, many states have passed their own laws regarding the education of English language learners, and I have my own views about the English-only debate. Supporters of the English-only movement feel very strongly about their views as English being the official language in America. While, opponents of the English-only movement feel just as strongly in their belief of America needing more than the English language. Supporters feel with English being the only language would unite us as a nation, clarifying that we are Americans. Supports also feel that making English the official language will give immigrants more opportunities to learn and speak the English language more fluently. Opponents of the debate feel that English-only would alienate immigrants that come to America by stifling communication within their daily life. Opponents also feel that school age children of immigrants will be at a disadvantage in school when learning academics if they cannot be taught in their native language. Also, a major issue within the debate is that non-English speaking...
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...August 1914, Britain declared war on Germany, which meant that Canada was going to war as well. Canada’s young men were going to war to serve their country as well as demonstrating their patriotic duty to Britain as they left behind their loved ones on the Canadian homefront. The First World War had a profound impact on life in Canada during the war. As our Canadian soldiers faced conflicts and huge challenges on foreign battlefields, there were many changes coming for those left behind on the Canadian homefront as they faced many social challenges and a shift in life, as they knew it. During WW1, the Canadian homefront saw a great transformation in the role of women in Canadian society, reforms in the labour movement and an increase in tension between French and English Canadians due to the conscription crisis. At the turn of the century, the role of women in Canadian society began to change drastically as their roles expanded beyond the home. Many Canadians viewed the woman’s role as the mother and homemaker but Canada’s participation in WW1 dramatically altered how women were viewed. So many Canadian men enlisted in the war that Canadian labour force was hugely diminished because if men were at war, they could not be working in the factories so Canada was forced to turn to women to join the workforce. “As the number of volunteers increased it was becoming clear that a new source of labour would have to be found. Women soon filled the gap…Many Canadians felt some...
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...Why did the Women’s Liberation Movement Emerge in the late 1960’s? Discuss with reference to Britain and the United States of America. In a decade where the whole world was experiencing revolutions due to social discontent, this increased the desire, of women, in the late 1960’s to ‘confront existing structures of oppression,’ giving the impetus for the emergence of the Women’s Liberation Movement. Caine argues the emergence of the movement bought a ‘new tone,’ when discussing women’s oppression. Rather than focusing directly on women’s suffrage, this was a political movement demanding ‘rapid and radical change,’ in an ever increasing ambience of liberalisation. Upon inception, it is vital to highlight one can account different reasons for the emergence of the movement in Britain and America, as different domestic situations led to different reasons for the emergence of a more radical form of feminism. This essay, together with a multiplicity of historians, will consider the importance of World War II and the Civil Rights Movement, and the impact they had on the emergence of the Women’s Liberation Movement. Linked to this is the ever apparent discrimination women faced and increasing desires to change this, coupled with developments of new opportunities, demonstrated by the aforementioned world events. Additionally, the impact of literature such as Betty Friedan’s, The Feminine Mystique, needs to be considered. Whilst all the factors play an important role in contributing...
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...What do I know now about the module ? Different types of written languages are studied by linguists, the logograms including both pictograms (pictures or symbols that represent an object or an idea) and ideograms (symbol that represent an idea) still used today in languages like Chinese, phonograms including syllabaries (system of writing based on syllable sounds) used today for Japanese or Cree, and to finish alphabets. The last category, alphabets, comes from the Sumerian script that was later replaced by the Phoneician Alphabet which is itself the ancestor of both Semitic (Arabic and Hebrew) and Greek writing system. The English spelling started to be development in Old English with the introduction of the Latin Alphabet, when the...
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