...Innovation, Ethics, and Entrepreneurship Morgan P. Miles Linda S. Munilla Jeffrey G. Covin ABSTRACT. This paper is a response to Ray’s (2004) recent proposal that the intellectual property rights (IPR) attached to potentially life saving/life sustaining innovations should become public goods in cases where markets are either unable or unwilling to pay for the creation of the intellectual property. Using a free market approach to innovation based on Western moral philosophy, we suggest that treating intellectually protected life saving/life sustaining innovations as public goods will likely reduce social welfare over the long term. KEY WORDS: entrepreneurship, ethics, innovation, intellectual property rights, policy ‘‘For the Scripture says, ‘Do not muzzle the ox while it is treading out the grain,’ and ‘The worker deserves his wages’ ’’ 1 Timothy 5:18. Ray (2004), in a recent critique of Miles et al. (2002), proposes that the intellectual property rights (IPR) generated from any life saving/life sustaining entrepreneurial initiatives should be transferred to the public domain whenever potential users of these innovations are unable or unwilling to enter into mutually beneficial exchange relationships with the creators of the IPR. This reply offers a perspective on why Ray’s (2004) imperative does not maximize social welfare and, in fact, will tend to diminish social welfare over the long-term as a result of lower economic incentives for innovation. Introduction ‘‘Few...
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...discuss Islamic business ethics. Both are essential in developing the conceptual theory of Islamic marketing. This conceptual paper uses research and reading materials to gather data about Islamic Marketing. The author only explains the Islamic Marketing by showing examples mostly from Qur’an. Partial List Square (PLS) Religious teachings, at least Islam, could be applied in the realm of modern marketing theory. Though not all of its elements could be applied in Islamic society, modern marketing theory will provide some elements which could be utilized in developing Islamic marketing theory. One could argue that religious teaching, at least from Islamic perspective could be utilized as a marketing tool. The author proposes that marketing needs to enrich itself in order to gain acceptance from scientific community. Therefore, it is duty of all researchers interested in this issue to develop this...
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...Business Plan CHE488 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND BUSINESS FOR ENGINEERS Student: Matheus Borges Piuzana Barbosa - #1001008401 Professor: Joseph Orozco University of Toronto CHE488: Entrepreneurship and Business for Engineers (Winter 2014) Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 3 2 The Business and its Owner ................................................................................................... 4 2.1 The industry ..................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Business Location............................................................................................................ 4 2.3 Key people ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.3.1 CEO: Matheus Borges Piuzana Barbosa ...................................................................... 4 2.3.2 Research and Development: Erick Fonseca ................................................................. 4 2.3.3 Sustainability Responsible: Louis Briand .................................................................... 4 2.3.4 Marketing Consultant: Lucas Henrique ....................................................................... 5 2.4 Trademark and patent info ...............................................................................
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...Written Exam: 70 Internal Assessment: 30 Time: 3 Hours Project Economics and Management Paper Code: 3.1 Unit-1 Concepts of projects; project identification; formulation, analysis, risk, planning, design, report and appraisal; location of an enterprise; factory design and layout. Unit-II Understanding financial analysis; ratio analysis; fund flow analysis; breakeven analysis; social cost-benefit analysis; budgeting and planning process. Unit-III Sources of development finance; institutional finance to entrepreneurs; working capital management; incentives and subsidies; policies governing entrepreneurship; role of a consultancy organization. Unit-IV A review of project performance; post evaluation approach; community participation in projects; SWOT analysis; managing risk and exposure. Suggested Readings: 1. 2. 3. 4. Note: 1. 2. Four case studies will be discussed in a paper by the concerned teacher in the class. Instructions for External Examiner: The question paper will have two sections. Section ‘A’ shall comprise eight questions (two questions from each unit). The candidates will be required to attempt four questions (selecting one question from each unit). Section ‘B’ will contain one CASE STUDY which will be compulsory. All five questions will carry equal marks. Chandra, P., Project Planning Analysis, Selection, Implementation and Review, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. Hedemey, J.W., Control and Management of Capital Projects, John Wiley, New York. Wysocki, R.K., R. Bick...
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...THE IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE IN MODERNISATION OF TRADITIONAL ENTERPRISES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN BTAD OF ASSAM. (Prasenjit Nath, Janata College, Serfanguri, BTAD, Assam. Department of Computer Science & Application.) ABSTRACT: This paper explores the synergies between Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) and in traditional micro and small enterprises in Bodoland Territorial Area Districts of Assam for marketing, advertising, and sales their organizational products or services. For this study used current literature review on E-commerce and Entrepreneurship and case study analysis from different sources. In addition to this, interviews were conducted to examine the perceptions of enterprises in E-Commerce regarding modernization of traditional micro and small enterprises and entrepreneurship development and the factors affecting the modernization of business and integration of entrepreneurship. The study has explored the synergies between E-Commerce and modernization of traditional micro and small enterprises and entrepreneurships of Bodoland Territorial area Districts through a review of principal literature in this field, case study analysis, web researches and interviews with micro and small traditional enterprises. Traditional micro and small enterprises and E-Commerce should be regarded as ongoing, everyday practice in enterprises. For rural area of North-East...
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...Administration Paper Code: Paper Title: BBA – 201 Cost and Management Accounting Max. Marks: 15 Last date of submission: Note : Question No. 1 is of short answer type and is compulsory for all the students. It carries 5 Marks. (Word limits 50-100) Q. 1. Answer all the questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What do u understand by Economic order quantity (EOQ)? What do u mean by variance analysis? Give four differences between management accounting and financial accounting. What is trend percentage? How cash flow statement is different from Fund flow statement. NOTE: Answer any two questions. Each question carry 5 marks (word limit 500): Q. 2. What is the meaning of Cost Accounting? Explain the difference between cost accounting and financial accounting. Q. 3. Write short note on (any two): a) Comparative Balance sheet statement. b) Ratio analysis. c) Fund flow statement. Q4. Prepare a cost sheet from the following particulars: PARTICULARS Stock of finished goods 1.1.2009 Stock of raw material on 1.1.2009 Purchase of raw material Productive wages Sale of finished goods Stock of finished goods on 31.12.2009 Stock of raw material on 31.12.2009 Factory overheads Office and administrative overheads Selling overheads 72,800 33,280 7,59,200 5,16,880 15,39,200 78,000 35,360 1,29,220 70,161 20,000 RUPEES JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR School of Distance Education & Learning Internal Assignment No. 2 Bachelor of Business Administration Paper Code: Paper Title: BBA –...
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...Implementing the Proposal As described previously, the primary goal of the proposal is to create a committee, whose primary purpose will be to raise awareness about entrepreneurship in SA to the average South African person. The reason for implementing the proposal is specifically to follow the study of the Ugandan model, which suggested that the attitude of the average Ugandan is extremely positive about entrepreneurship. To create a similar attitude in the average South African citizen , an intensive marketing campaign is necessary, that will raise awareness about entrepreneurship, and the facilities that are in place to aid an individual who is attempting to do so. The implementation of this marketing campaign will take place in three individual phases. These will be carried out as short, mid and long-term plans. The phase 1, short term plan will take place over a period of 6 months, as shown in figure 1. Thereafter, the phase 2 program of events is scheduled to be carried out over the following 18 months, while the third phase of the proposal is planned for the long term of the project, and will continue for at least 3 years thereafter. . Phase 1 The first phase of the project proposal will be focused towards the generation of the campaign committee. The campaign committee will be responsible for carrying out the entire project, and will therefore need formulated into a well ordered structure. The hierarchy of the committee will...
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...MANAGEMENT 163 Entrepreneurship and New Product Development Winter 2015 Draft Syllabus January 2015 Instructor: Farhad D. Rostamian, PhD., MBA Office and Office Hours: By arrangement Teaching Assistant: TBD E-mail: fdrostamian@gmail.com Messages: Valerie Myers, (310) 206-3011, vmyers@anderson.ucla.edu Enrollment: Open enrollment. Time: Wednesdays, 4 to 7 PM First Class meets: Wednesday, January 7 Room: Anderson Complex, Cornell Hall, D-307 Course Description New products are the lifeblood of any corporation and the cornerstone of any economy. Without expanding the product portfolio, any modern corporation can quickly succumb to competition and lose significant market share, or even be totally dis-intermediated. This phenomenon has been intensified with the advancements in digital economy. The innovation process has been significantly altered as a result of the impact of digital economy across all industries and markets. While most companies recognize the need for new products, not all such new products that are introduced to the market are successful. And even a smaller percentage can stand the test of time and reach significant market share or achieve resilient popularity. Innovation is one of the key drivers of making new products. We will examine the process of innovation and new product development and discuss the associated paradigms and success factors (through the case and class discussions). This course is designed to help students deepen...
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...the subject teacher for helping and giving his precious time to give assistance and encouragement. For his untiring efforts in giving comments and suggestions, for his kindness, knowledge and understanding. To all his mentors and faculty members of the Institute of Information and Communication Technology, for being an inspiration and a hand who is always willing to help. To the participants of the seminar, for their willingness to share and acquire knowledge during the seminar. His loving friends, Maricel, Owen, Jellous, Majo, James, Benicer and April for the time they spent together which makes things easier. To his loving mother, Josie and father…….who greatly contributed emotional and financial support, without them, this narrative paper would not...
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...Administration Paper Code: Paper Title: BBA – 201 Cost and Management Accounting Max. Marks: 15 Last date of submission: Note : Question No. 1 is of short answer type and is compulsory for all the students. It carries 5 Marks. (Word limits 50-100) Q. 1. Answer all the questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What do u understand by Economic order quantity (EOQ)? What do u mean by variance analysis? Give four differences between management accounting and financial accounting. What is trend percentage? How cash flow statement is different from Fund flow statement. NOTE: Answer any two questions. Each question carry 5 marks (word limit 500): Q. 2. What is the meaning of Cost Accounting? Explain the difference between cost accounting and financial accounting. Q. 3. Write short note on (any two): a) Comparative Balance sheet statement. b) Ratio analysis. c) Fund flow statement. Q4. Prepare a cost sheet from the following particulars: PARTICULARS Stock of finished goods 1.1.2009 Stock of raw material on 1.1.2009 Purchase of raw material Productive wages Sale of finished goods Stock of finished goods on 31.12.2009 Stock of raw material on 31.12.2009 Factory overheads Office and administrative overheads Selling overheads 72,800 33,280 7,59,200 5,16,880 15,39,200 78,000 35,360 1,29,220 70,161 20,000 RUPEES JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR School of Distance Education & Learning Internal Assignment No. 2 Bachelor of Business Administration Paper Code: Paper Title: BBA –...
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...the academics in the Strategy, Marketing, Governance, Economics and International Business Area. We also want to share with you our research focus areas to assist you to select a topic for your MBL research report in which we could offer you quality supervision. Should you select to do your research in our area you will work with seasoned academics who has a strong track record of successfully supervising both Master’s and Doctoral candidates. Academic Profiles Prof Greg Brown | Greg Brown is an Associate Professor in Economics. | Prof Annemarie Davis | Annemarie is an Associate Professor in Business Management. Her research focus areas are in strategy-as-practice and the middle management perspectives. Annemarie supervises Masters and Doctoral candidates in the Strategy-as-Practice focus area and is currently directing higher degrees in the College of Economic and Management Sciences. | Dr Francois du Toit | Francois is a senior lecturer in strategy and international business. His areas of interest are at the intersections of strategy, marketing and finance; especially the different presentations of social capital in relationship strategies. He has held senior positions in executive management,finance, and, sales and marketingin multinational corporates in the healthcare industry. He a registered chartered business strategist with the Canadian Business Strategy Association. | Prof Mari Jansen van Rensburg | Mari is a Professor of Marketing Management and is the Acting Area...
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...Students Frank DeSimone, Department of Business Administration, Wagner College, Staten Island, NY John Buzza, Center for Entrepreneurship, Monmouth University, Long Branch, NJ ABSTRACT The motivation for this paper comes from need, need for our students to learn not only subject matter through traditional methods in a classroom, but foundational learning through experiences obtained directly in the workplace. The terminology used today for this student experience is referred to as experiential learning. This experiential learning comes in two forms, either (1) learning by yourself or (2) through experiential education (learning through programs established by others). You can kindly refer to learning by yourself as “nature’s way of learning” as it occurs as a direct participation in the life cycle. However experiential education can be defined more succinctly as a structured approach, using experiences and the direction of others to create the learning curve. The issue at hand is simple - does participatory (experiential) education create critical thinkers among our students and make them more aware of and able to more easily solve the problem(s) at hand? Our diligence has focused on two distinctly different courses in two different semesters (fall 2011 and spring 2012) in two different business disciplines (business marketing and entrepreneurship) at two distinctly different universities (Wagner College and Monmouth University) with one similar problem, is there a significant...
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...The impact of relationships on changes in internationalisation strategies of SMEs, European Journal of Marketing41. 11/12 (2007): 1449-1474. Etemad, H. and Wright, R.W. (2003), “Internationalization of SMEs: Toward a New Paradigm”, Small Business Economics, 20, 1-4. Ibeh, K.I.N. (2003), ‘Toward a Contingency Framework of Export Entrepreneurship: Conceptualisations and Empirical Evidence’, Small Business Economics, 15 (1), 49-68. Prashantham, S. and Floyd, S.W. (2012), “Routine Microprocesses and Capability Learning in International New Ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, 43: 544–562.| Reuber, A.R. and Fischer, E. (1997), “The Influence of the Management Team’s International Experience on the Internationalization Behaviors of SMEs”, Journal of International Business Studies, 28 (4), 807-825. Sen, Arup; Haq, Kushnood. Internationalization of SMEs: Opportunities And Limitations In The Age Of Globalization, The International Business & Economics Research Journal9. 5 (May 2010): 135-142. Smolarski, Jan; Kut, Can., The impact of venture capital financing method on SME performance and internationalization, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal7. 1 (Mar 2011): 39-55. falseZhu, hong; hitt, michael a; tihanyi, laszlo. The internationalization of smes in emerging economies: institutional embeddedness and absorptive capacities, journal of small business strategy17. 2 (fall 2006/winter 2007): 1-26. 2. SMEs internationalisation and Networks Chetty...
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...of Internet was witnesses in all the fields with a major impact on international business. Although the Internet and web 2.0 serve as improving trend of economy and business, there is negligible research done to advocate their impacts on international business and marketing (Urban, 2003). The present literature review essay is an attempt to address the gap of existing literature whereby necessary recommendations can be made to improve use of technology in business. For the purpose of this essay, extant literatures in the fields of international business, technology, science, marketing and e-commerce have been studied and reviewed. Research objective: To serve the purpose of the literature review, investigation of Internet and e-commerce over international business processes is performed with the primary research objective as the consequence of Internet on international business. Research questions: In order to study research objective, a set of research questions have been devised upon which a review is presented in the following essay. The research questions devised are: • Influence of Internet in international business. • Consequences of Internet on international entrepreneurship. • Impact of web 2.0 on international business processes. • Influence of e-commerce in international business Literature study: Influence of Internet in international business: Detailed studies of literature suggest that even small...
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...A Systematic Review of the Literature Emilie neven 5/11/2015 Intoduction After reading the article ‘A multi-Dimensional Framework of Organizational Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Literature’, it is clear to say that there is not one specific definition to the word ‘Innovation’. According to Schumpeter the term contained the novelty aspect, which makes every new ‘thing’ an innovation. With this in mind, I agree more with the definition stated in this article, because it includes different aspects all in one. Aside from the definition, a great number of papers have been written so far, regarding Innovation. Taking into account this previous research, we can say that there are different dimensions of innovation. However few papers discuss different dimensions across different areas at once, this article provides us with various dimensions of organizational innovation. As written in this paper, we can make several divisions when it comes to innovation. First of all there are two dimensions, namely; innovation as a process and innovation as an outcome. These two can be further divided. We have to remember that innovation as a process explains the why question and innovation as an outcome the what question. The latter is the most important dimension, due to its necessity and sufficiency. Furthermore can we divide three determinants of organizational innovation, namely; innovation leadership, managerial levers and business process. Innovation Leadership can...
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