...have for one another and the group . Implications for managers strive to develop cohesive groups that accept positive norms. Status within the team is the perceived ranking of one member relative to other members of the group. Implications for the manager they need to have high status. Group roles are shared expectations of how group members week fulfill the requirements of their position. Implications for the manager to be effective a team must have members who play task roles and maintenance roles, while maintaining self-interest. 3. Let's discuss the five stages of team development. Stage one is orientation it's characterized by low development level, high commitment, and low competence. It's completely true that you tend to have anxiety over how you will fit in. I notice I go through this when I'm placed in a group in class. You never know what to expect , because it'll be your first time working together. Stage two is dissatisfaction which is characterized by moderate development level, lower commitment, and some competence. We recently have a team building training...
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...in high school activities my coach or mentor would always say this before we would get started. It holds some truth, for us as a society to survive then the individuals who commit to a group effort is the one’s leading the way. The objective is to discuss one situation where I was part of a group and one situation where I was a team member. What to expect? Well, throughout this discussion the purpose of forming the group and or team will be exposed. What type of group or team was formed will also be included. The chosen leadership and how it came about, the expertise / interest that brought every individual together to form the said group or team. The challenges with diversity will also be discussed and the progress through the stages of the stages group development. And finally the goal and outcome achieved in this form of working together. So, without any further delay here we go! To start off I will be discussing the situation where I am part of a group. A little back ground on the organization I am involved in. It’s called Youth Ministries Choir. Now the purpose of this group is to get teens and preteens involved in singing within the church. There are currently twelve youths and two adults working towards this goal. We are trying to get the choir into the church again; currently the worship music is done by album music through speakers. This is good, but we think in order to praise the Lord that our voices need to be heard. That is our objective! This type of group would...
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...Bibliography over Erik Erikson Erik Erikson was born on June 15, 1902 in Frankfurt, Germany and later died on May 12, 1994. He in his early age studied arts and many other languages; he never liked formal school. After graduating high school, he was focusing on becoming an artist. He decided to travel around Europe for a whole year than Erik decided to enroll in an arts school back in Germany which he stayed there for several years. Erik Later in 1933 he moved to Boston, Massachusetts where he filled the position at Harvard Medical School. Once he was at Harvard, he met psychologists such as “Henry Murray” and “Kurt Lewin” and anthropologists like “Ruth Benedict”, “Margaret Mead”, and “Gregory Bateson” which for that reason it impacted him....
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...When discussing the timeline of Erik Erikson, we will discover how he formed his theory of psychosocial developmental, along with explaining what stage my friend and I are currently in within his timeline. Erik Erikson (1902-1994) was a German born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, whom formed a theory of psychosocial development on the human life cycle. Erikson’s major innovation was to take Freud’s psychosexual stages of the libido and transform them into a developmental model of psychosocial tasks, which identified eight stages of human development and their corresponding psychosocial tasks. (McAdams, 2009, "Chapter 9, Developmental Stages In Childhood ") To really determine which stage I’m currently in I had to carefully read though many stages, since the eight stages begins at the time of infancy to late adulthood, which will change within each individual and within their social world combined. After all of the reading I would say that I resign in the six stage of Erikson’s timeline Intimacy vs. Isolation (which he consider young adulthood). I think I’m currently in the stage of young adulthood, because I’m 27 years old and have accomplished the psychosocial issues listed in Erikson fifth stage of life Identity vs. role confusion (Adolescence). Some of the main factors I have accomplished in the fifth stage includes developing my sense of self, beliefs, independence, secure about my future, fidelity, and successfully becoming an identity achiever...
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...best-known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, Erikson’s theory describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. Erikson believed people experience a conflict that serves as a turning point in development. In Erikson’s view, these conflicts are centered on either developing a psychological quality or failing to develop that quality. During these times, the potential for personal growth is high, but so is the potential for failure. The first stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development (Trust vs. Mistrust) occurs between birth and one year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life. Because an infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is based on the dependability and quality of the child’s caregivers. If a child successfully develops trust, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world. Caregivers who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in the children they care for. Failure to develop trust will result in fear and a belief that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable. The second stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development (Autonomy vs. Shame...
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...of life stages in which humans experience and the behavioral issues of one’s self. his scientific process has been study by many pioneers throughout history who has shared their own belief and explanations for people behavioral issue and the way in which they act which is mundane to one’s society. One pioneer who has contributed his opinion to Psychology is Erikson, a German Psychologist who created eight psychosocial stages that humans encounter throughout their life, the stages are: Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair . Erik Homberger Erikson was born in 1902 near Frankfort, Germany to Danish parents. Erik studied art and a variety of languages during his school years, rather than science courses such as biology and chemistry. He didn’t support the idea of going to college so instead he traveled around Europe, keeping a diary of his events. After a year of doing this, he returned to Germany and attended art school. After a period of time, Erikson began to teach art and other subjects American children who had come to Vienna for training. He was then permitted into the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. In 1933 he came to the U.S. and became Boston's first child analyst and got a position at the Harvard Medical School. Later on, he also held positions at institutions including Yale and Berkeley Erikson then returned...
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...Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated by Erik Erikson, is a psychoanalytic theory which identifies eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds upon the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future. However, mastery of a stage is not required to advance to the next stage. Erikson's stage theory characterizes an individual advancing through the eight life stages as a function of negotiating his or her biological forces and sociocultural forces. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis of these two conflicting forces (as shown in the table below). If an individual does indeed successfully reconcile these forces (favoring the first mentioned attribute in the crisis), he or she emerges from the stage with the corresponding virtue. For example, if an infant enters into the toddler stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt) with more trust than mistrust, he or she carries the virtue of hope into the remaining life stages.[1] Hopes: trust vs. mistrust (oral-sensory, birth – 2 years)[edit] * Existential Question: Can I Trust the World? The first stage of Erik Erikson's theory centers around the infant's basic needs being met by the parents and this interaction leading to trust or mistrust. Trust as...
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...Legarteja Erik Homburger Erikson was a German-born American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings Background: Born in Frankfurt, Erik Erikson's lifelong interest in the psychology of identity may be traced to his birth. He was born on June 15, 1902. The circumstances of his birth were concealed from him in his childhood. His Danish-born mother, Karla Abrahamsen, came from a prominent Jewish family in Copenhagen. At the time of her son's birth in Germany, Karla Abrahamsen had not seen her husband, Jewish stockbroker Waldemar Isidor Salomonsen, for several months. Nonetheless, the boy was registered as Erik Salomonsen .There is no more information about his biological father, except that he was a Dane and his given name probably was Erik Erikson was a student and teacher of arts. While teaching at a private school in Vienna, he became acquainted with Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud. Erikson underwent psychoanalysis, and the experience made him decide to become an analyst himself. He was trained in psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute and also studied the Montessori method of education, which focused on child development and sexual stages. Theories of development and the ego Erikson is credited with being one of the originators of Ego psychology, which stressed the role of the ego as being more than a servant of the id. According to Erikson, the environment in which a child...
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...The Meaning of Identity: A Brief History The term identity as the dictionary defines it today is almost as new as the sciences devoted to studying it. The definition of the word identity has undergone several transformations since it was first used by European philosophers emerging from the Dark Ages. It wouldn’t be until 1950 that the word would undergo its final stage, the one seen used in psychology textbooks across the world. Erik Erikson’s eight stages of the life cycle gave us its modern meaning. The way the term identity has been used by philosophers in the past has given it definite significance and seriousness. Despite this, its use in relation to the individuality of a person was very casual and lacked depth. Only recently has the term identity come to represent an analytical psychological concept (Gleason, 1983). Before modern social sciences evolved, the term identity was associated with philosophical thought and the ever-present questions about the mind-body connection and the nature of self. The root of the word identity is Latin in origin. The word is “idem” and it means “the same.” The word identity has been found in philosophical texts going back to 1690 with John Locke’s “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” (Gleason, 1983). The term seemed to be used only to describe “self” as the philosophers viewed it. The definition of identity that we have today did not come about until much later and when it did it gave much insight into issues that...
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...------------------------------------------------- The stages Hul Hope: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infants, 0 to 1 year) * Psychosocial Crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust * Virtue: Hope The first stage of Erik Erikson's theory centers aro und the infant's basic needs being met by the parents. The infant depends on the parents, especially the mother, for food, sustenance, and comfort. The child's relative understanding of world and society come from the parents and their interaction with the child. If the parents expose the child to warmth, regularity, and dependable affection, the infant's view of the world will be one of trust. Should the parents fail to provide a secure environment and to meet the child's basic need a sense of mistrust will result. According to Erik Erikson, the major developmental task in infancy is to learn whether or not other people, especially primary caregivers, regularly satisfy basic needs. If caregivers are consistent sources of food, comfort, and affection, an infant learns trust- that others are dependable and reliable. If they are neglectful, or perhaps even abusive, the infant instead learns mistrust- that the world is in an undependable, unpredictable, and possibly dangerous place. [edit]Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Toddlers, 2 to 3 years) * Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt * Main Question: "Can I do things myself or must I always rely on others?" * Virtue: Will As the child gains control over eliminative...
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...This report will describe a life stage within human development and behaviour. The report will then describe a personal observation that relates to this life stage, this observation will include behaviours, attitudes and interactions of that stage. These behaviours and attitudes will describe relevant concepts and ideas based on two theorists and in relation to my chosen life stage. These theorists concepts will link together my personal observation and the chosen life stage. This observational report is based on the life stage of adolescence. In 1996, I was a fifteen year old student attending Tikipunga High School. I was never to sure on any given day whom I really was. My choice of clothing was little to go on as every day brought a new look, a new me. One day id have that apparent gangsta look, baggy jeans and a hooded sweatshirt then the next day id be dressed like Julie Andrews, from The sound of music! Blouse, skirt and a much more conservative hairstyle. According to J.Campbell (personal communication, June 20th 2013.) I would not only change my style of dress my attitude would adjust in relation to whatever dress sense I choose. For example I would ouite often have an attitude of ignorance and staunchness to match my 'gangsta' look, whereas I tended to be a whole new person when dressed like Julie Andrews, behaving alit more conservative and polite. I simply asked my self regularly, " who am I?", "where do i fit in?" And "where will I end up?". This...
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...Introduction Erikson has always been referred to in the light of emphasising on the work of Freud, as well as being critiqued on his work with making comparison to Sigmund Freud’s work as well. With Freud introducing the psychoanalytical theory and Erikson bringing about the stages of psychosocial developments, theorists would often elaborate on which theory would define one’s life best, and so therefore it remained a constant comparison made between Freud and Erikson. With the quote given as the assignment topic it clearly defines why Erikson had described himself as “a small man on the shoulders of a giant”, simply because he had big shoes to fill, and that being the work of Sigmund Freud, his teacher. 1. Four main ways Erikson extended Freud’s theory According to Engler, B. (2013) the first way in which Erikson extended Freud’s theory is whereby he had improved our understanding of the ego, showing that how the emergence out of the historical, genetic and cultural context of individuals helps the ego become a good problem solver as well. Secondly, he emphasised on Freud’s stages of development making strong social gestures towards it, however there was no clear statement of Erikson’s comments being made towards Freud’s work. Thirdly he extended our understanding of development by creating additional stages, making it the eight stages of psychosocial development placing prominence on stages from an individual’s infancy to old age. And lastly Erikson had discovered the...
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...parent, retirement, and one’s own death. One of the important things that a person needs to develop is his personality. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, personality is the set of qualities and behaviors that makes a person different from other people. From the definition, lots of questions arise. Some examples are “What makes them different from the other?”, “Why are they behaving like that?”, and “Who am I?” In order to answer those questions, Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development will help to understand the complexity of human personality. Erikson’s ‘psychosocial’ term is derived from two words – ‘psychological’ means mind and ‘social’ means external relationships (Chapman, 2013). According to Ramkumar (2002), Erik Erikson did most of his works during the 1930s to the 1950s as a psychologist. He was fascinated in child analysis. He was the student of Sigmund Freud and he was inspired by his works. From the article of Chapman (2013), Erikson’s psychosocial theory was drawn and was extended from the ideas of Sigmund Freud and his daughter, Anna Freud and the concepts within psychosexual theory of human development. Freud concepts are not however fundamental to Erikson’s theory which stands up well in its own right. Freud focused on the nature of human which includes the concepts of genitals, and sex which attract a lot of attention and criticisms. Compared to Freud, Erikson’s concepts focused more...
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...integrate developmental theory, moral development, and gender and cultural influences. Erikson Erikson’s developmental theory will be used to analyze my life stage by stage. I will compare Erikson’s theory of development to Lawrence Kohlberg’s model of moral development and analyze how these theories have affected my development from birth to adulthood. Last I will evaluate hoe factors can be explained within the context of gender differences and environmental, cultural, and ethnic influences. We all have different personality traits many are inborn temperament traits and others were learned based on our environment and the support we receive in growing up. Erikson became a leading figure in the psychosocial study of human growth and development, formulating nine stages, with a “conflict” or “crisis” to be resolved at each stage for healthy development to occur (Crandell, Crandell, Zanden, p. 39, 2009). Each stage builds on the preceding stages and the crisis in each stage should be resolved by the ego in that stage. As employed by Erikson (1968a, p. 286), a crisis is not “a threat of catastrophe but a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential.” More importantly he said, “remember that conflict and tension are sources of growth, strength, and commitment” (Erikson & Erikson, 1997) (Crandell, Crandell, Zanden, p. 39, 2009). Erikson first stage of psychosocial development is trust vs. mistrust the developmental period is from birth...
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...Erik Erikson Author’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Course Details: Date of Submission: Erik Erikson Introduction Erik Erikson was a rare psychologist who created an eight-step model outlining the different steps in development psychology in the growth of an ordinary human being from birth to old age. His specific insights concerning human mental processes would affect the way people reacted to children and foment a deep interest in studies in human psychology. Though other psychologists have improved on Erikson’s initial findings, original findings retain a lot of significance. There is need to research and study Erikson’s work with particular interest in his explanation of the ‘adolescent stage’ Erikson’s Contribution Freud’s views about the nature and construction of the human personality significantly influenced Erik Erikson’s understanding of humanity. There was a considerable difference between the two men: whereas Erikson was an ego psychologist, Freud was an ID psychologist. Erikson stressed on the functions of society and culture and the divergences that can occur within the ego itself while Freud highlighted the conflict between the superego and ID. At all psychosexual phases, Erikson observed that the person grows in three levels concurrently: social, biological, and psychological, which represent the person, his or her connection to society, and individualism. His work was a lifetime representation of human development...
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