...20 Self-Reflection As they are intervening in complex human systems, capacity-development practitioners need to be flexible, adaptable and willing to learn from what they do. An important source of learning in real time is the processes and results of monitoring and evaluation (M&E). Bruce Britton explains M&E activities as they are commonly pursued and explores creative ways in which practitioners can use them for personal learning and selfreflection. He also provides suggestions on how this can be done under non-conducive organizational conditions. Monitoring and Evaluation for Personal Learning Bruce Britton By three methods we may learn wisdom: first, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest. (Confucius) Introduction Capacity development practitioners collaborate in efforts to improve the capabilities of complex human systems that operate and connect at different levels. First and foremost, capacity development is a process based on the assumption that better understanding and knowledge will bring about change. Also, the planning for capacity development interventions typically rely on variations of the Logical Framework Approach (LFA), which encourage careful thinking about expected outcomes and impacts. By its very nature LFA assumes that intended results of an initiative can be established in advance because the path that a capacity development process will take can be adequately...
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...Johns Model of reflection Johns model is based on five cue questions which enable you to break down your experience and reflect on the process and outcomes. John (1995) used seminal work by Carper (1978) as the basis for his model exploring aesthetics, personal knowing, ethics and empirics and then encouraging the reflective practitioner to explore how this has changed and improved their practice. Carper B (1978) Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Advances in Nursing Science. 1, 1, 13-23. Greater Manchester AHP/HCS Life Long Learning Project Team. Hand out 3 Models of reflection. Available URL http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:Ta_9a2Ad4FUJ:www.bolton.nhs.uk/SHA/LLL/resources/reflective/Framework%2520for %2520Reflection.doc+Johns+Model+of+Structure+Reflection&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4&gl=uk th Accessed 11 January 2008 Hilliard C (2006) Using structured reflection on a critical incident to develop a professional portfolio. Nursing standard 21 (2) 35-40 Johns C (1995) Framing learning through reflection within Carper’s fundamental ways of knowing in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 22, 2, 226-234 Johns Model of reflection Johns Model of Reflection Description of the experience Describe the experience and what were the significant factors? Refection What was I trying to achieve and what are the consequences? Influencing factors What things like internal/external/knowledge affected my decision making? Could I have dealt with it better What other choices did I have...
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...A student in Higher Education and a Future Healthcare Practitioner. In this essay I will explore my initial reflections on my role as a student in higher education. There will a discussion on my role as a future healthcare practitioner and the efforts I need to make to achieve the professional status of a nurse. I will discuss my learning styles and identify key developmental needs to be addressed. There will be discussions on the concepts of professionalism and accountability. In the United Kingdom today all newly qualified nurses must have a nursing degree as required by The Nursing and Midwifery Council. This significant overhaul to Florence Nightingale’s eighteenth century era, apprenticeship style learning system (Bradshaw, A. 2001), has led to fundamental changes in nursing education in the twenty first century; both in theory and practice. Today nurses are challenged with up-to date demands, including innovative medical treatments, leading to an aging population, with complex health values (Cherry, B. 2005). In addition, knowledgeable patients, who are averse to being told what to do but expect greater involvement in their own care planning. The need for graduate nurses is supported by the Willis Commission Report (2012) which argues that ‘our future healthcare services will require graduate nurses nursing and leading healthcare teams in a variety of roles, providing care in many settings’. The concept of accountability and professionalism was highlighted at the...
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...Examples of Reflective Writing Example 1 I arrived on the ward at 7:30 ready to begin a 12-hour shift. After receiving handover, my mentor assigned me the job of bathing Mr B with the help of a healthcare assistant. Mr B has Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a progressive disease of the nervous system with rapid deterioration due to spongiform encephalopathy. He is not expected to live to Christmas, even though he is only 19 years old. He is mentally aware of what is going on but is physically unable to demonstrate activities of daily living, including eating and drinking, has limited communication skills and is doubly incontinent. He is unsafe on his feet so mobilises with a wheelchair. I approached Mr B’s bed and asked his consent to take him for a bath. While the bath was running we began helping him to undress. He looked rather nervous. At the thought of myself being in his position, being the same age as him, I began to feel embarrassed too. I thought that I could not possibly be a professional individual if I let my embarrassment and sympathy get in the way of my nursing care. We assisted Mr B into the bath and started his wash. I knew he was uncomfortable and wanted to be able to wash himself, but was unable to do so. I was finding it difficult to look him in the eye, especially when it came to washing his genitalia. I tried to ease this by making conversation, but in a way this made matters worse. After the bath we dried Mr B, dressed him and returned him...
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...Examples of Reflective Writing Example 1 I arrived on the ward at 7:30 ready to begin a 12-hour shift. After receiving handover, my mentor assigned me the job of bathing Mr B with the help of a healthcare assistant. Mr B has Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a progressive disease of the nervous system with rapid deterioration due to spongiform encephalopathy. He is not expected to live to Christmas, even though he is only 19 years old. He is mentally aware of what is going on but is physically unable to demonstrate activities of daily living, including eating and drinking, has limited communication skills and is doubly incontinent. He is unsafe on his feet so mobilises with a wheelchair. I approached Mr B’s bed and asked his consent to take him for a bath. While the bath was running we began helping him to undress. He looked rather nervous. At the thought of myself being in his position, being the same age as him, I began to feel embarrassed too. I thought that I could not possibly be a professional individual if I let my embarrassment and sympathy get in the way of my nursing care. We assisted Mr B into the bath and started his wash. I knew he was uncomfortable and wanted to be able to wash himself, but was unable to do so. I was finding it difficult to look him in the eye, especially when it came to washing his genitalia. I tried to ease this by making conversation, but in a way this made matters worse. After the bath we dried Mr B, dressed him and returned him...
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...Chapter 1 Expanding the Gates of Perception Christopher Johns Aldous Huxley (1959) reflected on his experience of taking mescalin and its impact in enabling him to access the greater ‘mind at large’ and in doing so to circumvent the brain and nervous system as some sort of reducing valve. In other words, taking mescalin blew fuses and opened Huxley’s mind to perceive things in new and different ways. Hence the title of his book, The Doors of Perception. As we go about our everyday business we take the world largely for granted and respond habitually. Meaning is projected into events that enable us to take things in our stride, and in doing so, reinforce our sense of self. Thus the multiple doors of possibility are not always visible: instead, existing knowledge and experience are defended as if the ego itself is threatened. The more we know, the more threatened we become when that knowing is challenged. A certain degree of anxiety and fear is useful for learning (see Joyce 1984; Casement 1985; Freshwater 2000). However, too much fear and anxiety is not conducive to learning. Perhaps we all need mescalin in the morning to heighten our perceptions, to lower our defences and open ourselves to possibility. From a Buddhist perspective we are caught in a world of samsara, depicted by the cock, the snake and the pig – craving, aversion and delusion respectively – who chase one another around and around, locked into a world of greed, hate and ignorance. It is a restless world of...
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...Reflective practice | For the M.R.T. | | PCRD110 | | Competency: Practice professional self-awareness Objectives: a. Define Reflective Practice b. Discuss the rationale for developing reflective practice c. State the process and give technique examples of critical reflection What is Reflection? Colloquially, to reflect means to look back and consider something. Critical reflection is the process of analyzing, questioning, and reframing an experience in order to make an assessment of it for the purposes of learning (reflective learning) and/or to improve practice (reflective practice). Definition of Reflection “The process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which results in a changed conceptual perspective” (Boyd and Fale, 1983) Rationale of using Reflective Practice as an MRT Reflection is particularly important in medicine. It helps us develop a questioning attitude and the skills needed to continually update our knowledge and skills, which is essential in today's rapidly changing global health care environment. Reflection allows for the interconnections between observations, past experiences, and judgment to come to the forefront in clinical decision-making. Reflection gives meaning to experience and promotes a deep approach to learning because it encourages us to reframe problems, question our own assumptions, and look at situations from multiple perspectives as we analyze...
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...Exploring multiculturalism is, “...a reflective process whereby practitioners demonstrate an intentional drive to continually broaden their cultural understanding and pursue a personal journey of multiculturalism” (Munoz, 2007). The lack of exploring multiculturalism was demonstrated near the end of the ethnography, when Faidman interviewed one of Lia’s doctors, Neil Ernst. When asked if he wished he had done anything differently in regard to Lia’s care, “He answered as I expected, focusing not on his relationship with the Lees but on his choice of medication” (Faidman, 1997, p. 272). If Neil had truly been trying to develop his cultural competency and explore multiculturalism, his answer to that question should have reflected his desire to learn more about the Hmong belief systems and how they influence patient care. He went on to say, “...when there is a very dense...
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...Report on David A. Kolb's model According to the definition on Wikipedia, Learning style is an individual's natural or habitual pattern of acquiring and processing information in learning situations. A core concept is that individuals differ in how they learn. David A. Kolb's model is based on the Experiential learning Theory, as explained in his book Experiential Learning. The model outlines two related approaches toward grasping experience: Concrete Experience and Abstract Conceptualization, as well as two related approaches toward transforming experience: Reflective Observation and Active Experimentation. The first learning style is the diverging that is a combination of concerts experimentation and reflective observation. On individual, that is really dominant with the divergence and has a strong concrete experimentation and reflective observation skills. This type of person is innovative and imaginative and is going to love to work in groups. They are people-oriented, feeling-oriented and group-oriented. They do care about the diversity of culture around the group. These people are able to look at things from different perspectives. They are sensitive. They prefer to watch rather than do, tending to gather information and use imagination to solve problems. They are best at viewing concrete situations several different viewpoints. Kolb called this style 'Diverging' because these people perform better in situations that require ideas-generation, for example, brainstorming...
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...Experiential learning From EduTech Wiki John Dewey's philosophy proposed that each experience builds upon previous experiences and influences the way future experiences will affect the learner. The role of the educator is to provide experiences that will provide learners with meaningful experiences that will enable the individual to contribute to society. According to Kolb (2005) “ Experiential learning theory (ELT) draws on the work of prominent twentieth century scholars who gave experience a central role in their theories of human learning and development-notably John Dewey, Kurt Lewin, Jean Piaget, William James, Carl Jung, Paulo Freire, Carl Rogers, and others-to develop a holistic model of the experiential learning process and a multi-linear model of adult development. The theory, described in detail in Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development (Kolb 1984), is built on six propositions that are shared by these scholars.” 1. Learning is best conceived as a process, not in terms of outcomes. 2. All learning is relearning. Learning is best facilitated by a process that draws out the students' beliefs and ideas about a topic so that they can be examined, tested, and integrated with new, more refined ideas. 3. Learning requires the resolution of conflicts between dialectically opposed modes of adaptation to the world, i.e. reflection and action - and feeling and thinking. 4. Learning is a holistic process of adaptation...
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...Visualizing Research This page intentionally left blank Visualizing Research A Guide to the Research Process in Art and Design Carole Gray and Julian Malins © Carole Gray and Julian Malins 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Carole Gray and Julian Malins have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the authors of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Gower House Croft Road Aldershot Hants GU11 3HR England Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Gray, Carole Visualizing research : a guide to the research process in art and design 1.Art – Research 2.Design – Research 3.Universities and colleges – Graduate work I.Title II.Malins, Julian 707.2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gray, Carole, 1957Visualizing research : a guide to the research process in art and design / by Carole Gray and Julian Malins. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-7546-3577-5 1. Design--Research--Methodology--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Art--Research--Methodology-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Research--Methodology--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Malins, Julian. II. Title. NK1170.G68 2004 707’.2--dc22 ISBN 0 7546 3577 5 Typeset by Wileman Design Printed and bound...
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...Although there are many definitions of EBP, Muir Gray (1997) defines it as “an approach to decision making in which the clinician uses the best evidence available, in consultation with the patient, to decide upon the option which suits the patient best." The purpose of this assignment is to enable the development of skills in critical analysis by critiquing a research article, which will contribute to further development of knowledge and skills in using EBP in clinical settings. A framework developed by Hek and Moule (2006) (see pages 3- ) has been used to guide the critique of a research article. A framework was used as Caldwell et al (2010 pg e1) argue that “ frameworks assist the novice healthcare practitioner with learning about approaches to research by giving consideration to aspects of the similarities and differences between the qualitative and quantitative research paradigms.” This framework was chosen as it is comprehensive and covers points/questions raised during the critiquing process, although it is important to remember that it is not a definitive checklist and other questions may be asked during the critiquing process. The method, results and discussion sections of a qualitative research article by Weston, J.M., Norris, E.V., Clark, E.M. (2011). ‘The Invisible Disease: Making Sense of an Osteoporosis Diagnosis in Older Age’, Qualitative Health Research, 21(12), pp. 1692-1704, will be critically analysed...
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...course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor. The known submission of another person’s work represented as that of the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. || CT7001|Christopher Stabile| || The Role of the Teacher Practitioner|ArchieBCT7001-4| || Faculty Use Only Personal Capacities Barry C. Archie Northcentral University Reflective Practice requires possession of specific skill-sets in order to increase pedagogical efficiency. York-Barr, Sommers, Ghere, and Montie (2006) refer to these skill-sets as Personal Capacities. York-Barr et al. (2006) group these Personal Capacities into the two conditions they create to promote reflective practice; i) Fostering Trust and ii) Expanding Thought and Inquiry. Fostering Trust The first Personal Capacity discussed by York-Barr et al. (2006) is Being Present. Being Present refers more to a...
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...Literature Review: Our thesis aims to evaluate work based learning approaches in developing acute skills for nurses in critical care wards. In this section of the literature review, we will discuss policies in the nursing profession, case studies and various approaches to work based acute skills learning programmes. For our purposes we conducted a literature search using popular medical databases and terms such as ‘acute skills’ ‘learning programmes’ and ‘critical care learning’. Our review highlights on the several important approaches to work based learning ranging from reflective practice to experiential learning and work based formal practical training to enhance professional skills. A learning programme for acute ward nurses responsible for caring of critically ill patients has been the central focus of nursing practice development. According to Coad et al (2002), a work-based learning approach has been found to empower ward staff with the necessary skills of nursing and the authors studied the efficacy of a five-day competency based high dependency skills course in enhancing professionalism and quality of care in nursing. The aims of comprehensive critical care are developing leadership potential and enhancing networking opportunities for nurses within critical care and acute ward areas. Critical care is the most challenging aspect of nursing care and acute skills in nursing are enhanced not just by work-based learning programs but also from first hand nursing and...
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...WORDS : 2,000 SUBMISSION DATE: 10TH OF MAY 2013 The purpose of this essay is to provide a reflective account of mentoring a pre-registration nursing student in practice. A reflective model (Gibbs 1988, appendix 1) I will analyse the experience between myself as a mentor and the student under the supervision of a qualified mentor. The learning styles, The name of individuals involved shall not be mentioned in order to protect confidentiality in accordance to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) Emphasis will be put on how an environment may be created to foster a long life learning and teaching and the learning strategies that were utilised, coupled with principles of assessment and the assessment tools that were used. The role of a mentor in facilitating learning will also be appraised. What is reflection? According to, Taylor (2000), “reflection means the throwing back of thoughts and memories in cognitive act such as thinking, contemplation, meditation and any other form of attentive consideration in order to make sense of them, and to make contextually appropriate changes if they are required”. The purpose of reflection as stated by John (1999) is to promote desirable practice through the practitioner's understanding and learning about their lived experiences. John (1999) mentorship reflection. This mentorship encourages practitioners to work through a series of reflective cues, the last of which is concerned with personal learning. John (1999) mentorship provides...
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