...Problem……………………………………… 5 3. Hypothesis………………………………………………… 6 4. Research objective………………………………………… 6 5. Research Question………………………………………… 6 6. Significance of Study……………………………………… 7 7. Scope and Limitation of the Study………………………… 7 8. Research Methodology……………………………………. 7 II. Literature Review……………………………………………… 8-9 III. Discussion III.1. Interest rate versus exchange rate in Bank deposit……… 10 III.1.1 Appreciate US Dollar in Bank Deposit factor…10-11 III.1.2 Depreciate US Dollar in Bank Deposit factor….. 11 III.2. Interest rate affected in Stock market…………………... 11 III.2.1 Depreciate US Dollar in Stock Market………..11-12 III.2.2 Appreciate US Dollar in Stock Market..................12 IV. Conclusion……………………………………………………… 13 V. References…………………………………………………….14-15 Abstract In this paper, I use high frequency data to investigate the extent to which interest rate changes originated in the United States by the Reserve Federal Fund. More specifically, I am interested in understanding in effects of changes in the Federal Reserve Fund’s interest rates on differential between (short term) local currency interest rates. I also investigate how interest rate influences to the foreign exchange market when Federal set the interest rate. The result indicates that Federal Reserve’s rate can influence foreign exchange market in the bank deposit factor and in the stock market. Key words: U.S Federal Reserve, Federal Fund rate, Interest rate and foreign exchange market. ...
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...Federal Reserve paper Julio L. Aguilera ECO/372 October 17, 2012 Charles Meyers Federal Reserve paper The author of this paper will be providing you the reader with information on the United States Federal Reserve so that you have a better understanding of it and how they operate. With the information provided from the author’s research hopefully you the official will make the decision of doing business with United States Federal Reserve system after you read this paper. This paper will cover the following: what are the factors that would influence the Federal Reserve and adjusting the discount rate, how the federal funds rate affect the decisions of banks in setting their specific interest-rate, how monetary policy aims to avoid inflation and control money supply, and last but not least what indicators are evident that there is too much or too little money within the economy and how monetary policy is aiming to adjust this problem. The Federal Reserve System is the United States Central banking system which was created on December 23, 1913. Federal Reserve System was created due to financial turmoil that was occurring in early 1900's. One example of financial turmoil the nation experienced was the Great Depression which resulted in the Federal Reserve making changes to their system. The members of the Board of Governors are nominated by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. By law, the appointments must yield a "fair representation...
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...The Federal Reserve offers to the general public numerous publications available at the website of the Federal Reserve Board,http://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/. The Federal Reserve Board testimonies, press releases, monetary policy reports, the Beige Book, and a variety of other publications offer a detailed assessment of current economic activity, financial markets, and the monetary policy tools used to promote economic activity and preserve price stability. 1. Describe the Federal Reserve’s assessment of the current economic activity and financial markets. 2. Explain the Federal Reserve’s current view about inflation. 3. Describe the monetary policy tools the Federal Reserve uses to stabilize the economy and maintain price stability. 4. Based on the information you researched from Federal Reserve publications, present and justify your own economic outlook for the next 12 to 18 months. Introduction American economy is composed of financial balance of services, Agricultural, manufacturing and banking industry. In the result U.S one of the biggest global economy which comprises of foreign investments and movement of wealth in trade. From past many years the U.S economy is emerged more as service based and industrial base economy than farming based. This result the banking system to be more complex to deal with the government and currency , instituting the regulations and a centralized bank to regulate and from a policies which could limitize...
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...The Federal Reserve Response to the Recent Recession Rahman R. Funn Webster University BUSN 5620 [ July 23, 2012 ] Ms. Lynn Bailey Abstract This term paper examines the history of the Federal Reserve System and takes a look at what causes a recession and how the FED responded to the most recent one. A recession can cripple a nation if not handled properly. With this paper, I explain how necessary interest rate cuts, the purchase of bonds and mortgage backed securities, and company bailouts were needed to prevent a second Great Depression. These actions will result in the United States creating low, short term-interest rates (near zero) through 2014. The Federal Reserve Response to the Recent Recession This paper examines the history of the Federal Reserve (FED) and how they responded to the recent recession. The goal of this paper is to give the reader insight on the history of the Federal Reserve System and how it was formed. The reader will gain knowledge of what a recession is and how the FED responded to the recent one. The data used for this paper consist of a literature review of articles from the internet websites of NY Times, Federal Reserve. History of the Federal Reserve System (FED) The Federal Reserve System, commonly known as the FED, is the central bank of the United States. Congress established this bank (signed off by President Woodrow Wilson)...
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...Brief History of the Gold Standard in the United States Craig K. Elwell Specialist in Macroeconomic Policy June 23, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41887 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Brief History of the Gold Standard in the United States Summary The U.S. monetary system is based on paper money backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government. The currency is neither valued in, backed by, nor officially convertible into gold or silver. Through much of its history, however, the United States was on a metallic standard of one sort or another. On occasion, there are calls for Congress to return to such a system. Such calls are usually accompanied by claims that gold or silver backing has provided considerable economic benefits in the past. This report briefly reviews the history of the gold standard in the United States. It is intended to clarify the dates during which the standard was used, the type of gold standard in operation at the various times, and the statutory changes used to alter the standard and eventually end it. It is not a discussion of the merits of such a system. The United States began with a bimetallic standard in which the dollar was defined in terms of both gold or silver at weights and fineness such that gold and silver were set in value to each other at a ratio of 15 to 1. Because world markets valued them at a 15½ to 1 ratio, much of the gold left the country and...
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...wariness banks feel to lend. One reason that banks are reluctant to lend is because so many businesses have failed. Additionally, many small businesses are behind on their payments, and commercial real estate, business loans and others are also giving in to the stress. One way that individuals are impacted by the U. S. financial markets is when companies lay people off. People stop spending money when they lose their jobs, which has an affect on individuals, businesses, and the entire economy (Chong & Miffre, 2009). The central bank of the United States, better known as the Federal Reserve System, was created by Congress in 1913. The reason for creating the Federal Reserve System was to ensure that a safe, flexible, and stable monetary and financial system existed in the United States. The Federal Reserve chairman heads the central banking system in the United States and is the Federal Reserve Systems', executive officer of the Board of Governors (Central Ban, n.d.). The board’s responsibilities include, (1) analysis of domestic and international financial and economic...
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...is spent than earned 7. Denomination- the face value of money 8. electronic fund transfers (EFT)- money transferred from one bank account without any actual money (paper or coins) changing hands 9. electronic funds- 10. encryption- code 11. endorse- approve or sign 12. federal income tax- the tax you pay the federal government on the income you earn 13. Federal Reserve- institution responsible for creating and tracking all of the country’s money 14. FICA (Federal Insurance Contributions Act) – Social Security tax 15. fixed income/expense- income that does not change month to month 16. gross income- pay before withholdings 17. income- all the money that you earn or receive 18. net income- pay after withdrawals 19. payee-the person a check is written to 20. personal Identification Number (PIN)- identification number used with a debit card 21. purchasing power- the number of goods or services that can be purchased with a unit of currency 22. standard of living- a measure of how comfortable you are based on the things you own 23. state income tax- tax determined by individual states on the income you earn 24. surplus-when more money is earned then spent 25. variable income/expense- Activity 1: Research the Federal Reserve System – Create a short PowerPoint to inform – I will...
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...1975. PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS Professor of Economics, Harvard University, September 1999 – present; Thomas D. Cabot Professor of Public Policy, January 2004 – present. Chief Economist and Director of Research, International Monetary Fund, 2001–2003. Director, Harvard Center for International Development, 2003–2004. Professor of Economics and International Affairs, Princeton University, 1992–94; Charles and Marie Robertson Professor of International Affairs, 1995–1999. Professor of Economics, University of California at Berkeley, 1989–1991. Associate Professor of Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1985–1988. Economist, International Finance Division, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1980–1983; Section Chief, Trade and Financial Studies Section, 1984. Economist, Research Department, International Monetary Fund, Oct. 1982 – Sept. 1983. VISITING POSITIONS BP-LSE Visiting Centennial Professor, London School of Economics, 1998–99 academic year. Morgenstern Visiting Professor of Economics, New York University, spring semester 1995. Visiting Scholar, Bank of Japan, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, summer 1991. Visiting Scholar, Research Department, World Bank, summer 1989. Visiting Scholar, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, International Finance Division, 1988, 1994....
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...The Federal Reserve’s duties are to maintain the stability of the financial system, supervise and regulate banking institutions, conduct monetary policy and provide financial services to the government, such as operating the nation’s payments system. The establishment of the Federal Reserve System and how it conducts monetary policy, through interest rate variance, reserve requirement, money supply and several other programs, is fundamental to understanding the economy as a whole. The Federal Reserve Act, also known as the Glass-Owen Bill, was passed December 23, 1913 under President Woodrow Wilson (Goodseek.com). The Federal Reserve was born from the National Monetary Commission which proposed that the country needed an institution to deal with a poorly regulated banking system that was responsible for economic downturns (WFHumel.net). The original 1913 bill stated that the original act was “to have succession for a period of twenty years” and yet there have only been minor adjustments to the bill since that time (Goldseek.com). Federal Reserve is comprised of 3 divisions: the Board of Governors (BOG), the Regional Reserve Banks, and The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The BOG guides the Federal Reserve’s policy actions, studies trends in the economy, and helps forecast the economic future, In addition, the BOG also participates in monetary policy-making on the FOMC, and is responsible for bank regulations and overseeing the operations of the Reserve Banks (Goodseek...
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...Assignment Name (please do not call it assignment 1) Your Name Course Name Instructor Name Date Abstract Give a very brief description of your assignment and what you concluded. You do not have to write this as an introduction, not do you have to support your claims here. Just tell the reader what you found. Please note that this document can be used as a template; the formatting is correct. However, you may have to include additional parts not shown. Case Title A case analysis is not like a research paper; it is typically designed to answer one or more specific questions. Your case analysis should have the following parts laid out in approximately the following order. It is not absolutely necessary that you follow this format; however, where appropriate, it will make your case analysis much more easy to read and allow you to earn a higher grade. Case Contents You should have the following parts to your case. It should be formatted correctly with a title page, running head, abstract, and the case components listed below; headings can be used to mark sections. It should also be in APA format. (If you have questions about what that format is, please contact your librarian or your instructor.) The length of the case analysis depends on the complexity of the case and the thoroughness of your analysis; no one can give you a minimum word count or number of pages. * Your case analysis should begin with a brief description of the case problem. * The case problem...
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...International Economics Paper Gabriela University of Phoenix Author's Note This paper prepared for ECO/372 facilitated by Introduction The Federal Reserve system is the main banking system within the United States. Established by Congress, its primary objectives are to seek full employment for US citizens, ensure price stability, supervise banks via regulation, provide financial services to banks, the US government, and foreign official institutions, and review and stabilize long-term interest rates. A seven person Board of Governors, also known as a federal agency, administers the Federal Reserve. Currently the Board Chair is Janet Yellen, the first woman to hold the position since the Reserve's creation in 1913. The Federal Reserve balances are affected by not only the Board but by the Federal Open Market Committee, which monitors monetary and credit market conditions within the US as well as foreign exchange markets (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2015). The Reserve is an essential component in the current monetary and fiscal policy. The president and Congress are policy makers who seek to influence the economy with this monetary and fiscal policy. They seek legislation that changes taxes and increases or decreases government spending and borrowing. Central banks take cues from this legislation and therefore adjust interest rates, reserve requirements, and the buying and selling of government securities and foreign exchange...
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...Complexities of the US Financial System Impact of US Financial Markets on Economy In the United States the effect of financial markets on the economy is very high considering the fact that the majority of the main companies listed in the stock exchange play a pivotal role in contributing towards the country’s economic growth. Thus, any depreciation as it pertains to performance plummets the company’s ratings in the stock market impacting negatively on the country’s economy. Nonetheless, sometimes the dynamics evident in the stock market has limited effect on the company particularly when it entails other issues (Evans & Hnatkovska, 2005). For instance, the occurrence of the economic downturn in 2008 led to the crashing of the stock market which lead to negative economic growth; both of these are a reflection of the impact that US financial markets have on the country’s economy. Impact on businesses: US financial markets have some effect on businesses because favorable portions of the financial markets impact on businesses positively, although not always considering that some businesses solely depend on their performance to grow as opposed to the position of the stock market (Chong & Miffre, 2009). Impact on individuals: Good performance of the financial markets means improved confidence of those affected by the economy: hence, they tend to spend their money more willingly and borrow more money from banks to cater for their expenditures. Usually, when the position of the...
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...Monetary Policy in the United States: A Brave New World? Stephen D. Williamson This article is a reflection on monetary policy in the United States during Ben Bernanke’s two terms as Chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee, from 2006 to 2014. Inflation targeting, policy during the financial crisis, and post-crisis monetary policy (forward guidance and quantitative easing) are discussed and evaluated. (JEL E52, N12) Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, Second Quarter 2014, 96(2), pp. 111-21. en Bernanke chaired his last Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting in January 2014 and departed from the Board of Governors on February 3 after eight years as the head of the Federal Reserve System. So, the time is right to look back on the Bernanke era and ask how central banking has and has not changed since 2006. There is plenty in the macroeconomic record from 2006 to 2014 to keep economists and policy analysts busy for many years, so in this short piece we can only scratch the surface of what is interesting about the Bernanke era. I will focus on three issues: (i) inflation targeting, (ii) Fed lending and other interventions during the financial crisis, and (iii) post-crisis Fed policy, in particular experiments with forward guidance and quantitative easing (QE). B INFLATION TARGETING When Bernanke began his first term in 2006, I think the big change people expected was an inflation-targeting regime for U.S. monetary policy, similar to what exists in New...
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...School of Business ------------------------------------------------- Syllabus ECO/372 Version 4 Principles of Macroeconomics Whenever there is any question including about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered the ruling document. Group Number: GA11BSB08 Course Start Date: 07/17/2012 Course End Date: 08/14/20112 Course Schedule: Workshop 1 – July 17, 2012 Workshop 2 – July 24, 2012 Workshop 3 – July 31, 2012 Workshop 4 – Aug. 7, 2012 Workshop 5 – Aug. 14, 2012 FACILITATOR: Farooq A. Khan COURSE LOCATION, DAY AND TIME: Gardena Learning Center, Tuesday @ 6PM REQUIRED READING: Students are required to read all materials available at the Course Materials site for this course on https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/portal/portal/public/login.aspx | Course Syllabus School of Business ECO/372 Version 4 Principles of Macroeconomics | Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides students with the basic theories, concepts, terminology, and uses of macroeconomics. Students learn practical applications for macroeconomics in their personal and professional lives through assimilation of fundamental concepts and analysis of actual economic events. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies:...
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...FEDERAL STATE-FUNDED EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION FINANCIAL UNIVERSITY UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Department of Macroeconomic Research paper “Banking system and its role in national economy of the USA” Prepared by Yusifova Sevindzh Supervisor: Orusova O. V. Department of Macroeconomics Moscow-2014 Contents Introduction 1. Federal Reserve System as the central banking system in the USA 1.1. The essence of Federal Reserve System and its main functions 1.2. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Member Banks 1.3. The role of Federal Reserve System in national economy of the USA 1. Special features of the Federal Reserve System 2.1. The implementation of Monetary Policy 2.2. Integration with International Sphere 2.3. Rise and fall in the Fed’s balance sheet Conclusion References Introduction The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States. It was created by Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible and more stable monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve was created on December 23, 1913, with the signing of the Federal Reserve Act by President Woodrow Wilson. Today, the Federal Reserve’s duties fall into four general areas:conducting the...
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