...be easily sent from a patient’s doctor to the facility that needs them. Fixem Orthopedic must ensure that only authorized individuals, mainly the receptionists and physical therapists, can have access to these sensitive records. These files contain information that malicious people can take advantage of such as Social Security numbers and credit card and billing information. The lack of a proper security policy can result in severe penalties for Fixem Orthopedic under the HIPAA Security Rule (“HIPAA Security Rule”). Measures must also be taken to protect the network from malware, including worms and viruses. These are very serious security threats that can slow or bring down the network as well as pose a threat to data stored on the computers. Finally, the employees can pose a risk to the network’s security if they have not been properly trained to handle social engineering tactics. Improvement The security of this business’s network is vital to its continued operation. As such, all devices within the network must be properly secured. The ISP has provided each Fixem Orthopedic office with a router that has firewall capabilities, which connect each office to the Internet. A firewall is also placed on the DMZ that contains the web/email and file servers. These firewalls implement access control lists, or ACLs, to filter packets based on a number of...
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...File Management: File Access in UNIX POS/355 July 7, 2014 File Management: File Access in UNIX The Problem Company X is an organization that utilizes a UNIX operating system supporting approximately 5,000 users. Recently, the IT Department has received a request from the CEO of the company; 4,990 out of its 5,000 users on the network need to be able to access one file. How would the IT Department specify the protection scheme in UNIX where the other ten users would not be able to gain access to that one file? Traditional UNIX File Access Control According to Stallings (2012), “Most UNIX systems depend on, or at least are based on, the file access control scheme introduced with the early versions of UNIX.” Because the 4,990 users only need access to one file versus many different files, the traditional file access control UNIX provides is sufficient. The premise of UNIX file access control is based on file permissions that can assign ownership to three categories of users. The first is the user, who is the file or directory owner, usually the user who created the file. The owner of a file assigns the permissions to the file, such as the right to read the file, to write to the file (make changes to it), or, to execute the file if the file is a command (Oracle, 2012). The second category is a group. A group is “members of a group of users” (Oracle, 2012). In this case the owner of the file would create a group, assign the permissions to the group, and then add...
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...File Management POS 355 30 September 2013 Paul Rouk File Management According to Stallings (2012), “In most applications, the file is the central element.” A large number of UNIX operating systems are established on file access control. Unfortunately, permissions for both read and write cannot be assigned to only a certain number of users on the access control list (ACL). Suppose a system that must support 5,000 users was needed but only 4,990 are required to access one file, this would result in need for two user groups to be created, one group with read only permissions and another group for read and write permissions. Before implementing this protection scheme, a basic knowledge of file management hierarchy is needed. UNIX operating systems are established on file access control schemes. Every user is given an exclusive user ID along with a password to access the system. The user is also part of a primary group, which are identified with a group ID (GID). Every group has different access permissions, depending on the needs of the users within the group. They can range from read, write, and execute. By defining the permissions of each group, the users within that group can only perform the permissions assigned to them. This establishes file security because a user cannot change permissions assigned to them unless they are the superuser, known as “root”. For security measures, the superuser should be a UNIX administrator because the superuser or root has access...
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...systems were running at several places [Vangie Beal(2015)]. File permissions features of UNIX The most important feature of UNIX Operating system is that it procures a safe and sound method for storing data and information. Each file stored in UNIX has some characteristics and attributes like “owner permissions” in which it specifies that what actions and tasks the owner of the information or file can execute or perform. The second permission is “group permissions” which allows the user who is a part of group can perform different functions on a particular file of the same group but for this one must have to be a part of the group. The third is “other permissions”. It is a permission which determines what type of actions and functions, rest of the users can perform on particular file [Tutorialspoint(2014)]. Security feature of UNIX The security of the systems can be increased by some specific settings which controls the access of different users. This feature includes read, write and execute access options. The read access option allows users to view and look the content of files only. Features like addition or deletion of files are available in write access option. And execution of files is present in execute access option which allows user to run or execute a file only as a program. Further you can change permissions by two modes that using “chmod” with Symbolic Mode or using “chmod” with Absolute Permissions. You can increase the security...
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...password is by default stored as clear text, and so you will want modify the /etc/grub.conf file to store the password in an MD5 checksum. $ /sbin/grub–md5–crypt Password: (at the prompt enter the GRUB password you created at installation and press enter) $ #%t%661GFGftffgctTFTDd (This is the MD5 hash) edit the grub.conf file and replace the clear text password with the MD5 Hash. You must use the –MD5 option or the password will be stored as the MD5 Hash and not the encrypted password. Password – md5 $1$m0tLR/ $#%t%661GFGftffgctTFTDd Partitioning Partitioning correctly will help to mitigate against one specific type of denial of service. For example and attack designed to fill up a /tmp or spool directory. If your files are on the same partition as the directory under attack, your system could be rendered unusable. One should use a partition strategy where those directories that are most likely to be filled by an attacker. Typically this is /var and /home . If you are using a server for ftp or e–mail, you may want to consider separate partitions for the application specific files. /boot contains all files for boot process /home contains individual user home directories /usr contains files shared across a system by multiple users /var contains files that are dynamic by nature. ( log files, spool files, scheduler / /tmp swap contains files Contains contains for system temp paging files...
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...Week 2 File Management Paper POS/355 Joey Turner JR Professor Alicia Pearlman Most UNIX systems that you will come across are usually based on the control scheme of file access associate with early versions of the UNIX system. In UNIX, every individual user is assigned their own unique user ID that they may use to access files saved in memory. Users are identified by being a part of a private group or various groups which can be identified then by their group ID. When a file is created in LINUS it is identified as being owned by a particular user and marked with the user that created the file’s user id. The file also belongs to whatever group the user is associated with as well or else the group of its parent directory but only if that parent directory has SetGID permission configured. SetGID (SetGIUD) are access rights flags that allow users to run executable (.exe) files with the permission of user ids or group id. Protection bits in sets of twelve are associated with each file as well. The owner ID, group ID, and protection bits are part of the file’s index node-which are a data-structure used to represent a file-system object which can be a file or file directory. There are 9 of the 12 protection bits that are advocated to the user and group ids owners of the files which control reading, writing, and execute permissions. These nine protection bits then form a system of hierarchy of user id, group id, and all others. The hierarchy is also coupled with the...
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...File Management In the company which I am employed, we have employees which access one file at a time. We offer any user to access the file at any time, but if a user already have the file open. He or she cannot make any changes to the file, until the primary user close the following file. This will protect the file from getting damage by other users, or other problems which may occur. When considering a system that supports 5,000 users. Suppose to only wanting to allow 4,990 of those users to be able to access one file can be accomplish in many different ways. Access control list can provide a greater control over file permissions when traditional UNIX file permissions are not enough. UNIX file protection provides read, write, and execute permissions for three user classes: owners, groups and other. An ACL provides better file security by enabling you to define file permissions for the owner, owner’s group, others, specific users, and groups. It also enables you to define default permissions for each if these categories. Another protection scheme that can be used is the universe access information applies to all users unless their name appears in the access-control list with different access permission. With this scheme you simply put the names of the remaining ten users in the access control list but with no access privileges allowed. A file system management system is essential when dealing with the issues of file access and other services in an operating system. Access...
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...Since this is my first foray into Linux I had no idea what to write about in relation to being a Unix Administration. After looking at the topics I chose “configuration of users, group, and file/directory permissions for several reasons. The first is that I did spend some time many years ago setting up an active directory infrastructure so I am hoping to relate how to set up users in Linux to mirror that structure; if that is at all possible. The second reason is that one of the first thing an server administrator would have to do after booting and loading a file system would be to define permissions’ to allow people to get access to either the application or data on the server. I suspect that a lot of thought would have to be put into doing this, if it is not done correctly it will be ad hoc or have to be redone multiple times to get it right. Having to redo it might require all of the users to lose access while it is being redone. I think explaining how to set up the file/directory permissions relating to the access capabilities of the user/groups will also be interesting to learn. Finally the other reason that I chose this topic is that it has the most words so I in my thinking if it took that long to describe the topic hopefully there will be enough material to fill up a research paper. My goal in doing the research is to gain an understanding on these topics and pass that information on to anyone that is as clueless as I currently am on Linux. I will accomplish...
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...able to be integrated with other Unix machines. Program written on one Unix machine can be easily adapted to other Unix machines (C is particularly well-integrated with the operating system itself) (David 2013). We will discuss exactly what the protection scheme is with Unix and how 4900 users can be one file. Unix system has the ability to serve many users and these users can be organized in groups. A Unix file can distribute ownership to three different classes of users, which are user, group, and other. User is the directory owner, which is the person who created the file, group is the members of the group, and others are the users who aren’t members of the group and are not the file owner. There are three permissions for User, Group, and Others, which are Read, Write, and Execute. A user with Read permission can look at contents of that particular file, a user with Write permission can change contents in that file, and a user with Execute permission can use that particular file as a Unisex system command. Permissions only an be changed by the chmod command. To be able to achieve having 4,990 users on one file you can add each user to a group and allow access to the file for that...
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...Project Part 1 ITT Technical Institute Table of Contents Task 1 Page 3 Task 2 Page 6 Task 3 Page 7 References Page 8 Task 1 First World Bank is a savings and loan financial institution that provides services to their customers like loans, credit cards and standard banking services. First World Bank believes that once they can provide their services online they will gain $100,000,000 a year in online credit card transactions. The issue is how to securely provide their services to their customers and how they can provide those services and still save money in doing so. First World Bank will have to comply with federal regulations to be compliant and to avoid fines and sanctions. If the First World Bank fails to safe guard the information that they have stored on their customers and that information is compromised then the First World Bank will lose customers and also their reputation. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) is one of the federal regulations that the First World Bank needs to be in complaint and stay in compliance with. Gramm-Leach-Bliley is a regulation that requires banks to safe guard customer’s information and to provide how the institution shares customer’s information, what information is collected, who they share the information with, and how they protect it. This information is required to be disclosed to customers in writing, in the written notice the customer will also be advised...
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...though they are one. 2. Question : (TCO 1) A domain is a grouping of network objects, such as computers, servers, and , that provides for easier management. 3. Question : (TCO 1) Each has one or more access control entries (ACEs) that state which objects have permissions to the file or folder and what permissions they have. 4. Question : (TCO 1) The simplest way to initiate installation from another OS is to pass an unattended install answer file to the setup command. Use the Windows Kit to create an answer file for automating Windows Server 2008 installation. 5. Question : (TCO 7) When the is assigned to a file, users can view the attributes, such as read-only and hidden, of a file or folder. 6. Question : (TCO 2) The IPC$ share is used for interprocess communication between 7. Question : (TCO 3) Along with the various security options on an object, you can stop permission inheritance from an object’s parent by unselecting the permissions from the Object’s Parent check box. 8. Question : (TCO 8) A RAID 1 volume requires disk drives. 9. Question : (TCO 9) For servers that need to offer services to the Internet, consider using a demilitarized zone (DMZ), where computers can exist and communicate with the Internet...
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...[pic] ASSIGENMENT ON NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Akash Bhardawj Sir Ram Narayan Patel 11008945 K2R21 (05) Q1: List various Commands used to perform following operations a) Make your Home Directory your current directory. b) To display who is logged in your system. c) To change password for the current user. d) To move the directory /usr/local to /opt/pgms. e) To list various files and directories in current working directory. Ans:- a) Make your Home Directory your current directory. Use the 'cd' command without any target; that always puts you in the home directory which becomes by default the working directory. b) To display who is logged in your system. who command is used to get the list of the usernames who are currently logged in. Output of the who command contains the following columns: user name, tty number, date and time, machine address. $ who ramesh pts/0 2009-03-28 22:57 (dev-db-server) jason pts/1 2009-03-28 23:01 (dev-db-server) john pts/2 2009-03-28 23:04 (dev-db-server) To get a list of all usernames that are currently logged in, use the following: $ who | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort | uniq john jason ramesh c) To change password for the current user. Almost all Linux and Unix and variants have access to...
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...[pic] ASSIGENMENT ON NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Akash Bhardawj Sir Ram Narayan Patel 11008945 K2R21 (05) Q1: List various Commands used to perform following operations a) Make your Home Directory your current directory. b) To display who is logged in your system. c) To change password for the current user. d) To move the directory /usr/local to /opt/pgms. e) To list various files and directories in current working directory. Ans:- a) Make your Home Directory your current directory. Use the 'cd' command without any target; that always puts you in the home directory which becomes by default the working directory. b) To display who is logged in your system. who command is used to get the list of the usernames who are currently logged in. Output of the who command contains the following columns: user name, tty number, date and time, machine address. $ who ramesh pts/0 2009-03-28 22:57 (dev-db-server) jason pts/1 2009-03-28 23:01 (dev-db-server) john pts/2 2009-03-28 23:04 (dev-db-server) To get a list of all usernames that are currently logged in, use the following: $ who | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort | uniq john jason ramesh c) To change password for the current user. Almost all Linux and Unix and variants have access to...
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...Lab #3: Worksheet Configure Windows File System Permissions Student Name: _____________________________________________________________ Lab Due Date: April 10, 2015 If you may work in groups to complete this lab. Folder Structure Drawing You are asked to draw a folder structure that meets the scenario’s requirements. You may draw the structure on paper, use Visio or another drawing program. If you draw the structure on a separate sheet of paper, turn this in to your instructor. If you use Visio or another drawing program, paste your diagram here: Screenshots The lab requires the student to provide several screen captures at specific points in the process. Place your screen captures here in the appropriate order. Assessment Questions Overview In this lab, you reviewed a scenario requiring you to design a Windows folder structure, and you implemented your design. Next, you used the Microsoft® Active Directory Users and Computers utility to create security groups that suited the requirements in the scenario. Finally, you applied those security groups to the folder structure you designed. Questions 1. When you designed a file system in the first section of this lab, why did you choose the structure that you selected? a. What I learned how to do in the associates program 2. As you look back on the file structure that you created, what changes would you want to make if you were to use it for a real college environment? b. Make sure OU stay together 3. In...
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...often includes sending files, which need to be uploaded or downloaded once they have been sent out. In order for either of both of those processes to be carried out a user must have permission or authorization to access the file. A user(s) access is dependent upon the Access Control List (ACL) they are on which is a set of rules or guidelines which sets the permission level and access a user will have to network assets. UNIX systems are typically based on the file access control schema, which is designed to assign a User Identification number or User ID, which is unique to the individual user. The same goes for a group of users as well but instead of a single user the users are under the Group ID umbrella, which lists all individual users and designates their permissions within the group. A user can have a different set of access within their single user permission opposed to their group permissions. Files are typically secured within UNIX file permissions and through ACLs. Other types of files such as those with sticky bits, and files that are executable require additional special security measures to be implemented in order for users to access them. Traditional UNIX file permissions are classified by ownership using three classes of users: users, groups and others. The owner of the file can usually has the ability to assign or modify file permissions. The root account can also change a file's ownership. All of the permissions are carried out by command...
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