...3 Thinking Techniques to Improve Your Intellectual Horsepower Here are 3 simple thinking techniques I tend to use each day. There are some more advanced thinking techniques, but here I’m boiling down to a set of 3 you can use today. In fact, you can even use them while you read this post. I’ll go through the thinking techniques in order from simpler to more complex, so you can use them right away. For the sake of this exercise, let’s think of "thinking" as simply asking and answering questions. If you want to improve your thinking, ask better questions. Using these techniques will improve your thinking, by improving your questions. 3 Thinking Techniques Here are 3 thinking techniques I use fairly regularly: * How Might That Be True? * PMI * Six Thinking Hats How Might That Be True When you hear something new, or information that conflicts with what you think you already know, ask yourself, "how might that be true?" This simple question will open your curiosity. It can also help you build rapport. This second point is especially important. If you’re quick to prove people wrong, people won’t share information with you. Rather than fight somebody on a point, right from the start, you can help them explore the point. You don’t have to agree. Instead, you’re exploring possibility. Sometimes people have good information or knowledge, but it’s generalized so it appears to be wrong, but there’s kernels of truth or insight. PMI I think of PMI as Edward...
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...Football and Basketball clubs from 2007 PAR – Q Every day many people are getting involved in physical activity and due to wrong or inefficient preparation they are injured and are/or left mentally scarred. A PAR-Q is designed to keep you safe and to let your gym or trainer know any physical or mental illness that could hinder different activities and an instructor would like to know them. Do you have a bone or joint problem such as arthritis, which has been aggravated by exercise or might be made worse with exercise? | Yes / No | To your knowledge, do you have high blood pressure? | Yes / No | To your knowledge, do you have low blood pressure? | Yes / No | Do you have Diabetes mellitus or any other metabolic disorder? | Yes / No | Has your doctor ever said that you have raised cholesterol (serum level above 6.2mmol/L)? | Yes / No | Do you have or ever suffered a heart condition? | Yes / No | Have you ever felt pain in your chest when you do physical exercise? | Yes / No | Is your doctor currently prescribing you drugs or medication? | Yes / No | Have you ever suffered from shortness of breath at rest or with mild exercise? | Yes / No | Is there any history of Coronary Heart Disease within your family? | Yes / No | Do you ever feel feint, have spells of dizziness or have ever lost consciousness? | Yes / No | Do you currently drink more than the average amount of alcohol per week? | Yes / No | Do you currently smoke? | Yes / No | You do...
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...Football and Basketball clubs from 2007 PAR – Q Every day many people are getting involved in physical activity and due to wrong or inefficient preparation they are injured and are/or left mentally scarred. A PAR-Q is designed to keep you safe and to let your gym or trainer know any physical or mental illness that could hinder different activities and an instructor would like to know them. Do you have a bone or joint problem such as arthritis, which has been aggravated by exercise or might be made worse with exercise? | Yes / No | To your knowledge, do you have high blood pressure? | Yes / No | To your knowledge, do you have low blood pressure? | Yes / No | Do you have Diabetes mellitus or any other metabolic disorder? | Yes / No | Has your doctor ever said that you have raised cholesterol (serum level above 6.2mmol/L)? | Yes / No | Do you have or ever suffered a heart condition? | Yes / No | Have you ever felt pain in your chest when you do physical exercise? | Yes / No | Is your doctor currently prescribing you drugs or medication? | Yes / No | Have you ever suffered from shortness of breath at rest or with mild exercise? | Yes / No | Is there any history of Coronary Heart Disease within your family? | Yes / No | Do you ever feel feint, have spells of dizziness or have ever lost consciousness? | Yes / No | Do you currently drink more than the average amount of alcohol per week? | Yes / No | Do you currently smoke? | Yes / No | You do...
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...retrieved from memory also influences the outcome of analysis. This chapter discusses the capabilities and limitations of several components of the memory system. Sensory information storage and short-term memory are beset by severe limitations of capacity, while long-term memory, for all practical purposes, has a virtually infinite capacity. With long-term memory, the problems concern getting information into it and retrieving information once it is there, not physical limits on the amount of information that may be stored. Understanding how memory works provides insight into several analytical strengths and weaknesses. ******************* Components of the Memory System What is commonly called memory is not a single, simple function. It is an extraordinarily complex system of diverse components and processes. There are at least three, and very likely more, distinct memory processes. The most important from the standpoint of this discussion and best documented by scientific research are sensory information storage (SIS), short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM).29 Each differs with respect to function, the form of information held, the length of time information is retained, and the amount of information-handling capacity. Memory researchers also posit the existence of an interpretive mechanism and an overall memory monitor or control mechanism that guides interaction among various elements of the memory system. Sensory Information Storage Sensory information storage...
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...Addiction can affect individuals in different ways and is very complicated. There is no test to show if an individual will become addicted. A small number of people are genetically predisposed to addictive behaviour. If they use drugs, they are more likely than others to become addicted. However, addiction to a drug is influenced broadly by 3 main factors – the drug, the person and the environment. Drug factors include the drug’s addictiveness, how long you’ve been using it and how much you normally use. Person factors include the role of genetic differences and the individual’s capacity to cope with stresses. And environmental factors include availability of work and social integration Millions of people around the world use drugs and/or alcohol...
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...decision making is highlighted by (McGreskin) the thing that separates the best from the rest, is that the best players consistently make better decisions while under pressure. Decision making is quite simply, the process to find the optimum pass, whether that be a 40 yard switch of play to attack from the other side (where the space is) or passing the ball into the strikers feet to play a one-two or allow him to turn and run at the oppositions defence, decision making is a complex process (the best players know what they are going to do before) the process involved highlighting the number of players where the pass is intended for, both the opposition and your own team, as well as the obstacles in the way of the pass, the amount of pressure on yourself to release the ball. Football compared to other sports is an open continuous game; it is ever-changing which means that making decisions quickly is important before the scenario changes again. Without correct decision making they are more likely to panic and therefore concede possession. In football balance is significant...
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...I love the game, the physicality of the environment, the fact that I can’t focus about anything but the game while playing. It keeps me in the moment, rather than letting me get anxious about the future. I can’t ascertain when it happened, but I must’ve started taking soccer too seriously. Before every game for my club team, I’d become a ball of nervous energy, my leg bouncing in the car, hands fidgeting. I would get stomachaches and splitting headaches just from feeling too apprehensive about a game in which I can only control my performance in. It’s not like the entire outcome of the game depended on me. I can only influence the result of the game, not change it and that’s what I couldn’t yet...
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...may occur as result of failure to act when there is a duty to act. I o May occur by acting, but in an improper manner. o Four areas are relevant to the issue of negligence: (1) any action inappropriate to the line of duty (2) breach of duty (3) any action or event causing injury (4) proximate cause 10.4 WHERE NEGLIGENCE MAY OCCUR o the instructional programme o supervision o facilities and equipment o emergency care o transportation 10.5 COMMON SOURCES OF NEGLIGENCE o Physical educators may be found guilty of negligence when they fail to provide proper supervision by: - . neglecting to assist injured learners - . permitting learners to play unsafe games - . not giving adequate instruction - . taking unreasonable risks - . not organising field trips properly 10.6 CONSENT TO THE RISK OF HARM o make it any physical activity involves a certain amount of risk. o does not excuse the educator's responsibility to ensure the safety of participants. o Persons who understand the danger...
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...History of Intellectual Assessment Paper Georgiana Jackson PSY/300 April 30, 2012 Dan Erickson, Ph.D. Abstract Georgiana will discuss the history of intellectual assessment. She will also discuss how intellectual functioning can have an impact on your personal success. Some of the key figures in intellectual assessment will be discussed in this such as Alfred Binet, Jene Piaget, David Wechsler, Lewis Terman, and Jack Neglieri History of Intellectual Assessment Paper The assessment of intelligence started a long time ago in the BC era as time went by the development of intelligence testing increase and some are well respected. Intelligence tests are measures designed to assess the level of cognitive capabilities of an individual compared to other people in a population (Kowalski, R. & Westen, D., 2001). Although the different psychologist had different point of view about how to measure intelligence, they all made a impact on intelligence testing in their time period. The history of intellectual assessment can be trace back over 200 years in an era called foundation by psychologist ranging from Plato 347 BCE to Itard 1838 they formed the foundation for other to explorer in modern intelligence. The next era was called modern foundation the psychologist ranging from Locke to Darwin to Charcot continue to influence the study of intelligence. The third era which was called “The great school” made an impact of the study of intelligence. The psychologists...
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...They work on a paper just before it is due and, for lack of time, often resort to cutting and pasting passages from other sources, without proper attribution. They cut classes to print out their papers and, when something goes awry, blame the printer, the ink cartridge, even the dog. Cramming Cramming is classic procrastination. A student we will call Ana failed a major test. She cried, “But I studied, I really did!” Yes, she did but this is how Ana and her friends tackled four chapters of more than a hundred pages. They listened to the lectures but did not take notes. Thinking they understood the lessons, they did not open the textbook for a month. At 7 p.m. before the exam, they held a group study at Ana’s house. “We did not sleep at all,” Ana wailed. “We studied for 12 hours straight, up to 7 a.m. the next morning.” They were shocked that they failed. I was shocked that they expected to ace the test given their poor study habits. During the test, Ana said she remembered reading the terms the night before, but forgot the links between ideas. Human short-term memory can easily recall seven items, more or less. Tests cover more than seven things. Ana and her friends tried to force hundreds of ideas into their minds in a short time. They did not succeed. Nobody could. For long...
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...related capacities: (1) Physical Intelligence, (2) Mental Intelligence, (3) Emotional Intelligence, and (4) Spiritual Intelligence. People also have four related needs: (1) To Live - Survival, (2) To Love - Relationships, (3) To Learn - Growth and Development, and (4) To Leave a Legacy - Meaning and Contribution. People have choices - in fact, there are six choices that we have in any situation (1) rebel or quit, (2) malicious obedience, (3) willing compliance, (4) cheerful cooperation, (5) heartfelt commitment and (6) creative excitement. People want to be paid fairly, used creatively, treated kindly and given an opportunity to serve human needs in principled ways. So, whole people (body, mind, heart and spirit) with four basic needs (1) to live, (2) to learn, (3) to love, and (4) to leave a legacy) and four intelligences or capacities (physical, mental, emotional and spiritual) and their highest manifestations (discipline, vision, passion and conscience) all of which represent the four dimensions of voice (need, talent, passion and conscience). Our voice lies at the intersection of talent (your natural gifts and strengths), passion (things that naturally energise, excite, motivate and inspire you), need (including what he world needs enough to pay you for), and conscience (that still voice within that assures you of what is right and that prompts you to actually do it. Your voice (or calling) is found as you engage in work that taps your talents and fuels your passion...
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...Mental Destruction: Video Games Video games have a detrimental effect on the minds of our youth. Individuals should limit their use of video games to ensure that they have the mental capacity to succeed in life outside of a virtual world. The effect of these visual stimulations goes further than the standard aggressive behavior due to the violent content in some of these games. Additionally it affects the mental levels that hinder a child's mind from benefitting from academic activities such as reading a novel or studying for an exam. Some say that these games offer children a safe release; a world to cause destruction where no one is being harmed. The truth is they are harming themselves severely. The gaming content is a huge factor that influences adolescents to commit violent crimes. Although violence isn’t the most common outcome, the quick satisfaction in the game play causes children to become unfocused on one subject for more than a few minutes. This is one of the more long term effects that video games have on an individual. Games such as Saints Row, Call of Duty, Grand Theft Auto promote themes of violence, resulting in the answers to their problems. The player must make decisions that affect the fate of the characters in the game, usually involving killing the character as an option, which, usually, is the more favorable decision within the game. For some, the decisions that players make can transcend into real life. There are numerous news reports...
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...minds work and develop has been enormously influential, particularly in educational theory. His particular insight was the role of maturation (simply growing up) in children's increasing capacity to understand their world: they cannot undertake certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so. His research has spawned a great deal more, much of which has undermined the detail of his own, but like many other original investigators, his importance comes from his overall vision. He proposed that children's thinking does not develop entirely smoothly: instead, there are certain points at which it "takes off" and moves into completely new areas and capabilities. He saw these transitions as taking place at about 18 months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years. This has been taken to mean that before these ages children are not capable (no matter how bright) of understanding things in certain ways, and has been used as the basis for scheduling the school curriculum. Whether or not should be the case is a different matter. Piaget's stage theory describes the cognitive development of children. Cognitive development involves changes in cognitive process and abilities. In Piaget's view, early cognitive development involves processes based upon actions and later progresses into changes in mental operations. Main Elements of Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory 1. Schema 2. The four processes that enable the transition from one stage to another 3. The four stages of...
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...we can see, children are the most determine explorer because for them everything is a mystery. To discover simple unfamiliar objects, to meliorate their knowledge and to understand their environment are their major goals which we can identify as mediocre. The genuine truth about children is their capacity to understand someone even though they have minimal knowledge on how mental life processes goes through. They can easily figure it out when someone is motivated in acquiring their wants or goals. As a matter of fact, sometimes they can also distinguish what are the positive and negative emotions. On the other hand, they can also practice their false beliefs where they can hardly define between what is real and what is true. Furthermore, as we adults, we are more matured enough in thinking and behaving in all matter. We have the responsibility to modify what we perceive and to justify and stand on what we believe is right and wrong. Nevertheless, people talk too much; people think about and judge other people all the time. It is because mainly of their false beliefs. Explaining and predicting on someone’s idea is superb because you are only doing your part in expressing your point of views yet you must also be sensitive on other’s feelings. Pre-schoolers ages 5 from San Felix Elementary School were subject for this study. Experimental design was used in data...
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...information in this intermediate stage. Because we cannot possibly focus on all the information bombarding our senses at once, we shine the flashlight beam of our attention on certain incoming stimuli – often those that are novel or important. We process these incoming stimuli, along with information we retrieve from long-tem memory, in temporary working memory. Working memory associates new and old information and solves problems (Baddeley, 2001, 200; Engle, 2002). Reference in textbook on pages R-3 & R-17 Baddeley, A.D. (2001). Is working memory still working? American Psychologist, pg 56, 849-864. Baddeley, A.D. (2002, June). Is working memory still working? European Psychologist, 7, 85-97. Engle, R.W. (2002). Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 19-23. References to the three articles of my interest: My primary article: Marcus, W. (2011). School Based Working Memory training: Preliminary finding of improvement in children’s mathematical performance. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, V.7. My secondary articles: Wilson, K.M., & Swanson, H.L. (2001). Mathematics Disabilities Due to a Domain General or a Domain Specific Working Memory Deficit. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 237. Hitch, G.J., & McAuley, E. (1991). Working Memory in Children with Specific Arithmetical Learning Difficulties. British Journal of...
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