...Corrections Branch Submitted by: Joseph Smith CRJ 201: Intro to Criminal Justice Instructor: Janice Bella Submitted on: 1 June 2015 In this paper, I will review the origins of the Corrections and how it helps us today with those who choose to commit crimes. I will also cover the basis of how Constitutional given rights are upheld within the prison system itself, and how the public is involved with the goings on within the prisons. According to the article Why State Prisons by W. David Ball, state prisons in 2012 held approximately 1.3 million people which is almost twice the amount of people in county jails and more than five times the federal prison populations. This number is only estimated to go up as the years go on if left unchecked. Also according to the article, California passed policy to reform their prison and jail population problems, their state prisons now only accept violent offenders and sexual predators rather than all types of felons, with the remaining criminal elements serving their time in local jails. The state prisons began to be overpopulated due to the government taking on more and more prisoners to use as labor (road crews, ditch digging, etc;) and granted the government a flow of surplus cash as a result. That helped the economies then but...
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...Melvin Coe Thomas Edison State College SOC-384-OL010 Abstract In this paper I will attempt to prove that gangs are a problem in our society today and jails are not the solution to this problem. I will also attempt to show that people and organizations on watch are not only slowing down gang activity, but in all their power trying to put an end to it. Gang Activity in Camden I also did my own research about the gang activities in Camden and surrounding areas. This came up with a lot of interesting information that I did not know anything about. The arrests and sentencing factors associated with these gangs, the policing to reduce gang corners, and the violence cause by these gang members. For my online searches I used google and Firefox. This is where I typed in the information and was able to access the Newsworks, which gives you a break down by city or state. I also went on the Temple University site, which I was able to research data in their Department of Criminal Justice. I wanted to familiarize myself with some of the policies that the police and government are trying to put in place to stop the gang violence. A friend of mines who is a Paralegal allowed me do access her LexisNexis program, which gives you a lot of details on cases involving gangs not only in your area, but others as well. Interview: On Friday, June 5, 2015; I spoke with a retired police officer, which he did not want his real name to be mentioned, so we will call...
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...story of gang violence that happened in the city recently. A LA Times reported one said of his newspapers coverage that we “generally painted a scary scene” of gang violence (Metcalf, 2012 pg. 336). In fact, many report used the term “gang-related” with out any official police reports that it was a gang that committed that crime. This is because “it generated interest” in the story and due to journalistic liabilities, because “any group of people who are involved with crime can technically be termed a ‘gang’ even if they have no street affiliation” (Jankowski, 1992 pg. 286). Today, many media will admit, that in the 1980s there was a lot of hype about gangs and other social issues like the crack epidemic. Hollywood and the entrainment industry has also found a great success hyping up street gran activity in producing movies and television shows. Going back to 1961 with West Site Story, to Boyz ‘N the Hood (1991), and recently Dexeptz (2012). Each of these movies grossed millions of dollars. In the past few years you seen a number of street gangs shows on television, like the History Channels, Gangland (2007-2010) and currently The Devils Ride and Amish Mafia on the Discovery Channel. Some of these shows are questionable in the reality and truthfulness, however that just supports the idea on the media still enjoys the hype of gangs. For the most past gangs are not positive organizations and the media does play a role in creating a hype and negative perception of gangs. Some...
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...Causes of Crimes Today A Research Paper Submitted to the Humanities Department Of Father Saturnino Urios University Butuan City . In Partial Fulfillent of the Course English 102A A Paper Submitted by Roland M. Retiza Victor Paulo Butcon BSCRIM1 March 2014 Table of Contents Title Page Introduction Introduction: The world is not as easy as it looks to be, at one time people could sleep with their windows up and doors unlocked, but in today’s society people have to lock and close the windows. Crime today is very rampant and is at an ultimate high which the world is slowly falling apart. You can think and ask yourself, what is happening to our world today? Teenagers are not what they use to be. A long time ago, teenagers were loyal, respectful, and helpful to their parents, but not anymore. Today’s teenagers live their own lives. They do what they want when they want, and they don’t listen to anyone much less to their parents. These teens drinks, use illegal drugs, steal, and murder. They also feel the need to be accepted by their own kinds. This is how gangs are formed. A gang is a group of criminals or hoodlums who band together for mutual protection and profit. These gangs are the greatest cause of crime in the world today because they participate in frivolous act in order to survive. To become a gang member one must go through an initiation which could consist of anything from shoplifting to murder. One initiation includes...
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...to certain crimes and court cases that have been conducted through the past. In this paper, we will look at two specific theories on how they are being used to explain or discover links between certain situations and factors. These theories allow us to see crimes in different perspective. Specifically, the theory’s in this paper we will explore rational choice theory on labeling and the linkage between arrest and gang membership, social control and differential association in relation to gangs. Each article gives us a study or situation that shows the theory’s effectiveness in explaining certain situations or actions. Gang Membership and Race as Risk Factors for Juvenile Arrest Michael Tapia article piece, “Gang membership and race as risk factor for juvenile arrest” addresses the linkage between arrests and gang membership while also exploring their race and ethnicity in correlation with their gangs. Throughout his research, Tapia shows that “gang members and racial minorities experienced undue arrest”(Tapia, 2011) which can be understood that gang members and minorities, in some cases, are easy targets for arrests because they easily fit the description or label of a law breaker or delinquent. These descriptions that law enforcement and the media portray on these gang members and minorities can eventually lead to future false Running head: Literary review 2 arrests no matter if they are justified or not. Typically, law enforcement sees gang members as...
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...2012 AIU Online 6/23/2012 ------------------------------------------------- Theories of Crime Causation Unit 3 Ind. Project The Sociological Theories Abstract The author of this paper focuses on the mainstream of criminology and the sociological theories of crime that have dominated the landscape for decades. The author focuses specifically on the social control theory, strain theory, differential association theory and the neutralization theory. These theories are often spoken due to their historical significance which was discovered during research in an attempt to examine delinquency and deviant behavior. Included in this paper the author shares with you her opinion as to the strengths and weaknesses of each theory. Further, she provides you with an example of a recent criminal arrest as it pertains to one of the aforementioned theories and the relevance that it has in explaining the offenders criminal actions. The first and most influential strain theorist is Robert K. Merton (1938). His original statement of anomie/strain theory is the basis for all of the theoretical developments. The strain has two associate components the first component is strictly focused on the concept of anomie (abnormalities), while the second is centered on the social structures, and the influences that society contributes to the strain theory. If you were to separate or combined these two components either way can lead an individual to a higher level of deviance...
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...Chapter I INTRODUCTION Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis iis an English word that refers to a lung disease that is otherwise known as silicosis. It is the longest word in the English language published in a dictionary, the Oxford English Dictionary. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, it is "an artificial long word said to mean a lung disease caused by inhaling very fine ash and sand dust."[1] Silicosis is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust, and is marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs. It is a type of pneumoconiosis Statement of the problem 1. What is the couse of Pneumoconiosis? 2. How can it be prevented? 3. What are the symptoms? 4. How can affect in our body? 5. What are the treatment? Statement of the Hypothesis HO1: .A pneumoconiosis cause by inhalation of every fine silicate or quartz dust which is found in volcanic ash. HO2: Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is fairly easy to prevent. Most countries do not have any volcanoes or any other places where silica dust exposure is likely. In case you live in one of the countries that does, here are few ways how to prevent this disease: Do not go in or near an active or non-dormant volcano. Do not expose yourself to silica dust for long periods of time. If or long periods of time...
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...Insecurity: A strategy to save our youth from organized crime Introduction Organized crime is criminal organizations are terms which categorise transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals, who intend to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit Literature Review In his study, Irving Spergel (1990) found out that gangs exist in large, middle sized cities and they are now spreading to suburban and smaller countries around the world. Gangs have turned out to be important social institutions for low income male youths and youth adults from newcomer and residual populations. This can be attributed to the fact that gangs serve social, cultural and economic functions that are no longer adequately performed by the families of these young people, the schools they go to and finally the labor market. Youth gangs are now present in both socialist and free market societies, developing and developed countries, these clearly shows that society as a whole failing terribly in regard to proper upbringing and guidance of the youth. A study by Jeff Ferrell showed that cultural space has a significant impact on youth crime. Cultural space denotes those arenas in which young people construct meaning, perception and identity from e.g. media factories, political machines and legal bureaucracies. The media displays popular culture as a youthful lifestyle that involves drugs, a lot of money, violence and delinquent behavior....
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...The Broken Windows Research Paper Graffiti on walls, trash in the sidewalks, loitering in the corner, drunks roaming in the streets and prostitutes attracting customers on the same sidewalks children walk to school on. From a certain perspective, it is viewed as minor crime something the community shouldn’t worry about. Sooner or later though that graffiti attracts more territorial vandals fighting for dominance over the streets, probably the worst trash there is. The worst thing that will occur however is still to come, the community will no longer feel at home and feel more and more distant, the city gives an image that no one cares,(community policing, pg. 64) and the citizens will start feeling the same and feel as if everything bad can get tolerated, crime rates go up and morale goes down. However there is something that can be done, a phenomenon that will give end to this non sense and incivilities; The Broken Windows theory. The Broken Windows theory introduced by social scientist James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling states that in order to maintain control of crime in the community. Law enforcement should enforce small crimes (“petty”) in order to prevent bigger crimes from happening. Law enforcement prevents small crimes by emphasizing aggressive enforcement, sweeps, arrests, tickets, and using tactics such as directed patrol and selective enforcement. One in which you deter the crime problem by heavy policing which is usually more expensive to a department. The...
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...Gang Violence: What Really is Going on? Professor Holly Walpole ENG 1270: English Composition II Module 4: Research Paper Indiana Tech 10 December 2014 Outline THESIS: Gang violence is an escalating problem in American society today I. Gangs in the United States are becoming more violent and deadly than ever. Thousands of people are dying each year from these ill-mannered thugs. II. Gangs within the past two decades, beginning in the early 1980’s a growing concern has been focused on what can be considered a social epidemic among the youth of our nation. III. In recent times, the news media has cried out against violent media, painting it as the leading cause for youth violence. Gang violence is an escalating problem in American society today. The article offers developments on the research initiated in the 1990 related to the gangs in America. It also examines the increasing proliferation of criminal gangs of Central America origin. Furthermore, it considers the threat that gang violence and gang criminal syndicalism pose to U.S. regional security and foreign policy objectives when gang widening reaches that third generation gangs. There are many different factors that can be blamed for this problem. During the last decade of the twentieth century people began searching for answers to this dilemma which is haunting America. Many tragic school shootings have taken place within the last decade that have the attention of the public. As of now, no one...
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...Gang activities in Chicago and it suburbs. Introduction Deindustrialization brought the new generation of young gangsters. Its number increases every year, all over the country, in cities of different sizes. Are those gangs the product of restructuring economics? Can they be considered a new social minority? What policy should the community use to control this problem? I decided to write my research paper about the gang activities during the deindustrialization because I think it is very important for political scientist to research how economical and political changes may impact the society and public policy. In my work I answer such questions as what challenges the urban administration experiences during the globalization and how to respond to them. This topic has its actuality today because gangs are becoming a new social “underclass”. (Taylor, 1990, p. 81) What does it mean? With the end of industrialization era a lot of job opportunities disappeared for a new generation of youth. Moreover, gang bands usually act as well-armed economic groups. As the result, many young males were involved in street gang activities such as drug dealing and other criminals. Once those young ones fall in criminal they stay involved in gang activities even when they become adult. (Hagedorn, 1991, p.529) It is remarkable to notice that Mass Media also had its role in growing new population of gangs. The Hollywood industry usually shows images of rich, famous gangsters...
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...The article Abolish the Juvenile Court: Youthfulness, Criminal Responsibility and Sentencing Policy by Barry Fields is power packed with his research, his opinions on the Juvenile Justice System. There is no question why he has reached the conclusions that he has because his research backs him. One of the points that he makes is that the criminal justice system for juveniles is more like a social welfare agency than a punitive system. What Mr. Barry Fields feels is that there should be one court for juveniles and adults. He made some interesting points when he stated that because legislative amendments has changed the court’s atmosphere and now instead of justice being served by the juveniles for the crimes that they commit the court employs a more scientific and psychological approach for these juveniles. Mr. Fields submits that to provide shorter sentencing for the juvenile offender does not need a different court system. What there should be is one court for the juvenile as well as the adult. The judge should be well versed with the law of the state that they are presiding or sitting and should have the ability to reign over both. Again there should be no separate courts. It was in the nineteenth century that they had the formation to juvenile court reform. Then crime was not at an all-time high as it is now. They made the provisions to have a separate system so that they could address the needs of the individuals. This is when they became more social then punitive...
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...of female gang members that were surveyed left the gang due to pregnancy. Yet, these facts are controversial, to another study that found no such factor of motherhood to play a role (O'Neal, Decker, Moule, Pyrooz, 2014). Being part of the criminal justice system, can be a turning factor for female gang members. Being incarcerated can result in a more realistic approach in the life of a gag member (O'Neal, Decker, Moule, Pyrooz,...
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...the society as the person can be harmful and dangerous to other people, and also stop him from enjoying civil liberties, thus enhancing the sense of deprivation and lack of freedom as a punishment to deter him from repeating the crime in the future. Although this may sound an ideal way to deal with criminals, the ground realities are quite different from the expected results. As no solution is perfect and without flaws, the same goes with this problem of handling criminal behaviour and controlling uncivil citizens, thus increasing problems inside the prisons and penitentiaries. Prisons hold a complete new world inside them. As the most dangerous people from all over the country or province/state are collected in a single space, the chances of different mishaps and unwanted happenings are increased a hundred fold. Therefore, the prison service or probation service should be capable of handling such situations. Furthermore, the prison service should competent enough to prevent any incidents from happening at all. Containing any undesirable situations, preventing jailbreaks, controlling prisoner riots, thwarting murder attempts and violent attacks, halting drug trafficking, preventing any sexual harassment or assaults and frustrating any prison gangs from causing any harms are the primary tasks of a prison service. Further duties include the training of convicts to become a better citizen of society, provide them with adult education (if required), providing proper healthcare...
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...Research Paper Social Research Methods Fulkerson Research Question: What are the main factors that lead teenagers to join gangs? Hypothesis: The amount of violence, crime, and fear gangs create in society has only been increasing throughout the years. One of the major problems with these gangs in society is that teenagers are the main members of them. The topic I am going to do my research experiment on, and try to find more valid research on is the reasons why teenagers join gangs. When conducting my research I would want to find out the main reasons what is driving teenagers to participate and turn to gangs. There can be so many factors that pushes a teenager to rebel and go as far as relying on gangs to be there for them. This would be great research to expand on, because learning what motivates these teenagers to join gangs would increase peoples knowledge about it. Increasing peoples knowledge about it I think would decrease the number of teens joining them. Friends, family members, school teachers and many more would be able to point out the early signs, or factors in their life that might be affecting them to go down the wrong path. With more knowledge about the teenage gang situation people might be able to steer kids into getting some help, such as talking to a counselor about their struggles, or directing them into better extracurricular activities such as sports or clubs. Method of Investigation: Based on previous literature I have read up on and studied...
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