...film, Taxi Driver, seen through the maladjusted protagonist, Travis Brickle, is both of seeing and of being. Taxi Driver affirms Laura Mulvey’s idea of the “male gaze,” a combination of the interaction of looks, fetishism, voyeurism, and pleasure in (Hollywood) cinema. Mulvey outlines three different looks within film: of the director and camera, of the spectator, and of the male protagonist. Film, as Mulvey argued, perpetuates the “male gaze.” In the film, emblematic of the “male gaze,” Travis is presented as the dominant male while most female characters are treated and seen as objects of sex and desire—cheapened, eroticized, submissive—though he one female, Betsy, is treated and seen with reverent affection. In addition,...
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...The Ways of Seeing What is the male gaze? The male gaze is defined as how men perceive women. It is when you are looking at an object and you begin to see something more than just the thing itself, this is when you see a relation between the object and yourself. This is what men related too. Referring to an article by Berger, Ways of Seeing, male gaze is seeing through the eyes of men. Berger states, “ Men look at women. Women watch themselves being looked at” (47). This statement explains how women became not only became an object but, “an object of vision: a sight” (47). Basing this among the subject of European oil painting, the nude oil paintings were the mostly focused on this subject. The main idea of the nude oil painting was to define the difference between naked and nudity. According to Berger, “ Naked is to be oneself. To be nude is to be seen by others and yet not recognized for oneself “ (54). These nudes were made to attract viewers, especially men. Even till this day in the modern society, there are many ways that women are being looked at. It is seen in modern day television, fashion, and photography that these women are a sight for men too look at and see women as an appetite. Berger states, “ A woman’s presence expresses her own attitude to herself, and defines what can and cannot be done to her- her presence is manifest in her gestures, voice, opinions, expressions, clothes, chosen surroundings, taste” (46). Even these examples that inquire the same...
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...Reference. In my view, "The Tell-Tale Heart" foregrounds different stages of Ego-Evil as the narrator defines himself through the narcissistic eye, the malicious glare, and the enigmatic gaze of the other. In the story, the narrator clearly grounds himself as a powerful Master who can determine all values. As a result, he sees that he is sane, and that his disease is good. His disease has merely "sharpened [his] senses -- not destroyed -- not dulled them" (91). He remains an absolute Master who has an eye for the ultimate Truth, hence he can "calmly tell [the readers] the whole story". This episode foregrounds the way of the eye, which is always on the side of the Subject and its narcissistic fantasy. In the Lacanian context, the eye allows the self to see itself as a unified creature and as a judge, hence the eye is essentially related to the imaginary "identity-building" process. However, as the eye sees what it wants to see, "sight" or "insight" can mean bias. As noted by Ellie Ragland, the eye gives a narcissistic perspective of "unification and fusion" that does not guarantee truth, though it certainly offers a personal "principle of law or judgment" (95). In the story, the eye's bias shows itself when the narrator immediately views the old man's disease in a negative light. The old man's cataract is seen to be the "Evil Eye" (89). If we borrow Martin Buber's concept, we may as well call it the "I-Thou difference." John Cleman believes that the narrator's mental...
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...cinematic means of expression with psychoanalytic analysis of desire structures and the formation of subjectivity. The semiotic end of Mulvey's analysis enables the deciphering of how films produce the meanings they produce, while the psychoanalytic side of the article provides the link between the cinematic text and the viewer and explains his fascination through the way cinematic representations interact with his (culturally determined) subconscious. Mulvey's main argument in "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" is that Hollywood narrative films use women in order to provide a pleasurable visual experience for men. The narrative film structures its gaze as masculine. The woman is always the object of the reifying gaze, not the bearer of it (this has something reminiscent of John Berger's "Ways of Seeing") The cinematic gaze is always produced a masculine both by means of the identification produced with the male hero and through the use of the camera. Mulvey identifies two manners in which Hollywood cinema produces pleasure, manners which arise from different mental mechanisms. The first involves the objectification of the image, and the second one the identification with it. Both...
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...When dinosaurs roamed the earth, a far flung star bathed a world in nascent, invigorating light. Upon its surface dwelled beings such as ourselves, bipedal, two ears, two eyes, proud and tall. They flourished beneath the watchful eye of a virile star, languishing its warming rays upon such a small, careful world. These humanoids had progressed to the twentieth century, almost at the cusp of space travel, nearly within reach to embrace their mother’s warmth in the cool black of space. Yet, her age was showing, the once vibrant stars’ rays became a scathing red, her mass ballooned, and the once welcoming starlight became a bane for these once proud beings. Iron chilled her breast, and the sunlight that once stoked life in abundance now stifled her creations. Great works and colors were stripped of their vibrancy. Cities melted, minds boiled. Their flesh plagued with cancers, boils, and all manner of degenerative disease. A once hopeful culture became one of dread and worry, every moment but a ruesome reprieve from the scathing sun and the chilling eternity of death. Death became them. Their cities, their culture, great tombs in expectancy of the inevitable coming of death. They knew nothing but the grave and the sheer black obelisks that now towered above their homeworld, a meager attempt to hide from the fetid starlight of their corpse star. An untold time passed before their cancer ridden bodies, the death that so halted their progress to that of a sparrow moving grains of...
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...In her landmark essay, “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema,” Laura Mulvey concludes by saying that one goal of film theory is “to free the look of the camera into its materiality in time and space and the look of the audience into dialectics, passionate detachment.” However ambivalent about the object she describes, Mulvey writes out of a fervor motivated by the history of classical Hollywood film and feminist analysis. That is, while one pleasure might be destroyed in the process of analysis, it is replaced by another. This is in part what Roland Barthes means when he suggests that we bring to the cinema “an amorous distance.” It is also akin to the ambivalence that Christian Metz enacts when he writes, “I have loved the cinema, I no longer love it. I still love it.” Whatever distance or detachment each writer demands of the film viewer, each also acknowledges that our relation to the cinema, to film, and to film theory also contains a kind of love, fueled by passion. In an attempt to investigate the connections between cinephilia and cinema studies, this seminar will focus on a collection of theoretical readings fueled by both passionate attachments to and detachments from the object we love, no longer love, and still love. With a special focus on the “subject” – the “I” – that writes theory, we will therefore look at these writings as a set of ideas born out of passion, experience, and the generation of intellectual thought in an attempt, ultimately, to understand these...
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...Laura Mulvey theorises that visual pleasure in the mainstream cinema is largely founded upon a male gaze that fetishises the female body and positions the male spectator voyeuristically in relation to the film. To what extent you agree with this hypothesis? The ‘Male Gaze’ is a term that refers to instances in film, where the audience view a scene through the perspective of a heterosexual man. For example, a scene that focuses on a woman’s curves and these features are accentuated in some way, such as, purposeful camera movements or through the use of slow motion and/or cut-aways. The term was first coined by Laura Mulvey in her article “Visual pleasure and Narrative cinema”. In this article, Mulvey advocates that the use of the Male Gaze in films, causes women to only be admired for their physical appearance and therefore relegates women to the stature of objects, refusing them human identity. She demonstrates this by using film examples that infer a female’s existence in the film world is only in relation to the male, that she has no real importance, besides how she makes the male feel or act. Mulvey states female characters only serve two roles in a narrative: 1) As an erotic object for the characters within the narrative to view, and 2) As an erotic object for the spectators with the cinema to view. They tend to slow the narrative down; they give men inspiration to act, they are considered passive. Where as male characters push the narrative forwards making events happen...
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...to maintain position through security needs by task-related activities. After taking the LSI survey my primary and secondary styles of thinking fall under aggressive/defensive thinking. My limiting style of thinking falls under passive/defensive thinking. My primary thinking style, power, measures your self-worth to a degree that we can control and dominate others. Power thinkers lack confidence in others and try to establish their feelings of self-importance. Power thinkers are characterized to be aggressive and to have a rigid way of thinking. Power thinkers have a high need for control, power, prestige, and status. Power thinkers dictate the actions of others and they are threatened by undermined authority. Consequently, the qualities I found to be true about me regarding power is that I have a lot of aggression, lack confidence in others, and I have a high need of control and influence. At work I like to influence my coworkers to strive high and push towards things that they will improve their lives. I like to try and control my relationships and daily activities. Also, I have a tendency of trying to control situations that I have no control over. Furthermore, I disagree with the power style characterization. I use power to keep my daughters in line and my life in order. I...
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...levels are at analyzing the environment? 2. “To manage transactions with the organizational environment effectively, managers should chart the forces in the organization’s specific and general environments, noting (a) the number of forces that will affect the organization, (b) the pattern of interconnectedness or linkages between these forces, (c) how rapidly these forces change, and (d) the extent and nature of competition, which affects how rich or poor the environment is.” (Managerial Implications, p. 73) Conduct a specific analysis of Yahoo’s environment, identifying each of the 4 factors listed above. 3. “Taking that analysis, managers should plan how to deal with contingencies. Designing inter-organizational strategies to control and secure access to scarce and valuable resources in the environment in which they operate is the first state in this process” (Managerial Implications, p. 73) 4. How is Resource Dependence Theory illustrated in Yahoo’s relations with its environment? 5. Illustrate the concepts of symbiotic and competitive interdependence, using Yahoo’s case history. Did Yahoo effectively manage its interdepencies? 6. As a consumer, how would you rate Yahoo against its major competitor Google? Why? Part I. Identification of Problems (2-4 pages) Using only the information provided in the case, identify and explain the problems that the company is having. In...
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...Telstra suffered from an embarrassing situation which risked losing its position of dominance. The main reason for this is that its management structure, that is, classical management. The report will argue that the problem of classical management and offer a recommendation for this situation. From this case, it is clearly to identify the management problem is that classical management. There are some facts, which can prove this. One of the fact is that the organization assets were privatised in a way that allowed the organization to function as a monopoly. In addition, another fact is that Telstra block competitors' access to the network. Both of these examples emphasize Telstra aimed at controlling others. Telstra control market by controlling competitors in order that it is a monopoly. According to William C, the classical management focus is controlling others(1992). In terms of investment, Telstra invest $300 million in upgrading network, and they want to get all providers to use this network. This means Telstra maximize return on investment, they also focus on short-term goals. William C stated that the classical management revolves managers are seen as keepers of scorecards who manage toward short-term goals and they maximize return on investment(1992). All of this facts are in accordance with classical management models. In view of the above-mentioned facts, a recommendation is provided. Telstra should adopt new paradigm management. According to William C, the...
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...the storage of products, and their primary purpose is to maximize the usage of available storage space. Distribution centers emphasize the rapid movement of products through a facility, and they attempt to maximize the throughput. 4. Cross-docking is a process where a product is received in a facility, occasionally married with product going to the same destination, then shipped at the earliest opportunity, without going into long-term storage. This could affect warehousing design as cross-docking is more desirable by allowing more receiving and outgoing delivery doors, or a bigger floor space to handle more product movements. 6. The advantages of private warehousing are: cost is spread over more units of inventory, more control over storage needs, control over product placement within the facility, and access to product whenever the company needs. A few disadvantages are: initial cost is very high, fluctuating demand means loss of productive space, high interest rates cause more cost for financing, and a reduction in the company’s flexibility in relation to their external environment. 11. The trade-off between order-picking versus stock-replenishing is: keeping both teams working on the same floor at the same time will save on managerial personnel being needed, it will also cause congestion. 18. To start with, hazardous materials means that enhanced security focusing on people, facilities, and processes must occur. Secondly, proper documentation and signage needs to be able...
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...INTRODUCTION Every human been has several needs and desires. But no individual can satisfy all his wants. Therefore, people work together to meet their mutual needs which they cannot fulfill individually. Moreover, man is a social being as he likes to live together with other people. It is by working and living together in organized groups and institutions that people satisfy their economic and social needs. As a results there are several types of groups, eg..; family, school, government, army, a business firm, a cricket team and the like. Such formal groups can achieve their goals effectively only when the efforts of the people working in these groups are properly coordinated and controlled. The task of getting results through others by coordinating their efforts is known as management. Just as the mind coordinates and regulates all the activity of a person, management coordinates and regulates the activities of various members of an organization. Every organization, regardless of size, has developed and implemented its own management in order for it to run smoothly and accomplish the vision, goals and objectives it has set forth. As such, the basic function of management, broken down into four different areas, allow for it to handle strategic, technical and operational decisions for the organization. The four function of management are: planning, organizing, directing and controlling. PLANNING Planning is the core area of all function of management. It is the foundation...
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...in our Contemporary Management textbook, our class was assigned to determine if Mr. Edens’ behavior was ethical and acceptable or unethical and unacceptable. Secondly, we needed to provide the rationale for our answers and provide examples. Mr. Edens has created a highly controlled workplace with close manager supervision and surveillance. Even though I don’t agree with this environment, I think Mr. Edens’ behavior has been ethical and acceptable. Lockbox Processing: No Place to Hide Mr. Edens’ company, Electronic Banking System Inc., specializes in “lockbox processing.” Due to the sensitive nature of this financial service, Mr. Edens has implemented many controls to monitor his employees. Workers handle thousands of dollars in checks and cash, and thus they need to be monitored closely. These controls are designed to limit theft which reassures customers that their money is safe. Managers sit at the front of the room on raised platforms; other supervisors watch employees from the rear. While some may consider this approach intrusive, these techniques exist in many workplaces today where employees come in direct contact with money. Mr. Edens’ employees work in an area called “the cage.” No talking is permitted, the windows are covered, and many common items that workers usually have at their desks are banned. Mr. Edens is able to monitor this environment with a series of eight cameras which have the ability to zoom in closer on employee’s activities. Personally...
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...scientific management which is a scientific approach to management that requires all tasks in organizations are analyzed, routinized, divided and standardized in depth instead of using rules of thumb (Buelens et al, 2011). The scientific management was developed because that production at his time was controlled by the workers in terms of the pace and nature of production, which was viewed by him as the cause for inefficient production. He then divided tasks into subtasks and eliminated the unnecessary subtasks to get an optimal time. Each task had to be performed in the best way and workers have no right to choose how to do their tasks (Buelens et al, 2011). Thus, through removing employees’ discretion over the work, managers were able to control over the method and pace of working, and to take the responsibility for planning each activity to ensure that every step was in line with business objectives. Moreover, based on the assumption that workers can not be trusted to perform their jobs diligently, work activities were tightly controlled through supervision and monitoring. However, Taylor believed that people were rational beings who could be motivated through financial incentives. Piece rate reward system was used to reward people when they reached a certain target (Buelens et al, 2011). Critiques of Taylorism mostly come from humanistic side. Although social scientists agree that modern management methods have led to greater material wealth and thus a higher standard of life...
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...with the number of products that are produced for sale. Example of these costs includes wages of production, electricity power to run machines, raw materials and the cost of maintaining inventory. These costs fluctuate depending on the activity of the business and should be controlled for the business to accrue profits. Various strategies can be employed to control variable costs (Bragg, 2011). Products and service provided need to be scrutinized in order to find out the most cost effective one. The costs can be reduced by reducing the production of products that provide least profits while at the same time investing in products that are more lucrative. For example, raw material can be scrutinized to find out the best sources that will be more cost effective in the production of various products. Another way to control the costs is to cut expenditure on fluctuating costs such as employee salaries and advertising costs before targeting the fixed costs like utilities and rent. Reducing fixed costs can put strain on the operational and financial status of the business compared to when variable costs are cut. This control strategy may be challenging especially in the case where there is stiff competition. For instance, to be able to compete favorably in...
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