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Genital Chlamydia

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Submitted By tinas406
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Health promotion
Genital Chlamydia is a sexually bacterial infection that is asymptomatic in most infected individuals and is related with short- term and long- term morbidity. It is caused through unprotected intercourse with another person with Chlamydia and also through contact with other mucous membranes found in the eyes and mouth.
The infection mainly affects men in the urethra and for women it is both the endocervix and urethra. Furthermore, the rectum, pharynx and conjunctiva can also be infected. * Anyone who has sexual intercourse can get this infection through unprotected anal, vaginal or oral sex. * Pregnant women with Chlamydia can pass on the infection to their baby during delivery causing an eye infection or pneumonia for the new-born.

* Chlamydia occurs worldwide * It is the most common STI that has been diagnosed in GUM clinics with a big increase since mid 1990’s. * Teenage girls and adult men have the highest rates of Chlamydia infections within the UK * reproductive health problem as 10-30 % of women infected can develop pelvic inflammatory disease leading to infertility.
Chlamydia is a significant public health issue because of... * Untreated Chlamydia can lead to secondary diseases such as pelvic inflammatory disease, sub fertility and other poor reproductive outcomes. * These secondary diseases caused by Chlamydia has a big impact on the NHS in terms of cost and treatment. Public Health of England reports in 2013 how 100 million is spent per year on IVF and tubal surgery. * Although there is effective treatment and inexpensive the control of Chlamydia can be challenging as most people infected are asymptomatic. * Although there is inexpensive and effective treatment available, control of Chlamydia can be challenging as most people infected are asymptomatic.
Chlamydia infection also facilitates the transmission of HIV infection (Shaw,2011)

Here is a table showing the rates per 100,000 people of all ages for Chlamydia in Brent between 2010- 2012 which is then compared to London and England
Brent had the highest rate of Chlamydia infection in 2010 which then decreased in 2012 by 13.6% in comparison to London and England. Overall, England residents have a lower rate of genital
Chlamydia infection in relation to Brent in 2012 by 20%. This demonstrates to us that Brent is still at high risk.
National Initiatives –
Aim of the (NCSP) is to control Chlamydia through early exposure and treatment of asymptomatic infection. The level of testing through screening achieved in England has resulted in a fall in prevalence. Young adults will be offered screening as part of a routine consultation which will prevent infection and have more awareness.
Partner Notification Policy Infected people are interviewed by public health professionals, thereafter, sex partners are to be contacted to notify them and convince them to seek evaluation and treatment. This will prevent further transmission of Chlamydia towards new partners.
SHOC delivers programmes of sexual health awareness and support for young people within the community. They promote condom distribution schemes through GP and voluntary sector in Brent. This way, Chlamydia can be prevented by having safe sex. SHOC provides a peer- lead education that delivers PHSE in schools and youth settings offering them a confidential advice line requiring confidential advice and support on Chlamydia and other sexual problems. This will help young teenagers and adults who feel uncomfortable to come forward about their health problems. They also undertake sexual health campaigns raising awareness with young people such as the ‘Time 4U’.
The African Child targets the delivery of services to young men and women aged between 16-24 from the BME community mostly those living in the NW10 location. They offer a range of programmes including one to one, group sessions, outreach, deliver free screenings and referrals to clinics. BME community will be more knowledgeable on STI’s, feel more safe and learn how to make a healthier choice.

This model shows the best care and practice pathway. Either face to face or a telephone result.
The aim of this policy is to break the chain of disease transmission by treating the exposed infection . Model 1 -The infected person is given a diagnosis by a healthcare professional and their history is recorded down. They are either given a leaflet or options for treatment. The partner is notified and also called in for treatment.
Model 2 – the provider notification is agreed
Model 3 – a follow up phone call at 2 weeks after treatment given

* If Patient is infected nurses are to advise them to stay abstinence from sex till they are treated and ensure the partner is notified. * Encourage safer sex methods – Nurses should be able to advice them to wear condoms and use dental dams during oral sex * Educate about all STI’s and symptoms- make sure patients are also aware of other sti’s as there are many other symptoms that show different STI’s. * Ensure confidentiality – not to discuss matters relating to patients with others outside the clinical setting * good communication skills – be able to communicate effectively with teenagers and young adults and build a open relationship * Up to date with new research – should know all updated research in order to explain and discuss with patients.

Transmission of body fluids – Every health worker has a high chance of getting infected after contact with body fluids or any other sexual infections…nurses overcome this by making sure they wear gloves and apron during swab tests.

Patient refusal- Some patients may refuse to take their treatment not wanting to know the importance of the treatment and may not want to change their lifestyle. Nurses can try and communicate effectively about the consequences of not taking treatment.

Sexuality and intimacy – Nurse care and risk assessment involves sexual and intimacy issues which can be challenging for nurse. Some might find it embarrassing and some may not want to open up. Nurses can reassure them and saying they are specialised in this area and had dealt with similar cases
Safeguard – Pressure may be put on to school nurses who have to deal with long term child protection and safeguard issues related to sexual health problems.

* To conclude, Chlamydia today is a public health issue as it facilitates in further long term diseases such as HIV which cannot be cured. * It can be said that nurses and other healthcare professionals role in sexual health is very essential. They must provide supporting information in the right format to support young people and make sure they take responsibility for their own actions regarding Chlamydia and other sexual infections. * Age, gender and culture differences can be an obstruction for sexual health promotion. * Although the government has absorbed community requirements in health promotion programmes the prevalence of Chlamydia has not majorly improved in England.

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