GKE1 Task 3 A, A1, B, B1, Aubert
Lisa Aubert
Western Governors University

GKE1 Task 3 A, A1, B, B1, Aubert
Part A, A1
What is colonialism and how did it affect North America? How did the natives respond? Colonialism is the characteristics of a specific colony of people that have established a new territory yet still is under the authority of the parent country that sent them.
In 1607, the king of England sent an assembly of employed men to North America with a dedicated purpose to establish new business for increased wealth, first colonized in Jamestown, Virginia. They were greeted by the Indian natives and a peaceful relationship was formed. They established a union of trust and traded goods such as corn, tobacco, metal tools to name a few. As time went on, the Indian natives were apprehensive and suspicious regarding the colonist’s agenda and soon stopped trading. As a result, the colonists began to die for lack of food. The colonists retaliated by force, initiating raids, stealing food, and then burning the native’s homes. English monarchy sent a fleet for reinforcement which led to the massacre of the Indians thus allowing them to take governmental control over the colonized land and bring the English domain to the New World. The Indian Massacre of 1622 is one example of war. This was a war in which both sides tried to annihilate each other. It had begun when the Indians realized that the settlers were mainly concerned with taking all their land away from them. If it did not help the colonist then they would fight the Indians. This continued for several years until the execution of the Indian chief. Then the tribes began to become smaller even beginning to live among the colonist. Some would even live on reservations set up in Virginia.("Indian Massacre of 1622," n.d.)

Part B, B1
With any type of government there will usually be a cause for an uprising. This can bring about a violent or a nonviolent demonstration. In this you will find the difference in The American Revolution and the Indian Independence Movement, their goals, tactics, and the final outcome of each and how they acquired the end results.
The American Revolution was also known as the American War of Independence. This was a very violent war in that there was much blood shed on both sides. As the British government imposed taxation on the colonists to cover the costs for protection from other military groups, this caused the colonist to want freedom for independence to have their own government without any ties to England. The colonists also felt that since they had no representation in parliament that they should not have to come under their laws or pay taxes. British soldiers stationed in the states were witness to some of the tactics used by the Mother country. Some tactics would be to execute prisoners or set fire to their homes once they had given up or shoot innocent people. In disagreement, they turned a cheek as some even changed sides. This did however hurt the British since they were supposed to be the legitimate governing power and follow the law and defender of order. The colonists came together and established a form of their own government and army. The colonist used tactic such as a type of guerilla war fare that help them win many battles. They had learned how to blend in with the landscape and surroundings instead of just standing out in the open as the British did. They used whatever means of weapons they could find besides that of a rifle and sword. These tactics were used in some of the battles such as in the Battle of Saratoga, and the Battle of the Cowpens. This was something that the British had never seen before which was part of their downfall as it took them by surprise causing confusion to them, not being a normal way of training such as they had received. Many battles were fought with some being victorious for the colonials. The Revolutionary War was a success, although it took a while and many had to die during the process, the colonist were able to defeat the British and become their own state free from English domain. It was a long, difficult war to win with many battles in between with much sacrifice, but the colonist finally won their independence and freedom from English authority. A document was drawn up and signed by those involved with the revolution for freedom. This document is known as The Constitution of the United States. (Joes, 1996, Chapter 1) The Indian Independence Movement lasted from 1857 until 1947. It was primarily a nonviolent movement. It was a rebellious revolt as a result of the British trying to control and impose upon India’s rights, political and religious. They were treated as second class citizens in their own country. As they became educated, they saw these problems and were disgruntled. Through organized unions of people, there were protests and strikes in an attempt to gain their independence, but to no avail. Many revolts ended with retaliation from the British regime. These movements had too many leaders and organizations but no freedom for India. One such movement was the Dandi March or the Salt Styagraha. A protest against British taxes on salt. This was a way of defiance as they made their own salt from sea water. During the World Wars it was hard for the British as India would not support or fight alongside of them. Mohandas Gandhi was an educated man that led protests against inequality. Over the next few years, under his leadership, Indians learned and followed a different way to gain their freedom in which India was able to obtain an Indian Independence Act of 1947 where India and Pakistan where separated and later both became known as two separate countries. India was able to claim their independence and became known as the Republic of India which made them their own nation. (Sharma, 2010, Chapter 3)

References
Indian Massacre of 1622. (n.d.). In Indian Massacre of 1622. Retrieved Dec.28,2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_massacre_of_1622
Joes, A. J. (1996). Guerrilla warfare: A historical, biographical and bibliographical. [ebrary book]. http://dx.doi.org/http://site.ebrary.com/lib/westerngovernors/docDetail.action?docID=10002013&page=17
Sharma, S. (2010). Civil rights movements. [ebrary book]. http://dx.doi.org/http://site.ebrary.com/lib/westerngovernors/docDetail.action?docID=10417255&page=26