...Comparative research is a research methodology in the social sciences that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures Comparative research defined Comparative research, simply put, is the act of comparing two or more things with a view to discovering something about one or all of the things being compared. This technique often utilizes multiple disciplines in one study. When it comes to method, the majority agreement is that there is no methodology peculiar to comparative research.[5] The multidisciplinary approach is good for the flexibility it offers, yet comparative programs do have a case to answer against the call that their research lacks a "seamless whole."[6] There are certainly methods that are far more common than others in comparative studies, however. Quantitative analysis is much more frequently pursued than qualitative, and this is seen by the majority of comparative studies which use quantitative data.[7][1][8][2] The general method of comparing things is the same for comparative research as it is in our everyday practice of comparison. Like cases are treated alike, and different cases are treated differently; the extent of difference determines how differently cases are to be treated. If one is able to sufficiently distinguish two carry the research conclusions will not be very helpful.[9] Secondary analysis of quantitative data is relatively widespread in comparative research, undoubtedly in part because of the cost of obtaining primary...
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...Comparison Paper Latarshaw Wright NUR/443 July 15, 2013 Instructor: Linda Hansen-Kyle Abstract Research studies are a key element to the implementation of evidence-based practice in nursing, but one must first have a thorough understanding of the study process in order to benefit properly from the findings. The most important concept is to understand if the study is Quantitative or Qualitative in design. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the differences in these two designs by using examples of each to describe. By evaluating each paper and including topics such as the strength of the research question, the strength of the methodology, correct or incorrect sample type and size, appropriate data analysis, complete discussion of findings, and implication for nursing practice and practability of implementation a pattern will appear revealing the likes and differences of the two types of studies. The findings indicate both quantitative and qualitative studies are crucial in the development of scientific research. By incorporating these in the scientific field of research, nursing will continue to grow and evolve. . Comparison Paper The advancement of nursing research has led to evidence-based practice in nursing which in turn leads to positive patient care outcome. Nursing research plays an integral role in nursing education. The 21st century has revolutionized nursing in theoretical and practical aspects of nursing. New innovative ideas...
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...Social Comparison Lamer (2012) titled ‘’within Gender and Between Gender Upward Social Comparison” in her article argues that issues related to an individual’s body image and self-esteem are related irrespective of one’s age, ethnicity, and gender. Her vindications are reinforced by the press report of 2010 by National Organization of Women which highlights that 49% of girls between 3 to 6 years are worried of being fat. There are numerous campaigns against insecurities emanating from body images. For an instant, campaigns such as Operation Beautiful advocates for positive talk on women with the aim of counteracting trends related to body insecurity (Boyle, 2010). Social Comparison Theory provides the platform for individuals to maintain...
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...STRUCTURE An educational research Presented to: Kimberly C. Rivera, MS Chemistry In partial fulfillment of the requirements in PHYS-420 Research in Physical Science Presented by: Evalle, Leslie Joy P. Bugarin, Lyka A. STORY TELLING: AN APPROACH TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE Acknowledgements Foremost, we would like to thank the Almighty God for giving us enough strength and knowledge to come up with this study. We would also like to express our sincerest thanks to Ms. Catherine R. Tolero for helping us all throughout the process of our data gathering in Bataan National High School. Also, our deepest sense of gratitude to Mr. and Mrs. Ocampo for letting us stay in their home and use their computer unit and access the internet all day. To our research adviser, Ms. Kimberly Cabrera, a lot of thanks for guiding us all throughout the process of conducting this study. Lastly, to our parents to whom we wholeheartedly dedicate all our efforts and hardwork, a lot of thanks to them. Abstract This study focuses on determining the effectivity of storytelling in teaching Atomic Structure. The goal of this study is to show that storytelling greatly helps in the teaching-learning process. This study also aims to test the conceptual understanding of the students and as well as their interest when listening to stories. The instruments used are pre and post-tests and anecdotal records. The result of this study will help educational...
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...NU310_Unit 5 Quantitative Research Design Critique Template The “Quantitative studies usually focus on concepts that are fairly well developed, about which there is an existing body of evidence, and for which there are reliable methods of measurement” (Polit and Beck, 2012). I chose the Quantitative method of data collection for my research because I want to determine the effectiveness of multifactorial intervention in increasing treatment adherence in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease. I believe that face-to-face training, audio-visual material, return demonstration, and follow-up on inhalation techniques will increase patient’s treatment adherence and better health outcome. 1. What type of question (therapy, prognosis,...
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...Methodological Issues in Management Research Lee Sechrest, PhD Professor Department of Psychology University of Arizona Room 312 Tuscon, AZ 85721 White paper prepared for the Department of Veterans Affairs Management Research in VA Workshop, sponsored by the HSR&D Management Decision and Research Center November 19-20, 2001 Methodological Issues in Management Research Managers want to make good decisions. Any decisions will, by definition, be made on the basis of some presumed information. Even if a decision were to be made by throwing dice, that process would almost certain stem from “information” indicating that no better basis for the decision could be discerned, e.g., that a randomly determined choice would be likely to be better than a decision open to bias. At least to some extent, it is axiomatic that the better the information, the better the decisions. It is useful to distinguish between data, facts, and information. Data are simply observations, usually in the form of numbers thought to represent some systematic process underlying them, i.e., a process generating the numbers. Data do not mean anything or tell us anything until they are interpreted in some way. Merely to have an observation that on a particular day 43 patients were reported to have received a particular service is not in itself meaningful. Facts are merely data elevated in confidence to a point of suggested certainty. The observation that 43 patients received a service may be...
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...Research Summary Table: Hand Chamberlain College of Nursing Research Summary Table: Handwashing Author, Year of Publication | Purpose | Sample | Design | Findings | Limitations | Creedon, S. (2005) | The purpose of this study is to show hand hygiene from a prospective of clinical behaviors. | A total of 314 hand hygiene observations were reviewed for changes in behavioral patterns, and a total of 62 questionnaires were completed. | A quasi-experimental design with a convenient sample was used. | Improvement in hand hygiene and a decrease in infections was noted at 83%. | No comparison group or random assignment to group | Bisset, L.(2003) | The purpose of this study was to identify whether different healthcare professionals understand the definitions of proper handwashing. | A total of n=105 nurses and n=18 doctors | The design used to complete this study was through questionnaires. | The findings revealed additional training and changes to policy and procedures need to be implemented. The study revealed over 60% of the staff did not know the correct definition of hand hygiene. | No inferential statistics were offered.No comparison group or random assignment to groupNo educational resources were completed. | Smith, S. (2009) | To identify the most effective handwashing practice. | The sample consisted of 5000 deaths that were reviewed. | The design was a systemic review. | Few studies described the effectiveness of handwashing. | No comparison between TBL...
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...importance because it has the power to be the most rigid type of research. The design, however, is always dependent on feasibility. The best approach is to control for as many confounding variables as possible in order to eliminate or reduce errors in the assumptions that will be made. It is also extremely desirable that any threats to internal or external validity be neutralized. In the perfect world, all research would do this and the results of research would be accurate and powerful. In the real world, however, this is rarely the case. We are often dealing with human subjects, which in itself confounds （puzzles） any study. We are also dealing with the restraints of time and situation, often resulting in less than perfect conditions in which to gather information. There are three basic experimental designs, each containing subsets with specific strengths and weaknesses. These three basic designs include: (1) pre-experimental design; (2) quasi-experimental design; and (3) true experimental design. They will be discussed below and as you will discover, are addressed in order of effectiveness. Pre-Experimental Design Pre-experimental designs are so named because they follow basic experimental steps but fail to include a control group. In other words, a single group is often studied but no comparison between an equivalent non-treatment group is made. Examples include the following: The One-Shot Case Study. In this arrangement, subjects are presented with some type...
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...Comparison Matrix and Outline Grand Canyon University: RES811 March 2, 2016 Comparison Matrix | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 | Title/Author(s) | Critical Thinking In Distance Education and Traditional EducationVisser, L., Visser, Y. L., & Schlosser, C. (2003) | Developmental Networks and Learning: Toward an Interdisciplinary Perspective on Identity Development During Doctoral Study. Baker, V., & Lattuca, L. R. (2010) | Socialization of Doctoral Students to Academic NormsWeidman, J. C., & Stein, E. L. (2003) | | | | | Persistent GCU library link | https://lopes-idm-oclc-org.library.gcu.edu:2443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=12620957&site=ehost-live&scope=site | https://lopes-idm-oclc-org.library.gcu.edu:2443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=54329722&site=ehost-live&scope=site | https://lopes-idm-oclc-org.library.gcu.edu:2443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ehh&AN=11092904&site=ehost-live&scope=site | | | | | Purpose of the studyWhat is the author’s rationale for selecting this topic? Does he build a strong case? | The purpose of the study of this article is to explain whether current teaching practices require higher order thinking. | The purpose of the study of this article is to explain the differences between types of learners from different countries and whether the learner does better with a network of support around them from their...
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...Methods Used for Modern Research Developmental scientists must determine how to incorporate age into their research design. There are three general strategies for doing so; the study of different groups of people of different ages, called a cross-sectional design, the study of the same people over a period of time, called a longitudinal design, and the combining of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in some fashion in a sequential design. What are the strengths and limitations of each of these designs? Other research methods are; systematic observation, self-reports, the clinical method, and ethnography. What are the similarities and differences of these methods? Let us now examine these fascinating topics. Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, & Sequential Designs Cross-sectional design studies groups of subjects that are selected at each of a series of ages. The results may seem to indicate that there are major changes based on age. However, cross-sectional data about adults can differ not only in age, but in cohort. Influences of this kind lead to cohort effects, findings that are the result of historical factors to which one age group in a cross-sectional study has been exposed. Cross-sectional studies cannot tell us anything about sequences of change over age, or about the consistency of individual behavior over time, because each subject is tested only once. Cross-sectional research is useful because it is relatively quick to do...
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...Single Quantitative Study (e.g., Randomized Controlled Trial, Nonrandomized Controlled Trial, Case-Control Study, Cohort Study) Template | Citation (APA) | (Uchiyama, Kurosawa, & Inaba, 2006) | Title | MMR Vaccine & Regression in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Negative Results Presented from Japan | Database Source (& ID number) | PubMed (PMID: 16865547) | Type of Evidence | Non-experimental cohort study/casual comparative research | Hierarchical Evidence Rating Level | Level 4 | Your Summary of the Study/Publication (use paraphrasing, not quotes) | What was the stated research question/objective of the study? | To evaluate the correlation between the MMR Vaccine and Autism Spectrum Disorders | What research methodology was used (e.g., RCT, Case-Control, Cohort)? | Cohort StudyCasual Comparative Research | Describe the sample (including size)? | 904 patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders | How was the sample selected (e.g., randomization, inclusion/exclusion criteria)? | Inclusion Criteria: Young children born between 1976-1999 from the Yokohama Psycho-Developmental Clinic (YPDC) Regression reported from questionnaireExclusion Criteria: Young children who received the MMR Vaccine in foreign countries, reports denying regression in questionnaire, and subjects parents who provided no response or information on the questionnaire regarding regression. | What methods were used for data analysis? | The study analyzed data from clients of the Yokohama...
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...Achievements of Secondary School Students in District Abbottabad Pakistan - A Case Study Zahid Bashir, Shafqat Hussain NUMLs Islamabad Pakistan Abstract This research was conducted to examine the effect of co-curricular activities on academic achievements of secondary school students in District Abbottabad. The research is experimental in nature, pre-test Post–test equivalent group design was selected for this purpose. In this study, an achievement test covering four chapters of mathematics and four lessons of English was used as measuring instrument. Depending upon pre-test scores, 200 students of 10th class were divided into two equal groups (n=100) named as experimental group and control group. The experimental group was involved in co-curricular activities and the control group did not participate in any activity beyond the classroom. There were two types of co-curricular activities. First physical i.e., games, athletics and P.T (physical training) etc and the other was debates, drama speeches etc. The experimental group carried out activities for forty minutes daily for twelve weeks. The post-test was administered after twelve weeks. The pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups served as data for this study. The analysis of data revealed that on the whole, experimental groups showed better performance than controlled group. Hence the ultimate results of the study indicated that co-curricular activities can contribute for enhancing academic...
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...Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy (2011) Marian Reiff, Dorothy, M. Castille, KristinaMuenzenmaier, & Bruce Link Topic of the study: Childhood Abuse and the Content of Adult Psychotic Symptom Fathimath Shafa (3249) Abnormal Psychology -PSYCHOLOGY 4501 Missouri University of Science and Technology Dr. Mojgan Shadbash Psy.D., Clinical Psychology, Germany 1. Introduction Childhood sexual abuse and childhood physical abuse have been regarded as to cause psychotic symptoms or schizophrenia. The symptoms of previous trauma starts to display in adulthood. This particular research explores the connection between childhood abuse and the content of adult psychotic symptoms. The researcher managed to explain this relationship in multiple pathways despite the complexity of the body. About 54% of the schizophrenic patients reported having sexually abused during childhood and it is important to know how the psychotic symptoms might be related to early traumatic events considering the high prevalence rate. This research accommodates some of the other researches done on this area, in one of the research, they have mentioned specific approaches that were used to investigate the association between psychotic symptoms and the two subjects. Psychotic symptoms have been linked to range of severe experiences of childhood sexual abuse such ass malevolence, sexual themes, and olfactory sensations. Moreover, it contains subordinate relationships. This research further investigates...
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...Social Comparison and Temporal Life Satisfaction In his theory of social comparison, Festinger (1954) identified the idea that human beings have the drive to look at others in order to evaluate their own opinions and abilities. Social comparison is categorized into two forms, namely downward and upward. Downward comparison occurs when an individual compares to others who are deemed as socially worse off, while upward social comparison acts in the opposite direction. Over the years, there have been various studies on the directional effects of both upward and downward comparison on an individual’s self evaluation. According to Suls, Martin, & Wheeler (2002), both downward and upward comparison can lead to people viewing their situations in a more positive way. Another research study by Buunk, Collins, Taylor, VanYperen, & Dakof (1990), showed that downward comparison evoked a fear in individuals about ending up in the same situation as their less fortunate comparisons. In return, the fear of “it could also happen to me” made people have a lower level of life satisfaction. Despite the various comprehensive researches done thus far, there is still no clear conclusion on the exact impact and effect of social comparison on an individual’s evaluation of his or her own attributes and attitudes and abilities. This is even more applicable to college students who are constantly evaluating their personal abilities and opinions by making comparisons to their peers. The...
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...Critique of a Cochrane Review Meta-Analysis Study Educational and Skills-based Interventions for Preventing Relationship and Dating Violence in Adolescents and Young Adults Critique of a Cochrane Review Meta-Analysis Study There is a high rate of violence between young adults in relationships. As this is becoming more prevalent it is important to strengthenone’s knowledge base to help prevent this form of violence. A meta-analysis is a process to combine the findings from several independent research studies in a statistical manner. This method is used most often to evaluate the rational and useful way associate several research studies to determine effectiveness of an intervention (Crombie& Davies, 2009). A critique of a study is, “a careful appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses of a study” (Polit & Beck, 2008, p. 123). These show areas of inadequacy and adequacy within a research study and to identify any errors. Within this paper there will be a critique of the Cochrane Review Meta-Analysis, “Educational Skills-based Interventions for Preventing Relationship and Dating Violence in Adolescents and Young Adults.” This critique will have several divisions; identification of the level of evidence, describe the search of the literature and the adequacy of the search, description of the replication process, discuss any problems or differences, identify gaps within the literature, discuss any limitations within the study, discuss the strengths of the review, describe...
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