...Running head: RACIALIZED REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMALE BEAUTY 1 Racialized Representations of Female Beauty in Popular Culture (Name) University of New Mexico RACIALIZED REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMALE BEAUTY Racialized Representations of Female Beauty in Popular Culture 2 For the past 22 years People magazine has composed a list of the 50 most beautiful people. The list typically includes movie and television stars, musicians, British royalty, models, and television personalities. Every year the magazine crowns the year’s “most beautiful” and features them on the cover. Of the 22 most beautiful 19 have been women and out of the 19 women 16 have been White. This signals to People’s readers that beautiful means White and everything else does not equate beauty. However, this is not unique to People or even magazines like it, but instead represents a larger trend that is present in all forms of Western popular culture. In the various mediums of popular culture, ideologies about female beauty are exceedingly prevalent and constantly managed and reproduced. These ideologies carry with them the notion that in order to obtain ideal female beauty one must be very thin, young, have long hair, and wear expensive or revealing clothing (Stern, 2004). In addition to this there is also a raced definition of beauty, which predominates Western popular culture and dictates that White women with light hair and eye color can only attain true beauty. By looking closely at fashion magazines...
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...What is the Demographic Make-up of Home-Schooled Students in Texas? Jimmy L. Dillon Wayland Baptist University EDUC 5302 July 19, 2012 Abstract This study was conducted to try to determine what the overall demographics and make-up is of home-schooled students in Texas. The home-school phenomenon has proved to be a viable education option for parents who do not want to send their children to a public or private school. The reasons for wanting to home-school vary from parent-to-parent. Studies abound in comparing home-schooled student’s achievement to public school students with the general result that home-school students score higher on achievement test than public school students. Home-schooled consistently scored in the 82nd to 92nd percentile and the public school students scored in the 53rd – 71st percentile (Martin-Chang, Gould, & Meuse, 2011). However; are these studies comparing students from similar demographics such as economic status, region of residence, etc. or is there deep differences in demographics of the two populations which make the comparisons misleading? It has been studied and shown that a child’s socioeconomic status (SES) and overall demographics play a major factor in how well they score on academic achievement tests. The area that has not been looked at is what the overall demographics are of the average home-schooled child and if the ratio of lower SES to upper-middle class students are the same in comparison to the public school....
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...widely used, scientists debate its effectiveness (Balabanis & Diamantopoulos, 2008). Before commencing this discussion, it is important to formulate an accurate understanding of this phenomenon. Jaffe & Nebenzahl defined COO as follows: ‘The country which a consumer associates with a certain product or brand as being its source, regardless of where the product is actually produced.’ (2006: 29). According to Herz and Diamantopoulos (2013) the association can relate to both the country of manufacturing or the geographical origin of the product. Dichter (1962) was the first to claim that the mention of COO by companies has ‘a tremendous influence on the acceptance and success of products’ (p.116). This was later proved by Schooler (1965), turning COO into a topic of interest for academics (Johanson, 1985; Godey et al., 2012). As mentioned before, the effectiveness of COO is debated. Recently some scientist opted that its effects have been inflated (Liefeld, 2004; Balabanis & Diamantopoulos, 2008). They therefore argue that COO has no significant effect on customer behavior. Based on this development a claim counter arguing the influence of COO will be...
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...Education in the late 1970’s Andrea R. Ferrari Professor Josephine Sarvis Dominican University April 19, 2016 Abstract This paper highlights key features of the development of education at Dominican University comparing 1970’s to today, focusing on how Dominican has been through changes such as name and diversity as well as the overall education during the latest 1970’s. This analysis is based off of an interview and has comparisons to today’s schooling system based off of historical events. Keywords: Education Education in the late 1970’s For my oral history interview I chose to interview my soon to be father in-law about his experience in the late 70’s. The reason I decided to interview him was because he had attended Dominican University back when it was Rosary College and I figured it would be great to see how different the school is now vs back then. During my interview I got to know a lot more about the person I was interviewing as well as their experience in school and the overall experience to education in the 70s’. Throughout this interview I’ve come to notice a couple of things that really stood out to me and one of those would the diversity of students in the 70’s was lacking, although segregation ended it was like there was still and unwritten form of one. Another thing that caught my attention was the advanced in technology from the 70’s to today, it may not seem like much but when compared to how that applies and effects the education systems it’s...
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...The Power of Packaging Alice Louw & Michelle Kimber The Customer Equity Company* In recent years packaging has developed well beyond its original function as merely a means of product protection and now plays a key marketing role in developing on shelf appeal, providing product information and establishing brand image and awareness. As packaging’s role in the marketing mix gains momentum, so research into this arena becomes increasingly important. Given the potential for packaging to successfully achieve marketing goals; does research into packaging truly reflects its value within the marketing mix? Do we fully understand the role that packaging plays in a marketing environment and how best to leverage this tool to influence consumers? If packaging is so important, what is the best way to measure its effectiveness? * The Customer Equity Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of TNS (UK) which has been set up to develop the marketing sciences and support brand equity and Commitment modelling worldwide. 1 What is packaging? The definitions of ‘packaging’ vary and range from being simple and functionallyfocused to more extensive, holistic interpretations. Packaging can be defined quite simply as an extrinsic element of the product (Olson and Jacoby (1972)) - an attribute that is related to the product but does not form part of the physical product itself. “Packaging is the container for a product – encompassing the physical appearance of the container and including...
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...of stress on Purdue University campus. INTRODUCTION: Attention Getter: Palo Alto, California is home to one of the most prestigious and competitive school districts in the country, which is located near Stanford University. The school district is made up of twelve primary schools, three middle schools and two high schools. Since 2009, there have been 4 reported student suicides due to the intense school environment and rigorous workload. The domino effect of suicides started in particular with high schooler Jean-Paul Blanchard. Jean-Paul was known for his kindness, compassion, and social skills. He worked hard to keep a balance between school work, his social life, and mental health but it became too much for him to handle. He needed a break and had trouble finding a proper escape, which caused him to jump in front of a fast moving train and take his own life. Soon after Jean-Paul’s death, three others took the same escape he did and killed themselves. Students state, “You feel this sense that you’re not as good as everyone else or you’re not good enough for whatever reason-because you can’t get into a certain college or just because your test scores are not as high as someone else’s. You kind of feel you...
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...Battle-Bailey, L. (2003). Training teachers to design interactive homework. ERIC Digest, 1-8. The purpose of the research was to make teachers more aware of what interactive homework is and how to implement it. Workshops provided teachers with skills needed to put interactive homework in place. Some of the skills included encouraging teachers to create high level questions on the homework, provide clear homework directions and teach students the importance of inferencing. The research briefly mentioned the correlation of parental support and teacher support with how they can improve student success. Because of teacher training, parents can create more meaningful relationships through interactive homework by engaging in conversations, modeling interest in the subject matter and cooperating through problem solving. Without one of the supports, student GPAs declined when compared to students who had in-school and at-home support. The research design was of qualitative nature and was very brief. This resource is meaningful to my research as it provides a brief overview of a communication strategy that I can present during a Focus...
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...that works. Take the case of Charlotte Figi, who I met in Colorado. She started having seizures soon after birth. By age three she was having 300 a week, despite being on seven different medications. Medical marijuana has calmed her brain, limiting her seizures to 2 to 3 times per month.” (Gupta) As you can see, marijuana clearly makes a big difference in some peoples lives. Specifically, those who are epileptics. Imagine if medical marijuana was not available to this patient. She would still suffer multiple seizures a day with no end in sight. Countless other cases similar to Charlottes have been observed over the years on the quest for legalization. Legalizing marijuana so we can reap the medical benefits makes sense. The research is there to back up claims of medicinal value and facts show states are agreeing. “Eighteen states have already made medical marijuana legal and 10 others are currently considering legislation to legalize medical marijuana, according to the National Cannabis Industry Association.” (Fairchild) If states are already connecting the dots on the benefits of medical marijuana, then you would think they could see the benefits in legalizing recreational marijuana as...
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...Thank you, everybody. Please have a seat. Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you so much. Mark, I want to thank you for your introduction. I still remember the first time we met, the time we spent together, and the conversation we had about Daniel. And that changed me that day. And my hope, earnestly, has been that it would change the country. Five years ago this week, a sitting member of Congress and 18 others were shot at, at a supermarket in Tucson, Arizona. It wasn’t the first time I had to talk to the nation in response to a mass shooting, nor would it be the last. Fort Hood. Binghamton. Aurora. Oak Creek. Newtown. The Navy Yard. Santa Barbara. Charleston. San Bernardino. Too many. AUDIENCE MEMBER: Too many. AUDIENCE MEMBER: Too many. AUDIENCE MEMBER: Too many. THE PRESIDENT: Thanks to a great medical team and the love of her husband, Mark, my dear friend and colleague, Gabby Giffords, survived. She’s here with us today, with her wonderful mom. (Applause.) Thanks to a great medical team, her wonderful husband, Mark -- who, by the...
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...submitted by Marilyn McNair to Full Sail University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Education Technology and Media Design December 23, 2008 Abstract This research paper was designed to give insight into the importance of parental involvement in early childhood education, and why there is a need to increase parental involvement. It examines the elements of parental involvement, and its effects on achievement and social development in children. It reviews traditional methods of parental involvement, and considers the need for change. It also highlights how technology can be implemented to increase parental participation, and student achievement and social development. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Improving Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education 4 Educational Significance 10 Definition of Terms 11 Literature Review 12 Current/Past Solutions to the Problem in Practice 15 Proposed Solutions to the Problem 16 Integration of Proposed Solutions with Current/Past Solutions 17 Conclusion 18 Suggestions for Further Research 19 References 20 Improving Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education Through the Use of Technology A growing number of studies confirm positive associations between parental involvement in schools and academic achievement...
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...Educational Psychology Review, Vol. 17, No. 4, December 2005 ( C 2005) DOI: 10.1007/s10648-005-8138-1 A Review of the Research on Internet Addiction Chien Chou,1,4 Linda Condron,2 and John C. Belland3 Research indicates that maladaptive patterns of Internet use constitute behavioral addiction. This article explores the research on the social effects of Internet addiction. There are four major sections. The Introduction section overviews the field and introduces definitions, terminology, and assessments. The second section reviews research findings and focuses on several key factors related to Internet addiction, including Internet use and time, identifiable problems, gender differences, psychosocial variables, and computer attitudes. The third section considers the addictive potential of the Internet in terms of the Internet, its users, and the interaction of the two. The fourth section addresses current and projected treatments of Internet addiction, suggests future research agendas, and provides implications for educational psychologists. KEY WORDS: Internet addiction; Internet dependence; Internet abuse; pathological Internet use. INTRODUCTION The use of the Internet on school campuses and in society has increased dramatically in recent years. Whereas the academic use of the Internet is primarily intended for learning and research, the Internet has also become an important part of student life. However, from time to time, cases of overinvolvement with the Internet have...
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...all the skills needed for a 21st century economy.1 This creates major problems for young people about to enter the laborforce. Mobile learning represents a way to address a number of our educational problems. Devices such as smart phones and tablets enable innovation and help students, teachers, and parents gain access to digital content and personalized assessment vital for a post-industrial world. Mobile devices, used in conjunction with near universal 4G/3G wireless connectivity, are essential tools to improve learning for students. As noted by Irwin Jacobs, the founding chairman of Qualcomm, Inc., “always on, always connected mobile devices in the hands of students has the potential to dramatically improve educational outcomes.”2 This paper, part of our Mobile Economy Project, looks at ways that mobile devices with cellular connectivity improve learning and engage students and teachers. Wireless technology is a way to provide new content and facilitate information access wherever a student is located. It enables, empowers, and engages learning in ways that transform the learning environment for students inside and outside of school. Sadly, not every student has access to a computer and the Internet. And given the costs of...
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...1 Homeschool Spells Success: the Connection between Homeschool and Superior Achievement Dana Hilton Western Governors University Abstract: This paper explores the correlation between homeschooling and student outcomes by drawing upon research that indicates that the homeschool movement has created a generation of students who are uniquely prepared to excel in academic competition, higher education, and in the wider world and who, by extension, are poised to surpass their traditionally schooled peers Keywords: homeschool, John Holt, Raymond Moore, unschooling, educational testing, outcomes Homeschool Spells Success: the Connection between Homeschool and Superior Achievement Homeschooling, by its very nature, is a personal business: students receive personalized instruction in their own homes. But in recent years, homeschooling has moved into the public consciousness through the achievements of exceptionally gifted students of home schools. In her article “Homeschooling: Back to the Future,” educator Isabel Lyman cites one of the earliest examples of the success potential of contemporary homeschool students when she describes the 1997 victory of homeschool student Rebecca Sealfon at the Scripps-Howard National Spelling Bee (1998). According to Lyman, Sealfon’s success helped author homeschool’s move from the educational fringe to the mainstream (1998). Fourteen years later, Jeffery Blitz’s documentary film Spellbound brought homeschooled students’...
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...is tri bu Path–Goal Theory te 6 rd DESCRIPTION po st ,o Path–goal theory is about how leaders motivate followers to accomplish designated goals. Drawing heavily from research on what motivates followers, path–goal theory first appeared in the leadership literature in the early 1970s in the works of Evans (1970), House (1971), House and Dessler (1974), and House and Mitchell (1974). The stated goal of this leadership theory is to enhance follower performance and follower satisfaction by focusing on follower motivation. D o no tc op y, In contrast to the situational approach, which suggests that a leader must adapt to the development level of followers (see Chapter 5), path–goal theory emphasizes the relationship between the leader’s style and the characteristics of the followers and the organizational setting. For the leader, the imperative is to use a leadership style that best meets followers’ motivational needs. This is done by choosing behaviors that complement or supplement what is missing in the work setting. Leaders try to enhance followers’ goal attainment by providing information or rewards in the work environment (Indvik, 1986); leaders provide followers with the elements they think followers need to reach their goals. According to House and Mitchell (1974), leadership generates motivation when it increases the number and kinds of payoffs that followers receive from their work. Leadership also motivates...
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...THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LVI, NO. 4 • AUGUST 2001 Investor Psychology and Asset Pricing DAVID HIRSHLEIFER* ABSTRACT The basic paradigm of asset pricing is in vibrant f lux. The purely rational approach is being subsumed by a broader approach based upon the psychology of investors. In this approach, security expected returns are determined by both risk and misvaluation. This survey sketches a framework for understanding decision biases, evaluates the a priori arguments and the capital market evidence bearing on the importance of investor psychology for security prices, and reviews recent models. The best plan is . . . to profit by the folly of others. — Pliny the Elder, from John Bartlett, comp. Familiar Quotations, 9th ed. 1901. IN THE MUDDLED DAYS BEFORE THE RISE of modern finance, some otherwisereputable economists, such as Adam Smith, Irving Fisher, John Maynard Keynes, and Harry Markowitz, thought that individual psychology affects prices.1 What if the creators of asset-pricing theory had followed this thread? Picture a school of sociologists at the University of Chicago proposing the Deficient Markets Hypothesis: that prices inaccurately ref lect all available information. A brilliant Stanford psychologist, call him Bill Blunte, invents the Deranged Anticipation and Perception Model ~or DAPM!, in which proxies for market misvaluation are used to predict security returns. Imagine the euphoria when researchers discovered that these mispricing proxies...
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