...Historical Policy Comparison Criminal justice policies are constantly changing by the day, week, month or year. Policies that were in effect 50 years ago are different from the policies in effect today. The following paper will cover a comparative analysis of the evolution of the criminal justice policy over the last 50 years for each of the three areas in the criminal justice system. To understand these changes, it is important to recognize the various areas and elements of the criminal justice system. Changes take place within the areas of policing, the courts and corrections. While discussing each division of the justice system and conduct a comparative analysis of each. This is important to discuss and determine how these systems have changed from 50 years ago to today. The history of criminal justice policy in regards to policing has experienced tremendous changes over the past 50 years. Between 1900 and 1970, an organized movement known as the Reform Era took place in policing around the country (Marion, 2006). Instead of hiring individuals based on political reasons, officers were hired based upon their qualifications and ability to perform the required duties of a police officer. Formal training developed in many areas around the United States in the form of Police Academies. Technological advances such as telephones, two-way radios, and 911-emergency systems developed during this era. The Civil Rights Movement and the Antiwar Movement brought about new issues...
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...Assignment 2: You Are an Investment Analyst Student Name Prof Name ACC557 Strayer 2015 Introduction: World is occupied by a lot of businesses working around it. Out of them little arable to get that much fame that they are known by every single living being around the world. In this paper, we are going to make a comparison of such two beverage giants which are famous all around the Globe. One of them is PepsiCo and other is Coca-Cola. Both of them are operating in the beverage industry and are considered to be the leaders of it. Collectively, both of them are able to grab around more than half of the beverage market share across the globe. Description of PepsiCo PepsiCo Inc. was established in 1965, it was a merger of 2 companies called Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. Pepsi-Cola was formed in 1890s by a pharmacist New Bern. Pepsi is considered to be one of the largest consumer trading companies operating all around the word. Currently it is operating in more than 200 countries of the world. Based on the ranking of revenues...
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...make comparisons to the American experience in the Vietnam War. These people argue that the United States has put itself into an in-extractable “quagmire” from which there is no feasible withdrawal. This type of reasoning by historical comparison is not wise because no two historical events are completely alike. In the case of Iraq and Vietnam, extreme caution should be exercised in comparing two wars so far apart in historical circumstances, geography, and time. It becomes pretty obvious that the differences between the two conflicts greatly outnumber the similarities. This is especially true in the strategic and military dimensions of the two wars. There is simply no comparison between the environment, the scale of military presence, losses incurred over time, the quality of enemy resistance, the role and scope of enemy allies, and the duration of open warfare style combat. There are, however, two political parts of the Iraq and Vietnam wars that are similar in nature: our attempts at nation-building in a foreign culture, and our trying to sustaining domestic popular support in a long and drawn out war against insurgents. Policymakers should have an understanding of the reasons for U.S. political failure in South Vietnam, as well as for the Johnson and Nixon administrations’ failure to sustain popular support for the accomplishment of U.S. military objectives in Vietnam. A repeat of those failures in Iraq could have uncalculated consequences for U.S. foreign policy. Many...
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...social sphere of childhood as we know it today. 4 One way in which the lives of children in pre-industrial society were different from those of children in the UK today is that children were expected to work from a very early age, for example helping on a family farm or being an apprentice. A second way is that there was little school education, which meant that children mixed socially with people of different ages rather than spending a lot of time with children of the same age. A third way is that entertainment and leisure activities were shared by all age groups rather than there being entertainment aimed at children specifically. 5 One social policy that has affected the status of children is that children are now entitled to have a say in decisions affecting their future, for example custody in divorce cases. A second policy is the fixing of the school-leaving age; raising this has had the effect of making childhood last longer as those affected...
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...Technologies Payout Policy, Tax Considerations, Cash Retention and Information Asymmetry Christopher Mafi 22996 Karl Bokvist 23020 Oscar Bjurviken 23082 Edwin Olsson 23106 Executive Summary Linear Technologies has throughout the years experienced high growth in both revenue, net income and in cash. Despite declining sales, margins have remained high and Linear by comparison to other companies has the financial possibility to increase its dividend to higher levels than what it currently is today due to a current cash-to-market cap of 16,23%, zero long-term debt and a low dividend yield of 0,49%. The cash balance has a current effective tax disadvantage of 23,50% while investors would prefer to have the cash distributed through a share repurchase due to the tax being paid later on when the investor’s capital gain is realized. An increased dividend would be a credible signal to investors of a strong belief in future success while a clientele effect from paying a dividend would attract certain investors such as European mutual funds. Agency problems are also reduced through a dividend since less cash is available for unattractive investments while CEO Robert Swanson’s options decrease in value, hence indicating CEO’s belief of long-term company success above shortterm option value. Linear should therefore reduce its cash balance by paying out 1/3 in dividends and 1/3 in share repurchases while keeping 1/3 for future investments. Payout Policy Linear first initiated...
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...Comparison and Analysis of Social Justice in the United States and India Jessica M. Alstad Argosy University Author Note All correspondence pertaining to this work should be directed to: Jessica Alstad, 4305 Grayson Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46228 Abstract Social justice has multiple definitions depending on the country a person resides in. The definition of social justice in the United States differs from that definition in India. Some of these differences can be attributed to historical values that have influenced social policies. However, there are some similarities when looking at the basic ideologies involved. When analyzing social justice, it is important to look at the entire picture that is presented. Keywords: social justice, United States, India, social policy, ideology Comparison and Analysis of Social Justice in the United States and India Many different qualities make up the definition of social justice, both in the United States and India. These definitions are influenced by historical values and ideologies that have influenced social policy. While the definitions of social justice in both locations are different, there are some areas that are similar. The basic ideologies highlight those similarities. The economic structure of a country, as well as any discrimination issues, should also be considered when analyzing social justice. When analyzing social justice, it is important to look at the entire picture that is presented. Social Justice in the...
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...ABSTRACT This article provides an overview of recent developments in historical institutionalism. First, it reviews some distinctions that are commonly drawn between the “historical” and the “rational choice” variants of institutionalism and shows that there are more points of tangency than typically assumed. However, differences remain in how scholars in the two traditions approach empirical problems. The contrast of rational choice’s emphasis on institutions as coordination mechanisms that generate or sustain equilibria versus historical institutionalism’s emphasis on how institutions emerge from and are embedded in concrete temporal processes serves as the foundation for the second half of the essay, which assesses our progress in understanding institutional formation and change. Drawing on insights from recent historical institutional work on “critical junctures” and on “policy feedbacks,” the article proposes a way of thinking about institutional evolution and path dependency that provides an alternative to equilibrium and other approaches that separate the analysis of institutional stability from that of institutional change. INTRODUCTION Institutional analysis has a distinguished pedigree in comparative politics, and the “new” institutionalist literature of the past two decades has both sustained this venerable tradition and deepened our understanding of the role of institutions in political life. At the same time, recent work has given rise to new debates. It is...
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...make comparisons to the American experience in the Vietnam War. These people argue that the United States has put itself into an in-extractable “quagmire” from which there is no feasible withdrawal. This type of reasoning by historical comparison is not wise because no two historical events are completely alike. In the case of Iraq and Vietnam, extreme caution should be exercised in comparing two wars so far apart in historical circumstances, geography, and time. It becomes pretty obvious that the differences between the two conflicts greatly outnumber the similarities. This is especially true in the strategic and military dimensions of the two wars. There is simply no comparison between the environment, the scale of military presence, losses incurred over time, the quality of enemy resistance, the role and scope of enemy allies, and the duration of open warfare style combat. There are, however, two political parts of the Iraq and Vietnam wars that are similar in nature: our attempts at nation-building in a foreign culture, and our trying to sustaining domestic popular support in a long and drawn out war against insurgents. Policymakers should have an understanding of the reasons for U.S. political failure in South Vietnam, as well as for the Johnson and Nixon administrations’ failure to sustain popular support for the accomplishment of U.S. military objectives in Vietnam. A repeat of those failures in Iraq could have uncalculated consequences for U.S. foreign policy. Many...
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...Cost of Capital at Ameritrade 1) Briefly describe the project that Ameritrade is considering In order to maintain its competitive edge in the discount brokerage market, Ameritrade is considering making major investment state of the art technology that can prevent system outages and guarantee 100% reliability. The new system would enable Ameritrade to follow its mission of becoming the largest brokerage firm based on the number of trades. As part of the project the firm would also invest in a new marketing campaign to promote its improved services and capabilities. The company would invest $100 million in the technology enhancements and $155 million in marketing during 1998-99 (up from $14 million in 1997). To increase the trade volume, the company is also considering reducing commissions for all internet market orders by more than 70%. 2) The title suggests that the cost of capital is important here. Concisely describe what cost of capital means. It is the cost of what to whom? Why is it important? What factors determine the cost of capital? Cost of capital is the cost of funds used for financing a business. Cost of capital depends on the mode of financing used – it refers to the cost of equity if the business is financed solely through equity, or to the cost of debt if it is financed solely through debt. The Cost of Capital is important as the cost of capital represents a hurdle rate that a company must overcome before it can generate value, it is extensively...
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...Specifications And Prototype Based on Harvard Business School case 9-692-015 Manzana Insurance – Fruitvale Branch Presented to Professor Michael Palley Stevens Institute of Technology MGT 772 SB Analysis and Development of Information Systems By Team 3 TEAM 3 Systems Analysis and Design Project Stage 3 MGT 772SB Analysis and Development of Information Systems Professor Michael Palley Table of Contents SYSTEM OVERVIEW ...............................................................................................................................................4 DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................................................4 POLICY REQUEST TYPES ............................................................................................................................................4 BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................................................................4 CURRENT ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS AND GOALS FOR THE NEW SYSTEM ............................................................4 FILE DESIGN..............................................................................................................................................................7 BACHMAN DIAGRAMS IN THIRD NORMAL FORM (3NF)........................................................................................
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...regard to the question, and provide organizational categories for analysis. 4. Write the introduction to your essay. • Begin with a broad statement on the topic. • Narrow the paragraph with 2-3 sentences that bring the question into focus. • Conclude with the thesis statement. 5. Write the body of the essay. • Each paragraph must have a topic sentence. • Each paragraph must have evidence, or historical fact. • Each paragraph must have analysis, which may be presented as interpretation or commentary. • Each paragraph must contain a “clincher” sentence. • Each paragraph must contain a transition sentence that directs the reader to the next paragraph. 6. Write the conclusion. • The conclusion must reinforce the thesis, not restate it. • The conclusion must summarize the main points of the body paragraphs. • The conclusion must synthesize the clincher sentences. • The conclusion must address “So what?” (historical significance). 7. Proofread your essay. • Eliminate grammatical errors. • Eliminate contradictions between the thesis and the body. Types of Essay Questions 1. Change over time – Questions that ask...
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...Valuing Publicly Traded Equity Securities: The Black & Decker Corporation (BDK) [1] I. Introduction This teaching note describes the valuation of publicly traded equity securities using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and Price/Characteristic (market comparison) approaches, with a specific spreadsheet example for The Black and Decker Corporation. Free cash flow valuation and comparables (comps) are key tools in fundamental analysis, the process of picking stocks with high expected return based on an analysis of the company. In theory, buying stocks of companies that are undervalued in the stock market will produce high returns as other investors slowly realize the company’s true value and quoted share prices increase to match that value. Three basic ideas underlie the application of discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis. First, the value of a company is ultimately derived from the cash that can be extracted from that company, and more cash is preferred to less. Second, cash received in the future is not as valuable as cash received today. Third, risky cash flows are valued less than cash flows known with relative certainty. The process of valuing publicly traded equity using DCF involves three steps. First, condensed financial statements, also called pro-forma statements, are forecasted several years into the future. Second, the forecasted statements are used to calculate free cash flows for the entire firm, which are then discounted by the...
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...Financial Management Essay Benjamin Gray University of Maryland University College 7/31/16 Executive Summary The function of this essay is to examine why ratio and financial statement analysis are useful to any corporations. The ratio analysis is a useful tool for managers and investors that would like to evaluate the company’s financial health. By using this analysis companies are able to identify opportunities for growth and areas of weakness to determine where corporations can put in place corrective measures in order to rectify their areas of weakness. Financial statements are used in order to predict trends of cash flow within the business as well as predict the potential of a business and if they are capable of financial growth. Ratio analysis allows companies to analyze the future revenue of a company’s profit or a company’s loss. This paper will examine the benefits and limitations of ratio analysis, explain what factors impact the meaningfulness of such measures and what new practices or theories may be emerging regarding the application of ratio and financial statement. The paper concludes that ratio and financial statements is an essential tool used in analyzing a company’s profit. Close your eyes and think about all of the products you have consumed today. You purchased lunch from McDonald’s, used Google to help you find directions, drove your Toyota to work and grabbed...
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...IPO Pricing of NESTLE Global for the Capital Market of Bangladesh: IPO pricing of Nestle Global for the Capital Market of Bangladesh [For the partial fulfillment of B.B.A. program in Finance] Submitted to Department of Finance University of Dhaka Supervised by Shakila Halim Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted by Md. Sohebur Rahman Roll: 17-055 Sec: A B.B.A.17th Batch Department of Finance University of Dhaka Date: 7th May, 2015 Letter of Transmittal 07th May, 2015 Chairman Exam Committee B.B.A. 17th batch Department of Finance University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of Internship Report on “IPO pricing of Nestle Global for the capital market of Bangladesh” Sir, I hereby, want to express my sincere gratification to submit my internship report on “IPO pricing of Nestle Global for the capital market of Bangladesh” Through the preparation of the report, I got an opportunity to apply my knowledge of B.B.A. program and to be acquainted with the practical field. I have given all the efforts to make this report a purpose serving one. I hope that you will appreciate my efforts and accept the submission of my report. Sincerely yours, Md. Sohebur Rahman Roll: 17-055 Sec: A B.B.A 17th Batch Department of Finance University of Dhaka Acknowledgement At the very beginning, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Almighty Allah, who has given me the chance to complete my internship report in a very...
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...Abstract This study addresses the differences between firms and the impact on valuations based on multiples. It broadly describes the need for relative valuation which is increasingly used in assessing individual business or corporations. On a theoretical level, it captures the advantages and shortcomings of multiples. It also describes why the multiples differ from one institution in one sector to another whilst addressing the factors that cause the anomalies. In addition it highlights what the value drivers are behind the multiples and the significant role they play in arriving at multiples. Alongside the paper also details how these value drivers are systematically aligned in producing results. It emphasizes largely on enterprise valuation, and the different methods used in Enterprise valuation, formulas and application. The basic conclusion is that multiples nearly always have broad dispersion, which is why valuations performed using multiples may be highly debatable. 1. Introduction Valuation is the process of determining the current worth of an asset or a company in the financial aspect. There are many techniques that can be used to determine value, some of which might be subjective and the others objective. Judging the contributions of a company's management would be more of a subjective valuation technique, while calculating intrinsic value based on future earnings would be an objective technique. However, this paper will exclusively focus on valuation with multiples...
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