...Tattoos: Art, History and the Changing Complexion The pain. The beauty. Sitting in the tattoo artist’s chair I wonder what am I doing? This is a lifelong commitment. People have been getting tattoos throughout history for many reasons: social, religious and cultural. Nowadays more people have tattoos and the percentage of people with tattoos is continuing to rise. Even though some people view it as the "devil's art", the changing culture and acceptance of tattoos is becoming more mainstream and viewed as an expression of individuality. Some people claim that tattoos have been around since 12000 B.C. Generally the earliest known tattoos are from the Iceman, a mummy found on what is now the Italian-Austrian border. The Iceman has been carbon dated as over 5000 years old. Prior to this discovery, Egyptian mummies were thought to show the earliest signs of tattoos. These tattoos usually were found on female mummies. The markings on the female represented their status and relation to the ruler or pharaohs of the time. As the Egyptian empire spread so did the influence of tattooing on other cultures and societies. Egyptians spread the art of tattoos throughout the world and different cultures adapted tattooing. Greeks used tattooing to mark rankings of spies, slaves and criminals. These markings were usually done on the face. Facial tattoos were also used in Japan on criminals. They were tattooed on the forehead with a design to signify a dog after three...
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...Throughout history, there have been many forms of body modification. Body modification is the act of altering one’s physical appearance for self-expression, art and aesthetic, religious beliefs, or cultural traditions. Modifications can include hair cutting, ear piercings, nose piercings, body piercings, body painting, plastic surgery, circumcision, and tattooing. Tattooing is the process of creating a design by puncturing and inserting a pigment into the skin. Globally, tattooing has spread and become an integral part of many societies. Tattooing traditions, techniques, and methods vary from culture to culture. This ancient, traditional art form is rooted in Polynesian origins. The English word “tattoo” comes from the Tahitian word “tatau,” which roughly translates to “marking or striking something” and “to inflict wounds” (Arp, 2012). In Polynesian mythology, it was believed that humans learned this art from the gods. Tattooing then became a skill passed down from generation to generation. Artists, also known as “tufuga,” were highly trained males who taught their sons the responsibilities of traditional tattooing (Losch, 2003). Some...
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...The art of Tattoos has been around for thousands of years symbolizing individuality, experiences, status, religion and expressions in a form of body markings. Since its discovery, tattoos have made an impact in society and cultures globally representing a new civilization in itself. Suggestions of its accidental finding has reveled that there is no real documented beginning to this phenomenon and the attractiveness of its concept continues to immaculately grow revealing unique stories through vivid images and meaningful script. The Origins of the Word “Tattoo” The word tattoo has two main roots, from the Polynesian word ‘ta’ which means striking something and the Tahitian word ‘tatau’ which means “to mark something” lead to the originated...
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...Tattoos and the Role They've Played in Human History Com/172 University of Phoenix Tattoos and the Role They've Played in Human History Tattoos are a means of permanently marking the body with coloring by a way of piercing the skin. This form of art articulates the body as well as the psyche. This body modification can be found in every culture around the world, with some of its earliest findings dating back as far as 10,000 BCE (Lineberry, 2007). History shows the symbolisms behind tattoos vary from one society to the next. These markings may be for therapeutic purposes in one part of the world while showing social status in another, and in turn, a way of branding criminals in an additional region. Although tattoos have many different significances, wavering with each different culture, there is no doubt they are a significant part of human history. Professor Don Brothwell and Cate Lineberry, stated a man found in ice around the Italian-Austrian border, had tattoos that may have been for therapeutic purposes. Post examination, they concluded that the disbursement of dots and small crosses on his body in the areas of his lower back, right knee, and ankle may relate to areas of "strain-induced degeneration". Suggesting that these tattoos were applied to ease joint pain and to explain why the tattoos on this man were not in places on the body that were easily displayed (Lineberry, 2007). In ancient Egyptian culture, tattoos were prominently found on women. These...
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...expression as someone’s status of individuality. Decorating the body until present day is a way of communicating. In some way it sends a perception to others who you are and to which group you may be a part of. Every society has many different forms of expressing body art used by people. A person’s body art can represent their beliefs, gender, power, and hierarchy. Decoration of the body to some may seem more attractive to people when displayed in a certain part of their body. For the purpose of this paper, body art of two different cultures has been researched. One of the cultures that will be mentioned is the ancient art of Polynesian body art that has existed for over 2000 years. Within the Polynesian culture, the Samoan society located in a chain of island in the central South Pacific is considered to hold some of the oldest Polynesian traditions. It is a culture that believes in two major ingredients, faith and most...
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...The History of Tattoos Rebecca Tanner Axia College of University of Phoenix What is all the hype revolving around tattoos truly about? There are so many answers to this question yet it can only truly be answered by the individuals who get them. For many it is simply a form of expression but history shows that there are reasons that some may have never considered, such as the medical purposes for getting tattoos. Although they are becoming more and more popular, tattoos have been a form of artistic, spiritual, and medical expression for centuries. Tattoos have been a form of expression for centuries Tattoos date back for centuries. Over the course of time, archaeologists have found evidence of the existence of tattoos on mummified remains as well as other artifacts. According to Lineberry (2007), it was believed that the first evidence of tattoos existed in ancient Egypt where tattoos date back to 2000 B.C. and were found only on female remains. This has since been disputed with the discovery of Iceman in 1991. This frozen mummy had markings on his spine, knees, and ankles. Historians have also found clay figurines depicting Japanese individuals adorned with elaborate body art dating back to 5000 B.C. It was once thought that these were merely artifacts but later revealed to be depictions of actual individuals (Vanishing Tattoo, 2008). Tattoos have also been very prominent in Celtic history, with records indicating the existence of tattoos as far back as 1200...
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...Body Art: Tattoo Tattooing is a form of body art that allows people to express various forms of meanings and messages. Body art, in general, is a “visual language” that can demonstrate accomplishments, display desires and memories, and serve as an identity to exhibit a person’s status in society (Schildkrout 107). However, tattooing can often be misinterpreted and misunderstood, leaving either negative or positive perspectives upon the person that is tattooed. According to Enid Schildkrout, an anthropologist who examined the diverse cultural meanings of body art, body art is “not just the latest fashion”. Rather it is a way of expressing “individuality, social status, and cultural identity”. Tattooing is used in different groups and cultures, and is also processed using different techniques. In Body Art as Visual Language, it is stated that the Japanese would work by hand by using a collection of needles set in a wooden handle. In Polynesian culture, tattooist would pierce the skin with a hammer-like instrument to mark the body. Steve Gilbert published a collection of historical records of tattooing throughout the world from ancient to present times. He states that in New Zealand, people practice Moko, which was a unique form of decorating the face with “intricate spirals that were incised into the skin to make scars in the form of parallel ridges and grooves” (67). Creating these marked ridges and groove features required the instrument to “penetrate deeply into the flesh”...
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...The word tattoo is said to has two major derivations- from the polynesian word ‘ta’ which means striking something and the tahitian word ‘tatau’ which means ‘to mark something.Tattoos have been marked onto the bodies of human- beings for thousands of years. They are permanent designs that carry true meaning and have been looked at as status symbols, signs of religion, declaration of love, belief and even forms of punishment. Tattooing has been observed on Egyptian wall painting and also on Mummies themselves. The earliest tattoos found were over 5,000 years old. In 1991, a 5,300- year- old mummy was discovered in The Alps. He had over 50 tattoos on various parts of his body, and he is the oldest human ever found to have tattoos. Tattooing has been practiced in Japan and also other Asian countries for thousands of years. The first written record of tattooing in Japan was found in a history of the Chinese Dynasty from the year 297 A.D. Today in Japan, tattooing is considered taboo because many of the Yakuza, the Japanese mafia, wear tattoos. Some people believe that the practice of tattooing may even date as many as 10,000 years into the past! What's This? Have you ever wondered how people tattoo their bodies when they don’t have access to a tattoo gun or a professional tattoo artist? You may be surprised to learn that many people have tattooed their skin using Indian ink, a sewing needle and a few lengths of the thread. India ink (or Indian ink in British English...
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...2013 Research Paper Tattoos From the time we are born until the time we are elderly we are constantly around tattoos. In the United States a person must be 18 before they can get a tattoo legally without parents consent. Therefore, many children like the idea of tattoos, so many put on temporary tattoos such as the stick on temporary ones with water and henna tattoos. A tattoo is a type of art where he or she gets a permanent picture or design process of pricking and ingraining an indelible pigment. The word tattoo is said to have came from two different origins the Polynesian word ‘ta’ which means striking something and the Tahitian word ‘tatau’ which means ‘to mark something (“Tattoo Temple”). Many people across the world have tattoos in all different sizes, colors, and places. Each person who has a tattoo has gotten it for one reason or another. It is amazing how long tattoos have been around for. One fact obtained from doing research is, “Believe it or not, some scientists say that certain marks on the skin of the Iceman, a mummified human body dating from about 3300 B.C., are tattoos” (Krcmarik). It is very interesting to know that tattoos have been around for this many years, it was until 1991 when the tattoos were discover on the Iceman by scientist Otzi. It is incredible how they were still able to discover these markings on the Iceman after so many years of being frozen. Many people over look tattoos as dumb useless art on the body, but many tattoos have a symbolic meaning...
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...A tattoo is a form of a body modification made by inserting special needles with indelible ink into the dermis layer of skin to change the pigment. Tattoos are known from the ancient times. The original meaning of tattoo were the ritual rites. In many cultures the only people who could wear tattoos were the Chiefs of the tribes. Only someone who killed an enemy and got his tattooed head could wear tattoos. The most popular way of tattooing that time was the facial tattooing called “Moko” which is still being used nowadays. ‘Moko’ facial tattoo History of tattooing The earliest record of tattoos was found in 1991 on the frozen remains of Ötzi the “Iceman” who was dated from the 4th to 5th millennium BC. His lower back, left wrist, right and left ankle, behind his left knee and foot were worked with several dots and lines, made by “rubbing powdered charcoal into vertical cuts”. These tattoos are thought to be made to reduce the pain, because their placement resembles acupuncture. Ötzi, the “Iceman”, 1991. Egypt was another place with a long large number of mummies found covered with tattoos – at first lines and dots, later images representing different gods. As much as Egyptians were expanding their empire, the art of tattooing spread as well to other civilizations like: Crete, Greece, Persia, Arabia, and finally around 2000 BC it spread to China. It is believed that Greeks were using tattoos for communication between spies, Romans marked criminals...
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...Tattoos are Art Patti Fuller DeVry University Professor Schnee Research Paper December 12, 2010 Great art inspires. Art can evoke strong emotions; compassion, joy, sorrow, anger...the list is extensive. In the words of the artist, Mark Rothko (2010): The fact that people break down and cry when confronted with my pictures shows that I can communicate those basic human emotions...the people who weep before my pictures are having the same religious experience I had when painting them. And if you say you are moved only by their color relationships then you miss the point. I’m not an abstractionist. I’m not interested in the relationship of color or form or anything else. I’m interested only in expressing basic human emotions: tragedy, ecstasy, doom, and so on. (Art Quotations) Fig. 1 Lopez, J. paco1 Fig. 1 Lopez, J. paco1 Interpretation of art is subjective and depends on the individual viewing it. One man’s trash is another man’s treasure, and one man’s deviant, anti-social, rebellious behavior, in getting a tattoo, is another man’s gaining a piece of traveling, semi-permanent art. Ancient tattooing often signified a rite of passage, coming-of-age or tribal affiliation, while tattoos in modern sub-cultures are more like badges and tattoos today have evolved from the anchors and pin-up girls sailors once sported to the reproductions of the masters and fine art works created by a new breed of masters, elevating tattoo to art. Tattooing is one of the most ancient forms...
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...Deviance is shaped by one’s culture and is relative in space and time. When you violate society’s normal set of standards and arouse negative reactions, it is perceived as deviant. Because the perception changes over time, deviant behavior hundreds of years ago is completely different then deviant behavior today. “In the late 1800s, many Americans used cocaine, marijuana, and opium, because they were common components of over-the-counter products for symptoms like depression, insomnia, menstrual cramps, migraines, and toothaches. Coca-Cola originally contained cocaine and, perhaps not surprisingly, became an instant hit when it went on sale in 1894” (Goode, 2008). Today, the use of drugs is deviant and illegal. Deviance is a very subjective field of study and can be considered very controversial. There are nine theoretical perspectives of deviance that is viewed from different historical standpoints. The first is a demonic perspective where the roots are from metaphysical causes. This perspective explains how evil forces influence us toward temptation and possession causing deviant behavior. The classical theory of deviance deals with deviance as a freely calculated choice to increase or decrease pain. Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham were enlightened reformers arguing that social control is based on rational human reasoning. Both views have been seen mostly outdated, being replaced with the concern of the causation of deviance. The third perspective is the pathological...
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...History of tatto in the world Tattooing has been a Eurasian practice at least since Neolithic times. Ötzi the Iceman, dating from the fourth to fifth millennium BC, was found in the Ötz valley in the Alps and had some 57 carbon tattoos consisting of simple dots and lines on his lower spine, behind his left knee, and on his right ankle. These tattoos were thought to be a form of healing because of their placement which resembles acupuncture.[19] Other mummies bearing tattoos and dating from the end of the second millennium BC have been discovered, such as the Mummy of Amunet from ancient Egypt and the mummies at Pazyryk on the Ukok Plateau.[5] Pre-Christian Germanic, Celtic and other central and northern European tribes were often heavily tattooed, according to surviving accounts. The Picts were famously tattooed (or scarified) with elaborate, war-inspired black or dark blue woad (or possibly copper for the blue tone) designs. Julius Caesar described these tattoos in Book V of his Gallic Wars (54 BC). Various other cultures have had their own tattoo traditions, ranging from rubbing cuts and other wounds with ashes, to hand-pricking the skin to insert dyes. Tattooing in the Western world today has its origins in the maritime expeditions, throu the contact with amerindian tribes and Polynesia, by sixteenth - eighteenth century explorers. Especially the Polynesian practice became popular among European sailors, from them they took the Samoan word "tatau", to describe the actual...
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...The power of writing The power of writing Writing Skills Writing Skills Milouska Solognier Milouska Solognier Table of contents Letter…………………………………………………………………….Page 2 Essay……………………………………………………………………...Page 3 Job Letter……………………………………………………Page 7 Letter Apple’s Headquarters Cupertino, California 95014 United States of America December 1, 2012 Apple team member To our apple team member, First of all Apple wants to thank you for your focus, dedication and the great job that you have done so far this year. We recognize your efforts to represent our brand in the best way possible each and every year. As you all know, in September 2012 Apple launched a new mapping system for the new IOS6. We launched this new mapping system knowing it is a major initiative for Apple. Unfortunately, we fell short on our commitment with the launching of our new mapping system, causing many confusion and dissatisfaction between our customers. We are aware of this problem and we are immensely sorry for the stress and frustration this may have caused to your everyday job here at Apple. We are working hard to make the customer experience even better and within days of the IOS6 release we managed to fix items on the mapping with the right name at the right place. We will be seeking outside help from mapping-technology firms and we are urging maps provider Tom Tom to fix some of the mistakes in the current map. Meanwhile this problem is being worked on; it is still possible...
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...MAORI ANT 101 Introduction There are many theories as to where the Maori culture originated. As all Polynesian descendants, they were thought to have derived from islands in the central and southern Pacific. The Maori are now the indigenous people of New Zealand. This composition will disclose facts on the history of the Maori and concentrating on revealing the spiritual beliefs and values, their kinship, and political organization. Additionally, information will include, what makes the Maori a resilient culture that adapted to foreign lands, learned various modes of survival, and accomplished the threshold of a new civilization. In conclusion, facts will consist of the present change of the cultural dynamics of the Maori. Outline I. Introduction II. The Maori History A. Origins of the Maori Culture B. Early Settlement C. Horticulturists-(rare) Foragers III. Beliefs and values A. Supernatural rituals B. Religious rites C. Communal ceremonies IV. Kinship A. Kin Groups/Tribes B. Extensive Family ties to Kinsfolks C. Marriage V. Political organization A. Chiefdom B. Statuses of various tribes Maori Culture Initially, the crews of canoes or rafts from the parts of eastern Polynesia had sailed thousands of miles to the southwest and unplanned discovered two large islands that presently make up New Zealand. Over the centuries, other bands of sea travelers reached the islands, where they embarked on a struggle...
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