...develop and implement public policy. It is characterized by an organization that is responsible to the electorate and has a role in government. 2. What are the characteristics of politics? -who gets what, when, how, and why. Politics deal with individuals and their needs, values, and attitudes will band together to form political parties. 3. What are linkage institutions? -the means by which individuals can express preferences regarding the development of public policy. Some examples: political parties, special interest groups, and the media. 4. Political parties looked like? -can be viewed as an organization, the relationship with the electorate, and a role in government. 5.What is party realignment? -the shift of party loyalty, occurred in 1932 after the country experienced the Great Depression. 6. What are the basic characteristics of political parties since 1990? -era of divided government. ? 7. How do most Americans participate in the political process? - discussing politics, registering to vote, voting in local/state/national elections, joining a specific political party, making contact with politicians, attending political meetings, contributing to political campaigns, working in a campaign, soliciting funds, and running for office. 8. What does someone running for office seek from a political party? -they seek for their aid in getting elected. Political parties should help with publicity, funding, and events/speeches. Basically, they will endorse their...
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...physical nature; cognitive is changes in thought, intelligence and language; and socioemotional is changes within a person’s relationships & friendships with others as well as their own emotions and personality. From the prenatal period and along the way, we learn how to use our minds and bodies to communicate, develop friendships, learn how to love, work, play and achieve. From early childhood we are learning to be self sufficient on to adulthood, where we are seeking how to be independent and expand personally and socially. Eventually we get to late adulthood and our bodies are going through a multitude of changes as we get ready to enter the final life cycle. For me personally, the human life span is more linear as described as the periods of development in the book we are reading. It is easy to see the different processes unfold within the various periods of development if you delineate the age categories or specific periods and patterns of change. Nature vs. Nurture- Nature refers to the position that our genetic inheritance is the primary influence on development. On the contrary, Nuture refers to the stance that experiences, parenting, education, learning, cultural influences is the primary influence for development. The saying ‘Nature vs. Nurture’ is a catchphrase and has been around forever. It is basically summed up as the virtual...
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...forms of political socialization that can influence a person’s opinion or value about something. Everyone does not have the same value and opinions as others do because we were all raised different. There are also many influences of political socialization. Friends, neighbors, and other peers influence political socialization. Two major influences of political socialization are family and school. Family and school have been an influence that we have seen from early childhood and the media has acted as agent of political socialization. Family is one of the two most important influences on political...
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...political contests are commonly endorsed by other politicians, interest groups and celebrities. Prior to the 2008 Democratic Presidential Primary, Barack Obama was endorsed by Oprah Winfrey, a celebrity with a proven track record of influencing her fans’ commercial decisions. In this paper, we use geographic differences in subscriptions to O! – The Oprah Magazine and the sale of books Winfrey recommended as part of Oprah's Book Club to assess whether her endorsement affected the Primary outcomes. We find her endorsement had a positive effect on the votes Obama received, increased the overall voter participation rate, and increased the number of contributions received by Obama. No connection is found between the measures of Oprah's influence and Obama's success in previous elections, nor with underlying local political preferences. Our results suggest that Winfrey’s endorsement was responsible for approximately 1,000,000 additional votes for Obama. JEL Classification Numbers: D7; D72 We are grateful to Bill Evans for his comments and guidance. We also would like to thank Kerwin Charles, Allan Drazen, Mark Duggan, Kyle Handley, Judy Hellerstein, Dan Hungerman, Melissa Kearney, Brian Knight, Sebastian Miller and seminar participants at the University of Maryland for useful suggestions. For access to their data, we thank the Audit Bureau of Circulations, Mediamark Research and Intelligence and Jim King at Nielsen BookScan. All errors remain our own. INTRODUCTION ...
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...Voting Problem in America Voting Problem in America Numerous studies have been steered to support with observing for influences that will demonstration by public do not contribute in voting. It has remained a mounting difficulties with appropriate voters not registering and object their ballot. Over the decades, Americans have vanished trace with the antiquity of voting. Voting for in determinations supports in providing underpinning on why society do not participate in voting. Analyses provide tangible influences with why societies do not vote with illustration clusters support. Discovery of behaviors will show the unabridged development with the existing system supports with the American community. The 2008 elections enquiry provides awareness with the diverse motives from highest to lowest. Giving some understanding on the origin of the unruly and outcome resolutions to battle these problems. Examination can transform that are currently in domicile and assuring voting contributions on the ability to speak on the issues and distresses. Observing at other countries for potential solutions to the problem can be one riposte for the United States voting delinquent. Using tads and shards can support with altering he existing classification that does not work. Without transformation, the voting contribution will endure to diminish. The history behind the voting in America helps wonder why this pass civil liberty has fallen to many Americans waist side in today’s world. As America...
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...and Consumer Influences Analysis Name PSY/322 University of Phoenix Consumer influences, and the environment for which they are subject play an enormous part in monetary expenditure. Society to a very large degree is a product of its environment, as we see much of our behavior subject to what is seen as the normality of its geographical population. Even so, our actions do not occur without having made a conscious decision. According to Morse (2009), “Ultimately, we are products of both our environment and our own actions - it's a question of which has more control.” This behavior is directly affected by a large number of elements, and it can be clearly seen from country to country, but also from state to state within a single country. Such elements include societies perceptions, and attitudes, but also an individual’s age, personality, family upbringing, and social class. What a society sees as value ultimately drives its behavior, and its possible to find these elements taking hold in the life of the individual in simple forms. What must society have, and what does society really need? Such questions placed into a survey would bring primary analysis to a marketing team that seeks to sell its product to the population. Only imaginable is the idea that whatever the product; every household should have at least one. Home entertainment, and its seemingly never-ending innovation in product development falls to such a marketing venture. Does the average household...
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...UNIT 2 Answer Key CHAPTER 5 IV. Section 4: Party Organization A. Structure Federalism, nominating B. Organization at the National Level 1. convention 2. chairperson C. State and Local Organization 1. election, caucuses 2. wards Prereading and Vocabulary 2 1. should cut back on expensive government programs Sample definition: Conservatives believe in cutting costs and government programs. 2. came to vote Sample definition: The electorate is the group of people who are allowed to vote. 3. voted at the polling place, elementary school Sample definition: A precinct is a small area from which all the residents report to vote at one location. 4. wards 5. bipartisan 6. nominate 7. Liberals 8. resign CHAPTER 5 Section 1 Reading Comprehension 3 1. Answers for rankings will vary. Historical basis: The two-party system is rooted in the beginnings of the U.S., when the ratification of the Constitution gave rise to the first two parties. Tradition: Most Americans accept the idea of a two-party system simply because there has always been one. Electoral system: Since only one winner per office comes out of each election, voters have only two viable choices—the candidate of the party holding office or the candidate with the best chance of replacing the current officeholder. Voters tend to think of a vote for a minor party candidate as a wasted vote. Republicans and Democrats work together in a bipartisan way to write election laws to make...
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...and make it clean and honest. Our team has come up to a campaign called “HONESTHESIA: Be the Cure” which aims to increase honest individuals and young voters to stop dishonest acts during school and nationwide elections. Our goal is to: 1. To provide awareness about honesty to students within 6 months 2. To teach the true value and importance of honesty during elections within 6 months 3. To increase by 10% the students who will value and practice honesty during elections every year after the campaign is implemented 4. To decrease dishonesty and corruption by 10% every year after the campaign is implemented The major target audiences of the IMC Campaign are high school and college students both public and private, mostly at the age of 12-22 years old but also includes out of school youth. This campaign is targeting the Cebuano students especially in suburban and rural places in Cebu. Seminars will be held from different schools and in each barangay halls or gymnasiums from south to north of Cebu. There will...
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...questioning the existence of the official state-worshiped gods. This tension between philosophy, science and religion continued through the 1400’s and 1500’s when the European “Enlightenment” emphasized the concept that both “rational thought” and “science” was separate from religion. Today, they are still generally in tension. Whether these methods of gaining knowledge are consistent or not is constantly debated among scientists, theologians, and philosophers. Science=observation of the physical universe which includes (beginning in the late 1800’s) the study of human behavior using our five senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell); Religion=the study of the “divine” (i.e., god, however a person conceives of that notion, and it’s implications) Philosophy=the study of questions unanswerable by science through the use of “reason” (rational thought) alone. Thus, there are 4 different philosophical views on how humans can obtain knowledge: 1. mysticism/divine revelation—a god or gods “reveal” knowledge to us through prayer, meditation, visions, etc. Most religions believe knowledge can be obtained this way—i.e. faith brings knowledge of the “mystical.” 2. rationalism—our reasoning minds alone can figure things out. e.g. Descartes’ famous quote “I think, therefore, I am.” 3. empiricism—we can know things only through...
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...Today, the consumption of alcohol by anyone under the age of 21 is generally illegal across the United States; however, there are some states that have exceptions allowing underage consumption of alcohol in certain circumstances. Underage drinking is allowed if done on private premises with parental consent or for religious purposes. In Ruth Engs’ opinion, based upon her research, “as a nation we have tried prohibition legislation twice in the past for controlling irresponsible drinking problems. This was during National Prohibition in the 1920’s and State Prohibition during the 1850’s. These laws were finally repealed because they were unenforceable and because the backlash towards them caused other social problems. Today we are repeating history and making the same mistakes that occurred in the past. Prohibition did not work then and prohibition for young people under the age of 21 is not working now” (Engs). On many campuses around the country, led by the so-called Amethyst Initiative, the legal drinking age continues to be a controversial issue since it is believed that “twenty-one is not working” (Sanghavi). The old familiar argument is that turning 18 bestows the rights and responsibilities of adulthood such as voting, serving on juries, getting married, signing contracts, joining the military, buying cigarettes, watching porn and upon prosecution, trial as an adult. If adults from the age of 18 are trusted to do all of these things, they should also be trusted...
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...approved* by the following: William T. Ross, Jr. Professor of Marketing Dissertation Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee John C. Liechty Associate Professor of Marketing Dissertation Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee Peter Ebbes Assistant Professor of Marketing David J. Huff Clinical Assistant Professor of Supply Chain and Information Systems Johannes Baumgartner Professor of Marketing Head of the Department of Marketing *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Political marketing sits at the nexus of two disciplines, political science and marketing, but is not entirely accepted by either. The present research looks at the origin, development, and evolution of political marketing and examines how the adoption of a political marketing orientation is impacting the practice of political campaigns. The role of political marketing in actually changing voters’ preferences is also examined, showing that grassroots marketing efforts seem to have the greatest effect, especially with undecided voters. Finally, voter segments are derived for the last five presidential elections in the United States (1988-2004) using latent class analysis (LCA). The interpretation and implications of these segments are discussed and several avenues for future research are suggested. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... vi...
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...Identifying the specific reason why Millennials have the lowest voting turning out rate than any other generation in history has been a question political analyst have been trying to determine for years. Millennials between 18 and 29 years old are approximately 550 million, yet they fail to out number the older generations during elections (Matta and Martin 1). Now, for the upcoming 2016 Presidential Election, it will be the first time the Millennial eligibility voting population will equal that of Baby Boomers. Investigating the reason for the absence of Millennials at the voting polls during the last decade of elections is important because if organized they are capable of having a major influence in shaping the government. When investigating...
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...Terms Definitions Microsociology emphasis is placed on social interaction- rules, codes, survival strategies, relationships, face to face contact. Location in Social Structure People's location in the social structure accounts for differences in their behavior & attitudes Ascribed Status involuntary status; a status you inherit o Class of parents, gender, sex, ethnicity, race Achieved Status voluntary status; a status you earn o Student, criminal, doctor, friend Society people who share culture & territory Hunting & Gathering Societies simplest form of society, few social divisions, few people, nomadic, most egalitarian [treat all as equals, no one is rich or poor], society with most leisure time. Role Conflict When what is expected of us in one role is incompatible with what is expected in another role. Role Strain When the same role presents inherent conflict- one role Thomas Theorem If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences- think of people as less than and they will be treated as such. Group members of a group think of themselves as belonging together, they interact with one another Primary Groups called the spring of life by Charles Horton Cooley, primary groups influence life Secondary groups larger, more anonymous, formal, impersonal ie. college class, APA, Democratic party, workplace employees. Society could not function without them Reference Groups a group whose standards we consider as we evaluate ourselves- family...
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...has a significant influence on the structuring of the party system within a country. In 1991, for a newly established democratic republic, Slovenia, the question of selecting the right electoral system was on top of the political agenda. Slovenia, that just had socialist period of the past, when there was “voting without elections”, looked for ways to obtain a stable political system and chose the model, used by the developed countries of Western Europe. The choice to use proportional system has lead to multi-party system and effective governance. According to the reports by Freedom of House, the country is placed very highly with respect to its overall level of democracy, while the level of competition is above the global average. This proves us once again the validity of Lijphart’s theory, that claims that proportional electoral systems lead towards greater long-term democratic stability in deeply-divided plural societies. To begin with, the electoral system concerns multiple aspects of electoral law and its most basic characteristics, defined clearly in Patterns of Democracy, are the ballot structure, determining how voters can express their choices, the electoral threshold, or the minimum votes needed by a party to secure representation, the electoral formula, determining how votes are counted to allocate seats, and the district magnitude, referring to the number of seats per district. Slovenia's electoral formula is a proportional system of voting, that also includes...
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...CORPORATE OWNERSHIP IN LATIN AMERICAN FIRMS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DUAL-CLASS SHARES Luiz Ricardo Kabbach de Castro Rafel Crespi i Cladera Universitat de les Illes Balears Ruth V. Aguilera University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign We assembly new data on dual-class firms in Latin America and analyze the relationship between the largest shareholder characteristics and its decision to leverage voting rights. First, we describe who are the largest shareholders in Latin American firms. Second, we find that both the type and origin of the largest shareholder, together with firm- and country-level characteristics, are important determinants to explain the decision to separate voting from cashflow rights. To tackle the determinants of ownership in Latin American publicly listed firms has both managerial and policy implications because the largest shareholders are those in charge to define business strategies and the allocation of firms’ resources. Key words: Corporate ownership; dual-class shares; voting rights; cash-flow rights; Latin America. 1 INTRODUCTION Most of the analysis of the Modern Corporation has focused on the conflicts of interest between managers and owners. Yet, recent literature, extending the discussion of the classic ownermanager conflict, adds minority versus majority shareholders conflict where more concentrated ownership structures takes place (La Porta, López-de-Silanes, & Shleifer, 1999; Villalonga & Amit, 2009; Young, Peng, Ahlstrom, Bruton,...
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