...Propaganda is used to all aspects of life to rally people behind a cause. In the context of politics, militarism and war it is often associated with authoritarian governments, but it is used in democracies as well. Although the practices of propaganda contradict democratic ideals, many propaganda techniques are more easily utilized in a liberal society that encourages freedom of speech. When propaganda is used in a liberal society, it is especially effective because in a liberal society people assume they are thinking and acting freely, without recognizing the subtle manipulation of propaganda. Although it may seem unethical, the American government and its military officials often use deceitful tactics of propaganda to hide the truth about...
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...How far could the historian make use of sources 6 and 7 together to investigate the impact that the reforms of the Constituent Assembly had on the people of France? During the years 1789 to 1792 the Constituent Assembly looked to reform a lot of the inequalities and problems that had existed previously in the Ancien Regime. This reform took place in documents such as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. This document involved policies such as reformed taxes, limiting the king’s powers and giving the people of France political rights. Sources 6 and 7 were both written around the time of these reformations and during the French revolution. The two sources could be seen as being useful to an historian looking to investigate the impact the reforms of the Constituent Assembly had on the people of France. Source 6 is written by a deputy of the Constituent Assembly (Adrien Duquesnoy) and was found inside his diary. As the source was written in his own personal diary the author is clearly not using this as any form of propaganda and instead is based on his own personal points and what he believes is correct against an opposition which he identifies as being wrong in how they perceive the reforms of the Constituent Assembly. Source 6 shows that the Assembly has done well and is defending himself because people are being critical of the Assembly. This is shown within the source when it states that Adrien had been receiving critics asking him and the Assembly “what...
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...Katie Kavanagh 27 July 2014 The Information Age: Assignment #2 America is constantly developing as a nation along with the smaller communities that have formed within it, and information technologies have proven over time to create communities, both real and imagined. Although there are many different kinds of technology that have helped developed the nation and the world, one tool especially useful in disseminating this community-building information is the newspaper. Benedict Anderson, Professor Emeritus of International Studies, Government and Asian Studies at Cornell University first created the term “imagined community”. Originally, the phrase was mostly used when referring to nationalism, but now it can be used to describe any group of people who share a common passion or interest. There are several different types of information that newspapers distribute; therefore, there are many kinds of imagined communities that they have created in the past and have the potential to construct in the future. By definition according to Anderson, a nation is “an imagined political community”—a widespread consciousness shared by its members who may never come into contact with one another. Consequently, the first way newspapers built an imagined community was by sparking the emergence of a national identity amongst American citizens. Alexander Ziegler conducts a study on the involvement of newspapers in the development of an American national identity in which he states:...
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...Different Types of Advertising Here is an article that talks about the different types of advertising. Read on... Advertising is the promotion of a company’s products and services carried out primarily to drive sales of the products and services but also to build a brand identity and communicate changes or new product /services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential element of the corporate world and hence the companies allot a considerable amount of revenues as their advertising budget. There are several reasons for advertising some of which are as follows: * Increasing the sales of the product/service * Creating and maintaining a brand identity or brand image. * Communicating a change in the existing product line. * Introduction of a new product or service. * Increasing the buzz-value of the brand or the company. Thus, several reasons for advertising and similarly there exist various media which can be effectively used for advertising. Based on these criteria there can be several branches of advertising. Mentioned below are the various categories or types of advertising: Print Advertising – Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, Fliers The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. Often the newspapers and the magazines sell the advertising...
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...Embedded Journalism COM: 235 Final Research Paper April 24, 2014 Chloe Di-Tommaso Dr. Meade “Embedded Journalism” Throughout our studies amongst media law and ethics, I have grown particularly absorbed by the weights and balances of embedded journalism within our war culture today. My research aims to evaluate both the values and drawbacks of the Pentagon’s decision to pursue embedded journalism during the war on terror in 2003. I will be offering an in-depth evaluation of the history, objectives and purposes of embedding, how embedding raises concerns with the First Amendment’s entitlements, and finally questioning the notion that embedded journalism decreases censorship and increases access. In order to understand the current iteration of embedded journalism, we must understand our nations history of war correspondents and their relations with soldiers (Mayfield, 2013). The history between the military and the media lays the foundation for embedded journalism and serves as a reminder that the absence of censorship in past wars provided the impact on todays embedded program into Iraq (Brandenburg, 2007). Military-media relations have been building up over time, it originated with the earliest correspondents in 1850 and today expands through British, French, and American military engagement with the media (Mayfield, 2013). It wasn’t until the second half of the twentieth century that America began utilizing their media to report on current warfare’s. However, journalistic...
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...author, Sieyés, was elected as a representative of the Third Estate when the Estates-General were met in May 1789. It can, therefore, be argued that the source is useful to historians studying the significance of 1789 owing to the fact that it embodies the views of the Third Estate even if it is propaganda. In addition to this, it is important to mention that Source A is published in January 1789 when revolutionary ideologies were swiftly spreading across the country as a result of the King’s declaration in August 1788 that the Estates-General would meet which is often considered by historians to have been a factor of the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789 as it made members of the public believe change was possible. To an historian, the arguments presented by Sieyés in the source itself are both relevant and useful to develop a greater understanding of the significance of 1789 owing to the fact that it presents the frustrations and the requirements the Third Estate. Sieyés use of the question and answer combination featured in the pamphlet of ‘What is the Third Estate? – Everything’ presents the argument that those who make up the Third Estate i.e. the menu peuple are the nation itself. This can be supported by the known fact that they represented approximately 98 per cent of the French population. It can be useful to an historian as it presents the growing ideology that the Third Estate, as a majority body, should possess the ability to manage the nation’s affairs which arguably...
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...ago, Martin Luther King captivated America with his historic "I Have a Dream" speech. This speech insisted racial integrity towards the wronged black community of America. The topic of the speech was that all individuals were created equal and from that day there needed to be a transformation in modern America. King's words demonstrated to touch the heaps of individuals and gave the country a language to express what was happening in the black community of American. Martin Luther King's speaking was cautiously created so it would have the most suitable delivery to suggest his facts and ideas. During that remarkable speech there are unseen, but apparent drops of propaganda....
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...with others, and that some sad people may prefer to be alone.”(Copyright (c) 2009 John D. Mayer) Contrary to popular belief there really is no definite way to determine possible success in life by measuring the emotional IQ of an individual. This is just another type of propaganda formed by some people to promote EiQ based on misunderstandings of the science behind it. These claims were never made by the founders of EiQ. With that said, I understand EiQ to be useful because it expands our understanding of ”intelligence “and helps us to better predict which people are right for the types of employment that are being offered EiQ and Me As per the assignment requires, I took part in two different types of EiQ testing. My results are as follows; Test 1 You have slightly above average EQ – with room to grow! Test results for ___________________ taken on ________ (http://www.ihhp.com/free-eq-quiz/) Test 2 “You are reasonably skilled when it comes to the core ability of identifying, perceiving and expressing emotions in yourself and others. There is still, however, room for growth. Overall, your skills in this area of emotional intelligence aid you in the process of reading others, understanding how they feel, and effectively identifying your own emotions” Test results...
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...Genetically Modified and Engineered Products Panacea or Poison? If you think you know everything about the foods humans consume on a daily basis, what you will come to find out might make you think twice about purchasing and consuming certain food products. The documentary “Panacea or Poison” is an informative documentary film about the ways in which scientists have found a way to alter the DNA (the blueprint of life) and produce a crop that is potentially stronger, and can fight the harmful diseases that it is exposed to on a daily basis. Although the scientists in this documentary believe that the genetic engineering of crops could potentially resolve the problem of world hunger, many people are beginning to question the health concerns of these products and the threat it puts on our environment. While some scientists are all for genetically engineered crops, some are totally against it because the industry has neglected to perform a single study about the ways in which these foods are safe for the population. This puts question on whether or not we are being used as experiments as we consume these bio tech nutritional supplements. Therefor the question throughout this film and in my mind, remains unanswered: What are the effects and risks of these genetically engineered and modified crops? Most people who are consuming genetically engineered products are not even aware of it because most of these products are not labeled because the Food and Drug Association do not require...
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...are the roles that women played in World War One beginning in 1914, the second historic event is the 19th Amendment, giving women the right to vote, the third time period I will be talking about before 1930 is that of the roaring 1920s. After 1930, the changes were still happening for women and World War II was a major point in the evolution of what it means to be a woman, this time period was quickly followed by the baby boom. The final time period I will discuss is the Feminist Movement in the 1960s and how those efforts have led to a lasting impression of who women are in today's modern era. WOMEN IN AMERICA Annotated Bibliography: Rochman, H. (2001). Those extraordinary women of world war I. The Booklist, 98(6), 564-564. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/235519051?accountid=32521 3 ! This document written in 2001 provides an overview of the dedication and acts that women did during the first world war, how they provided aid to the war effort and how they gained more...
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...encompasses? Bert Hanson – medical breakthrough = social phenomenon * How has promise of medical breakthroughs influenced: media culture and patients expectations relationship between medicine and media place of medicine in American political culture How and why does the medical community use media to communicate with public? Increasingly interdependent spheres w/ differing perspectives on vision of media’s role is in “media-ted” world What makes health “news”? Producing Medical Heroes How and why has American society selected its medical heroes? How has this changed over time? What functions do depictions of heroic doctors (Walter Reed, and House, M.D.) and patients serve? How have fictional medical characters – in novels, Hollywood films, on TV – shaped expectations of medical culture? VD, HIV, and the Media How did the media contribute to the publics perception of venereal diseases and HIV? What images (both visual, and stories told to make a point) came most powerfully to cultural prominence? What were the aims of medical and public health authorities, the state, and media professionals in working to make those images publically visible? What role did the media play in changing public’s image of HIV? Stigmatization, Destigmatization, and Medical Illnesses Ways portrayal of medical condition in media contributes to a stereotype in society? How does representation influence publics perception of a particular medical condition...
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...” Choose one of these categories and discuss how the U.S. government failed and what can be done in the future to avoid a similar failure. Although I feel that all of these categories can apply in some way or another, the category I choose to develop my question on is the failure of the management- both operational and institutional. From reading Chapter 11 Foresight and Hindsight in the 9/11 Commission Report, we can see how the management missed numerous opportunities in upsetting the 9/11 plot. According to the Commission’s Report the reasoning behind this is because “Information was not shared, sometimes inadvertently or because of legal misunderstandings. Analysis was not pooled. Effective operations were not launched. Often the handoffs of information were lost across the divide separating the foreign and domestic agencies of the government.” (The 9/11 Commission Report-Pg. 353) Al Qaeda adapted to the failure of our management operations to gain entrance into the United States. Presented in the chapter is an illustration of how operational management failed in protecting our homeland with the case of Mihdhar, Hazmi, and Salem and their trip to Kuala Lumpur. In brief summary, here are the operational opportunities that the United States missed in this case: “1. January 2000: The CIA does not watch list Khalid al Mihdhar or notify the FBI when it learned Mihdhar possessed a valid U.S. visa. 2. January 2000: The CIA does not develop a transnational plan for tracking...
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...1. Stereotypes, narratives, ideologies and discourses are devices that, in different ways according to different theorists, fortify media power. Critically analyse how these devices work, according to various theorists, and reflect upon which best explains communicative power. The social construction of reality is mediated through the communicative powers of stereotypes, narratives, ideologies and discourses and the media is extremely powerful in communicating messages with these devices. It will be argued that discourses are the most powerful communicating device used by the media in the postindustrial era today. Furthermore as per Croteau & Hoynes (2014, p. 9), the analysis will focus on recognised mass media that is readily available in print, film, radio, television, sound recordings and the Internet. Poststructuralists within sociology examine the structures of society and human agency. Human agency or action is influenced by sociocultural factors such as ideology that shape human identity and act subconsciously over an individual. Ideology is the system of meaning that helps explain, define and make value judgments about the world (Croteau & Hoynes 2014, p. 152). As we live in an interconnected world there are many ideologies as there are social structures in any given society. Related to this is that dominant ideas are hegemonic. Marx created the superstructure, which is the domain of ideas for example religion, legal structures, family, institutions...
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...writer’s reason for writing a particular article or book may be manipulative, as in propaganda or advertising, or may be more straightforward, as in informative writing. In either case, understanding the writer’s underlying purpose will help you interpret the context of the writing. It will also help you see why writers make the decisions they do—from the largest decisions about what information to present to the smallest details of what words to use. The chapter concludes with instructions on how to write an analysis of purpose and technique. This kind of rhetorical analysis will provide the perspective required to keep you from being pushed by words in directions you don’t want to go. T 103 104 Part 1 Writing About Reading The Writer's Purpose Insofar as people know what they are doing, they plan their actions to achieve their purposes. Someone who selects the purpose of being rich will design and carry out a set of actions, legal or illegal, to gain the desired wealth. A person who wants to gain great wisdom will design an entirely different life course. Writers, whether they want most to be wealthy or wise, have specific purposes they hope to achieve by any piece of work. If they are skilled writers—that is, in control of what they write—they design each aspect of what they are writing to achieve their purpose. Being aware of the writer's purpose when you read helps you evaluate how well the writer has achieved the purpose and decide whether you want to follow...
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...and evaluation. These challenges require close consideration of the child’s age, prior pain experiences, developmental, cognitive and communication levels. As nurses are responsible in the assessment of children’s pain, it is appropriate to know all methods, and techniques of alleviating this uncomfortable stimuli, thus presenting the clinical question; in children, how can non-pharmacological (complementary/ alternative) methods be more beneficial in pain management compared to non-pharmacological/conventional medicines? The purpose of this paper is to explore how non-pharmacological methods can be useful in reducing pain. The different variations of non-pharmacological interventions, adverse effects of pharmacological medication, economic factors and knowledge deficits related to nurse education of pain management will be discussed below. Non-Pharmacological Techniques Non-pharmacological techniques, or complementary therapies are considered as any intervention used for pain alleviation that are non-analgesics or other kinds of medications and can be used with or without pharmacological aid. To better understand how many of these types of procedures are effective on a cellular level, we must look at “The Gate Control Theory”. This theory proposes inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord regulate pain information to the brain. When these neurons are stimulated through pressure or massage they inhibit the transmission of noxious messages to the brain, and “close the gate” meaning...
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