...The theme of this book is individual-rights verses public-order, specifically; the rights guaranteed by the constitution to criminal suspects and law abiding citizens need to be upheld and defended. On the public-order side of things, the needs of communities to be protected from unlawful and/or harmful behavior must be recognized as well. These two sides have opposing groups: individual-rights advocates and public-order advocates. Individual-rights advocates focus on just that. They make sure the rights of citizens and suspects are both upheld (like the right to a speedy trial and bail). Public-order advocates are there to make sure that the public (communities) are also protected from unacceptable behavior... Describe the American experience with crime during the last half century. What noteworthy criminal incidents or activities can you identify during that time, and what social and economic conditions might have produced them? The American experience with crime during the last half century has been especially influential in shaping the criminal justice system of today. Although crime waves have come and gone, some events during the past century stand out as especially significant, including a spurt of widespread organized criminal activity associated with the Prohibition years of the early twentieth century; the substantial increase in “traditional” crimes during the 1960s and 1970s; the threat to the American way of life represented by illicit drugs around the same time;...
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...purpose of government according to the natural rights philosophers? • Where does government get its right to govern, according to the natural rights philosophers? • What is a social compact? Do you think this is the best way to create a government? Why or why not? • What beliefs about rights were important to the American colonists? • What rights do you think people should have? • What is republican government? • Why did Montesquieu believe that the powers of republican government should be separated among different branches or groups in the government? • What was the purpose of balancing the powers among different groups in the government? • Why should each group...
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...BSHS/332 Theresa Edwards Ethical Relativism October 13, 2014 Do you know about Ethical Relativism? Do you practice Ethical Relativism? Can Ethical Relativism hurt you or harm you? Ethical Relativism is the act of knowing what’s right from wrong. Every culture and society may have different views. Ethical relativism does not tell what’s right from wrong, it’s cultural diversity and describes its theory. According to the text, relativism can differ from person to person, culture to culture; society to society. One should respect one’s views as they may or may not be the same. All cultures do not agree with others, however as an individual you try to change the persons view. Do you do what is morally, and politically correct? As an individual that can establish wrong, or right, and make the right choices. Ethical relativism does not know what’s right from wrong. Everyone should be able to make choices according to one’s culture, or what society believes is right, however it is the actions of a person who has rights and the ability to make the right choices, and allow a person’s values? Is there an excuse or pass for doing something that is clearly wrong, however allowing one’s self to believe that it is morally and ethically correct, can be nearly impossible. When a person’s morals becomes a position that can be a lot different from others. Society’s views are better than others in a transcultural way. A person can act, but to act for reason’s, intentionally, and with...
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...Healthcare a Right or a Privilege Cheryl Alcala Intro to Ethics and Social Responsibility Noel Sauer September 17th 2012 Should healthcare be a right or a privilege? In today's society it is becoming more of a privilege than a right. I believe that this is not the way things should be. Our government did not originally intend for it to be this way. I believe that our fore fathers wanted everyone to have the same rights. Was healthcare in the constitution? No, but I do believe that if our forefathers were alive today things would be much different. The issue at hand is healthcare and should it be a right or a privilege. The problem that this presents is this. Do we allow healthcare for everyone or do we chose who has the right to healthcare? Healthcare should be allowed for everyone in the united states. I feel that everyone has the right to be healthy. Other countries have implemented free healthcare and I feel the pros out weigh the cons. With free healthcare you are promoting a healthier society not to mention possibly increasing ones life expectancy. In retrospect your allowing people the chance to live longer healthier lives. Our government it is my belief wants to control who gets healthcare and who doesn't. I feel that this is their way of controlling our population, and continuing to remain in control of our lives. Why is it fair for a wealthy person to receive full medical and dental benefits yet a person of low income status cannot? Do you think...
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...The instances of genocide in the late 20th century stand as a testament to how unreliable the nation state can be when inalienable and human rights are concerned. As is shown in the case of Rwanda, non-state actors have taken steps to trample on these rights even when the victim technically has citizenship in a country. Additionally, the nation-state can reinforce the actions of the non-state actors through either sponsorship, or even inaction in the face of genocide. Civil society actors have taken steps to act where the nation-state has failed to do so out of what Ayers identifies as labeling the conflict as internal or a civil war. Ultimately, both Ayers and Power agree that labeling genocide as what it is, and taking other steps outside of raw military force can go a long way in preventing the atrocities of the 20th century. More specifically, since the nation-state alone cannot be trusted to handle these situations, civil society must take steps to better the diplomacy of the nation-state, along with creating an international community that can work together to remedy the problems of human and inalienable rights violations. In her article “Raising the Cost of Genocide,” Samantha Power examines the historical response to genocide by discussing the ways in which western powers have avoided responsibility for 20th century atrocities. She begins her article by explaining the invention of the word genocide as a word meant to “send shudders down the spines of those who heard it...
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...guidelines for determining how conflicts in human interests are to be settled and for optimizing mutual benefit of people living together in groups. --There is no one correct way to resolve ethical issues in business. -- Each type of philosophy has a distinct basis for deciding whether a particular action is right or wrong. -- Ethics issues analyzed using different philosophical theories generally have the same appropriate outcome. Role Morality — people have a moral responsibility to fulfill their role in the organization Do employees have a moral responsibility to “do their jobs?” What are their responsibilities? Do employers have a moral responsibility to “do their jobs?” What are their responsibilities? How do employers handle conflicts in the different roles they perform? What if your superior wants you to carry out some responsibility, and your workgroup thinks this is unfair? What if some personal role conflicts with a work role? (Others roles include: student, parent, child, organization member, etc.) Moral Philosophy Perspectives 1. Teleology — egoism - enlightened egoism - utilitarianism 2. Deontology 3. Relativist Perspective 4. Virtue Ethics I. Teleology — consequences (consequentialist theories) egoism — right behavior is based on good consequences for the individual enlightened egoism — some basic “rules” or policies are followed not because they are right, but because they will help...
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...immigration laws. Many questions come up about this topic in today's society, like how do we stop immigration or do we even stop it? Not all immigrants are bad some are useful to the United States; we have to remember that the first people in America were immigrants. We do not have the right to deport others back to their native land. Many people from different countries try so hard to get to United States looking for a better life. There are many reasons why immigrants migrate to different countries, especially the United States of America home of the free. Some reasons are employment opportunities or careers that are not available in their native land, improved quality of life, and refuge from war. Most immigrants focus on making sure their children have a better life they had; those people show the theory of utilitarianism. "Utilitarianism argues that, given a set of choices, the act we should choose is that which produces the best results for the greatest number affected by that choice" (Mosser, 1.6). These immigrants are choosing the choice that would be best for their children who can have a better life in America. According to New York Times author Julia Preston there are about "11.7 million immigrants living in the United States illegally..."(Number of Illegal Immigrants, Para 1), with all these immigrants living in the United States illegally does the leader of our country have the right to send back...
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...difficult to understand. It has become popular in our times, mainly as a viable alternative to utilitarianism. Since utilitarian theory downplays the moral significance of such important elements as respect, human dignity, individual rights, and minority protection, an alternative moral theory might b needed. [Utilitarianism, and consequential theories in general, do not accord an intrinsic and incommensurable value to any element - in other words, nothing - not even human dignity or even human life - is to be valued as morally good or morally valuable in itself and isolated from comparison, or weighing, against other goods. In utilitarianism, in particular, the conversion of all things is to happiness or pleasure or utility or preferences; in this way, everything has a common denominator - and this makes it possible to have a ready-made formular for assessment of what one should do morally [act in such a way as to maximize the overall happiness or happiness of the greatest possible number]; the down-side is that nothing - not even life or rights or human dignity - is to be kept out of the utilitarian calculus. Although utilitarianism is handy when it comes to tough cases and moral dilemmas - it has ample scope and range of cases it can handle in its own way - it is rather counter-intuitive in its insistence that even what we generally hold as the most morally valuable things are just numbers in a calculus. Also, since the greatest number prevails, this theory is not sensitive to the...
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...2013 Human Rights- Zimbabwe Zimbabwe has had many different issues and concerns dealing with human rights of its citizens. This is demonstrated in state.gov’s human rights report. In this report, it talks much about how the government has taken away and diminished the rights of the people of Zimbabwe in many different ways. One of the major rights they have taken away is the right for the people to choose who runs the country and how it is run. President Robert Mugabe has used torture, abuse, harassment, and arrest to get people on his side and make it nearly impossible for people to actually choose what they want. He has also restricted rights such as freedom of speech. The government also shows violence and discrimination against women, minorities, people with disabilities, and homosexuals. It also has many problems with exploiting children for labor. Wikipedia states that Zimbabwe violates the rights to shelter, food, freedom of movement and residence, freedom of assembly, and the protection of the law. There are assaults of the media and anyone who opposes the government frequently is subject to brutal attacks. The global studies book says that, in general, freedom has been improving since 1990. Just because it has been improving, this does not mean that the conditions are good. The people who do receive their human rights are the ones who support Mugabe and the Zanu-Pf. If you do support them, no harm will be done to you and you are mostly free to do what you...
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...a business setting because you need to have the right tone and you need to be able to make a stand when it comes to something you believe in. having a positive way of speaking is also very important to a person because people start to notice them and want someone who is going to stand up when they need to. Having a voice is what can lead a team to success with motivation and powerful words. I also agree with you that setting examples are very important because you want people to understand that if you cannot do it they cannot do it either. With the right examples a team can be motivating and positive and customers for a business enjoy people who are uplifting and inspiring as well. Leading by examples comes into play in more than just businesses but in everyday life as well. Victoria Sheriff Ashley, I think that by teaching by example we are leading with great examples if we are providing the right way. When a person finds there voice and use that voice in the right way I think that it can bring about a lot of changes that are positive and influential to others. Having someone show others how to use their voice in the right way can start a change were inspiration and motivation become the way to teach others by example. Teaching by example is a great way to conduct businesses and everyday life if the person teaching is showing the right way to do things like giving respect and helping others. I think that people learn how to give respect when they are younger and that sometimes...
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...are: 1) Right Understanding 2) Right Thought 3) Right Speech 4) Right Action 5) Right Livelihood 6) Right Effort 7) Right Mindfulness 8) Right Concentration Good Habit # 1 – RIGHT UNDERSTANDING A bad beginning usually has a bad ending. The only good way to make a sensible start is to make a right start by trying to get RIGHT UNDERSTANDING. RIGHT UNDERSTANDING means correct understanding, the best understanding, understanding that is true, understanding that is not half-true or half-false, but is the very best and most complete understanding you can get. Let say you have a car and you have just filled the tank full with petrol. You have a road map and you know very well where you want to go. There is only one problem to keep you from starting your trip. You do not know how to drive; until you gain the proper understanding of how to drive, the car is useless to you. If you try to drive without knowing how, you place yourself in great danger. Unless you first get RIGHT UNDERSTANDING you cannot make right use of the other 7 good habits. For example, students who understand that it is to their own benefit to learn would work hard to learn more and do better. When you do well, everyone will be happy, including your parents and teachers. A highly distinguished student put into practice this good habit into everyday life. Good Habit # 2 – RIGHT THOUGHT RIGHT THOUGHT means...
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...word metaphysics means, ‘above or beyond physics.’ It investigates questions of reality and existence. But as the word implies, it’s not just simply the existence that we see or the things that we experience with our senses, but what’s beyond those. What’s beyond this real world that we see here? Why does it work the way that it works? Why is it here? How did it get here? Those are some metaphysical areas that we deal with here. We can break metaphysics into four sub-categories here. The first sub-category is cosmological metaphysics, and this deals specifically with the origin and purpose of reality. Why does anything exist at all? That’s often been called the first philosophical question. Why does anything exist? Where did reality come from? How did it develop the way that it was? What is its purpose—why is it here? Those are all cosmological questions. A second area of metaphysics is theological metaphysics, and this deals with the reality of something beyond the natural reality that we experience: the existence of some sort of supernatural. Here it deals with questions, Does God exist? Is there only one God? What is the nature of God—what is he like? How does he relate to reality? Now often times in philosophy courses you’ll study this under the area of philosophy of religion, but they are actually metaphysical questions because they are dealing with the ‘existence’ of...
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...does it mean to be an American citizen? Have you ever really thought about that question? Do you know the right answer? Is there even a correct answer to that question? I don’t think there is; I think being an American citizen has a different meaning to every one of the millions of people in the United States that call themselves American’s. To me being an American Citizen used to mean freedom; freedom to be a person, freedom to get an education, freedom to vote. Being an American citizen I am free to vote, to dress how I want, to get an education, to hold a job, even though I am a women. There are many countries around the world where those freedoms I have are illegal for women. There is more to being an American citizen than having freedom, although that is a huge perk. American citizen are supposed to be fighters, to stand up for what we believe in and to fight for our basic human rights. We are supposed to fight for the country, as well as ourselves. Can we still say how we feel when we disagree with how the government is being run? Are we allowed to protest in the street to get change? I will discuss the book (give me liberty), along with freedom and fighting, the foundation of America. Give me liberty: A handbook for American Revolutionaries by Naomi Wolf published by Simon & Schuster in New York. Naomi Wolf really delved deep into what it means to be an American citizen and how most American’s have become lazy and less carrying about things that used to matter to the...
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...Though laws often change, ethical principles remain constant and do not change over time. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | | | Feedback:Topic: Ethics AACSB: Ethics Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Medium LO: 04-01 Page: 108 In studying the relationship between ethics and law, it is important to understand that neither laws nor ethics are fixed principles that do not change over time. Ethical beliefs change as time passes. | | 2 INCORRECT | | Stakeholders have a claim on a company because when they buy its stock or shares they become its owners. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | | | Feedback:Topic: Ethics AACSB: Ethics Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy LO: 04-02 Page: 110 Stockholders have a claim on a company because when they buy its stock or shares they become its owners. | | 3 INCORRECT | | When applying the moral rights rule, managers should choose the course of action that best protects and upholds their personal rights. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | | | Feedback:Topic: Ethics AACSB: Ethics Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Medium LO: 04-03 Page: 119 Managers should choose the course of action that best protects and upholds the rights of all stakeholders. | | 4 INCORRECT | | Trust, the esteem or high repute that people or organizations gain when they behave ethically, is an important asset. | | | A) | True | | | B) | False | | | | |...
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...Nurture is people taught by the way they are teached. Mostly coming from their environment and things they observe. Also because of different situations they are in or put in. People’s behavior is shaped by interactions with the environment. In Lord Of Flies the boys realize they need to come together to survive on the island and also to find a way to be rescued. Ralph becomes the leader and decides he’ll be the one to keep the boys on the right track about being rescued. He just wants the boys to take the situation they are in serious. Ralph shows nurture because he still realizes just because they are no adults they must be rules and must be followed. He’s looking at it as what is they was adults around, him and the other boys would have to listen and he...
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