...Richard Hunt (2016), Herpes viruses are an important cause of human viral disease, very close to influenza and cold viruses. They can cause diseases or be silent for a long time only to be reactivated, just like Shingles. Herpes is a Latin word which in Greek means to creep according to Dr. Richard Hunt (2016). In the many herpes virus strains, there is a minimum of 25 viruses in this family viridae which only eight or more types are known to infect human often. As soon as a person is infected, the disease remains for life. The beginning stage of the infection might be followed by latency period with reactivation. This virus infects the majority of the human population living past middle age;" they have antibodies to most of the herpes viruses except HHV-8" according to Dr. Richard Hunt (2016). They are classified as Herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1), Herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella...
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...Genital Herpes: Say it With Conviction Disease is everywhere. Every day hospitals around the country are flooded with patients. The world is essentially one giant germ factory so it no surprise that so many people catch viruses from their friends or co-workers. In many cases, the situations are easily fixed and some aren’t. People take medication for a little while and then go on with their lives, while others take time to heal up while sick. Being sick is seen as an inconvenience but tolerated because it will pass. However, there is another kind of sickness and unlike the flu or a simple skin rash, some of these illnesses can last a lifetime. Genital Herpes has no known cure and yet according to the center of disease control, roughly 16.2% of Americans have the virus. That means that nearly 1 out of every 6 people that you run into each has already contracted Herpes. Luckily, there are ways you can protect yourself and others from becoming infected. The number of Genital Herpes cases in the United States could be greatly reduces, if only every person were force to take responsibility for public health. The virus that causes genital herpes is known as the Herpes Simplex Virus and it comes in two forms. The first form is the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), which generally affects the mouth and lips. This form can be spread to the genitals through oral contact with the genitals, or through any sexual encounter with an infected person. The second form is Herpes Simplex Virus...
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...teens and young adults. The correct use of latex condoms decreases the risk of transmitting a STD. The only guaranteed prevention against a STD is abstinence from any/all sexual activity. The incidence of STDs is almost non-existent in those involved in faithful marriages or in a mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes the month of April as STD Awareness Month. This annual observance is in place to raise awareness of STDs and to emphasize the importance of prevention, testing, and treating. There are three types of STDs: parasitic, bacterial, and viral. The most common STDs are Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, human papilloma virus, herpes, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS. While many STDs are treatable and curable, some are not and carry life-long, even life-threatening consequences. Chlamydia is the most common curable STD. It is caused by a bacterium that infects the urethra in men and women and the cervix in women. Chlamydia is transmitted during vaginal, oral, or anal sexual contact with an infected partner. It can also be transmitted from mother to child during delivery. Chlamydia is probably the most common STD because symptoms may not be present for weeks, months, or even years after exposure. The most frequent symptoms are pain during intercourse and discharge from the penis or vagina. If left untreated, Chlamydia can damage a woman’s reproductive organs and...
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...Case Study on Herpes Zoster Case Study on Herpes Zoster History of Present Illness: This is a case of a 27 year old Asian female who came to the clinic complaining of pain on her right hand. She states that it feels like “pins and needles going up to my arm” She denies fever but states that she feels body malaise. She claims to have slight loss of appetite because of the pain. Pain level is about 7-8/10, occurs continuously and is temporarily relieved by Tylenol 500 mg. She noted the appearance of tiny blisters on her hand and upper arm which started about a week ago. The pain according to the patient is described as throbbing and tingling sensation. Patient otherwise has no other complaints. Past Medical History: Patient denies prior hospitalizations, surgeries, accidents. Patient does not remember immunizations but she claims that she never had chickenpox Family History: Both parents are alive. Her father is hypertensive and has coronary arterial disease. Her mother is apparently healthy. She is the only child. Social History: She lives in an apartment with her parents. She works as an employee in the casino. She does not smoke and does not drink alcoholic beverages. Review of Systems: General: Well nourished female, not in acute respiratory distress HEENT: Denies headache. No blurring of vision, hearing not impaired, no sore throat Neck: No tenderness and lymphadenopathy Cardiovascular: No chest pains and palpitations Gastrointestinal: No change in bowel habits...
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...and oral sex. Most STIs initially do not cause symptoms.[1] This results in a greater risk of passing the disease on to others.[2][3] Symptoms and signs of disease may include vaginal discharge, penile discharge, ulcers on or around the genitals, and pelvic pain. STIs acquired before or during birth may result in poor outcomes for the baby. Some STIs may cause problems with the ability to get pregnant.[1] More than 30 different bacteria, viruses, and parasites can cause STIs.[1] Bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis among others. Viral STIs include genital herpes, HIV/AIDS, and genital warts among others. Parasitic STIs include trichomoniasis among others. While usually spread by sex, some STIs can also be spread by non-sexual contact with contaminated blood and tissues, breastfeeding, or during childbirth.[1] STI diagnostic tests are easily available in the developed world, but this is often not the case in the developing world.[1] The most effective way of preventing STIs is by not having sex.[4] Some vaccinations may also decrease the risk of certain infections including hepatitis B and some types of HPV.[4] Safer sex practices such as use of condoms, having a smaller number of sexual partners, and being in a relationship where each person only has sex with the other also decreases the risk.[1][4] Circumcision in males may be effective to prevent some infections.[1] Most STIs are treatable or curable.[1] Of the most common infections, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia...
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...and septicaemia (blood poisoning) Protozoal diseases such as toxoplasmosis, microsporidiosis, cryptosporidiosis, isopsoriasis and leishmaniasis Fungal diseases such as PCP, candidiasis, cryptococcosis and penicilliosis Viral diseases such as those caused by cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex and herpes zoster virus HIV-associated malignancies such as Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Different conditions typically occur at different stages of HIV infection. In early HIV disease people can develop tuberculosis, malaria, bacterial pneumonia, herpes zoster, staphylococcal skin infections and septicaemia. These are diseases that people with normal immune systems can also get, but with HIV they occur at a much higher rate. It also takes longer for a person with HIV to recover than it takes for someone with a healthy immune system. When the immune system is very weak due to advanced HIV disease or AIDS, opportunistic infections such as PCP, toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis develop. Some infections can spread to a number of different organs, which is known as 'disseminated' or 'systemic' disease. Many of the opportunistic infections that occur at this late stage can be fatal. 1 back to top Why is there still a need to prevent and treat opportunistic infections? Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) can reduce the amount of HIV in someone's body and restore their immune system. The introduction of HAART has dramatically reduced the incidence...
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...Chickenpox was discovered years, years ago. According to an article on chickenpox (2008), Giovanni Filippo (1510-1580) was the first to have the first description of varicella (chickenpox). Around this time, people would mistake a mild smallpox for chickenpox. Later, in 1767, a physician named William Heberden, also from England, was the first physician to clearly demonstrate that chickenpox was different from smallpox (Chickenpox, 2008). Chickenpox is just one of many disesases that are caused by virus's and like others, it has its characteristic transmission, symptoms, and treatments. According to the CDC (2011), chicken pox or Varicella is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus. This virus is also known as human herpes virus 3 (HHV-3),...
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...(facial nerve), na sumusuporta sa mga kalamnan ng mukha.Ang katawagang bell’s palsy ay hango sa Scottish anatomist na si Charles Bell. “Bell’s palsy is the most common acute mononeuropathy (disease involving only one nerve) and is the most common cause of acute facial nerve paralysis,” paliwanag nito. Ang kaso ng Bell’s Palsy ay umaabot ng 15-30 kada 100,000 tao kada taon.Ang karaniwang inaatake ay ang mga buntis at mga taong diabetic, ayon sa pagsusuri ng American Academy Neurology(AAN). Ang mga batang may taong 13 pababa ay mas mababa ang posibillidad ng pagatake nito. Itinuturong dahilan kaya nagkakaroon ng Bell’s Palsy ay ang pamamaga ng facial nerve dahil sa injury o infection Napagalaman din na ang virus na karaniwang umaatake ay ang Herpes sipmplex virus(HSV-1). Dahilan din ang disorder sa immune system. Hindi lamang ang pagka-paralysis ng facial muscles ang maaaring maranasan ng may Bell’s Palsy kundi maaa-ring makadama siya ng sakit sa likod ng taynga, kawalan ng panglasa sa pagkain at maaari rin na hindi makarinig. Iglap ang pagkaparalisa ng facial muscles kaya hindi mapigilan ang pagkurap, pagkisap at ang paggalaw ng eyelids. Mayroong hindi makontrol ang pagngiti at ang pagsara ng bibig. May mga taong nag-aakalang dahil ito sa exposure sa lamig, sobrang pag-iisip sa gabi at kung anu-ano pa. Ang sabi ni Dr. Emmanuel Eduardo, isang neurologist at Director ng International Institute for Neurosciences at St. Luke's Medical Center: “If you look at the literatures...
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...What is Sexually Transmitted Disease? What are the Common Sexually transmitted diseases? What are the Cause of Each Sexually Transmitted Diseases? What are the signs/symptoms and Diagnosis? What is the complications? What is the Effect of sexually transmitted disease? \ S exually transmitted infection is a broader term than sexually transmitted disease. An infection is a colonization by a parasitic species, which may not cause any adverse effects. In a disease, the infection leads to impaired or abnormal function. In either case, the condition may not exhibit signs or symptoms. Increased understanding of infections like HPV, which infects most sexually active individuals but cause disease in only a few has led to increased use of the term STI. Public health officials originally introduced the term sexually transmitted infection, which clinicians are increasingly using alongside the term sexually transmitted disease in order to distinguish it from the former. STD may refer only to infections that are causing diseases, or it may be used more loosely as a synonym for STI. Most of the time, people do not know that they are infected with an STI until they are tested or start showing symptoms of disease. Moreover, the term sexually transmissible disease is sometimes used since it is less restrictive in consideration of other factors or means of transmission. For instance, meningitis is transmissible by means of sexual contact but is not labeled as an STI...
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...the period of time preceding the eruption of an infant tooth. In actuality, teething begins prior to birth. Primary tooth formation is an ongoing process that begins in utero and proceeds through early childhood, when the root formation of the particular tooth is completed, which may be 2 to 3 years after its initial eruption from the gum.1 The pulp and dentin develop from the mesoderm while the enamel arises from the ectoderm approximately 28 days after conception. Primary (i.e., baby teeth) develop below the gumline during the first trimester, approximately during the sixth week of pregnancy; permanent teeth (i.e., adult teeth) develop at 3 or 4 months of age, which is when the primary teeth become calcified (i.e., covered with a hard enamel). A substantial amount of calcification occurs between 3 and 12 months of age. This process starts with the anterior teeth and should end, between 18 months and 3 years of age, with the posterior teeth. It is a symmetrical process that occurs on both sides of the mouth simultaneously. Calcification can be influenced by a variety of conditions, such as jaundice, infection, medications used during infancy, and maternal drug use during the prenatal period.2 The first tooth may erupt from the...
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...GRADING print contact faculty contact tech | Pathology - Module 1: Introduction to the course - Unit 1: Course Requirements - Item Number: 1 Lecture | Title: | EXAM SCHEDULE and GRADING | Fall 2013 EXAM SCHEDULE Dates | | Percent of Grade | August 25, 2014 | Course begins | | September 18, 2014 | Exam 1 | 25% | October 16, 2014 | Exam 2 | 25% | November 13, 2014 | Exam 3 | 25% | December 11, 2014 | Exam 4 | 25% | A final average grade of C+ or better (a numerical grade of 74 or higher) is required to pass this course. ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form My Courses --> HNC 310 --> CELL PATHOLOGY print contact faculty contact tech | Pathology - Module 2: Module Two - Unit Number: 1 Unit Title: CELL PATHOLOGY Unit Objectives After reading this chapter, viewing the PowerPoint presentation and the accompanying lecture notes, and completing the study activities, the student will be able to: 1. Describe the normal structure and function of the cell. 2. Discuss the adaptive structural and functional changes that occur in cells as a result of changes in homeostasis. 3. Explain the adaptive structural and functional changes associated with atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia. 4. Identify disease processes or pathologies that may result in cell atrophy, hypertrophy...
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...Infectious Diseases Conditions Plague Cause: Yersina pestis ------------------------------------------------- Treatment: Streptomycin (aminoglycoside) and Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone) ------------------------------------------------- CNS INFECTIONS Meningitis New born cause: Group B streptococcus, Gram-negative enterics, Listeria monocytogenes 2-24 months’ cause: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria Meningitidis, Haemophilus Influenzae 2-50 years causes: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis 50+ causes: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Gram-negative enterics Meningococcal Meningitis Cause: Neisseria meningitidis – gram-negative Treatment: * Penicillin/Ampicillin (beta-lactam) * (Chloramphenicol can be substituted in history of penicillin hypersensitivity) * Close contacts – Rifampicin 2 days * Vaccines for prophylaxis – not for serogroup B, sialic acid is identical to the human form Pneumococcal Meningitis Cause: Streptococcus pneumoniae – gram-positive Treatment: * Cefotaxime (3rd generation cephalosporin/beta lactam) – 10-14 days * (If resistance to Cefotaxime – Vancomycin (tricyclic glycopeptide) and Rifampicin) * Adjunctive treatment with Dexamethasone Haemophilus Influenzae Meningitis Cause: Haemophilus influenzae – gram-negative Treatment: * H. influenzae vaccine is available * Cefotaxime (3rd gen cephalosporin/beta lactam) * Adjunctive treatment...
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...Medical Use of Honey Bee Products Apitherapy is the use of honey bee products in treating illnesses and diseases. Apis means “bee” while “therapy” is a treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder. The different products derived from the beehive which can be used in apitherapy are: honey, pollen, propolis, venom, wax and royal jelly. Being from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, we all have been exposed to honey bees and their products in unique ways. Despite our differences, collectively, we share great interest in the application of honey, bee venom (BV) and propolis in contemporary medicinal practices. In the following paragraphs each member shares their personal exposure with bees and why they have an interest in the medicinal use of BV. Mai As a young boy, my father intentionally interfered with bees in order to get stung. Now, being an adult, he is immune to bee stings, showing no signs of inflammation after a bee sting. The first time I got stung by a bee I was 7 years old. It hurt so badly and one thing was sure: “I would not walk in my father’s footsteps, when it comes to the subject bee stings.” In university, a classmate mentioned that BV contains certain chemicals which are beneficial to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Although my first experience was unpleasant, I started to believe that bees can be useful. Good story: it reveals the sources of your curiosities and it draws out social issues. Morayo “They sting! Keep away!” this was my...
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...Nursing 3366 Pathologic Processes: Implications for Nursing (ONLINE BB COURSE) REQUIRED READING DOCUMENT #7 ~~~~~~~~ Disorders of the Genitourinary (GU) and Renal Systems Instructions: 1. Read this entire RRD (Required Reading Document) and other documents mentioned. 2. Work on Assignment #7 and submit by designated deadline. Note about objectives /outcomes and studying for this course: For ALL content in this course, the student will be able to DESCRIBE/DISCUSS/IDENTIFY correlations (links) between pathophysiology of the disease and its clinical manifestations. In other words, #1: how does the pathophysiology of a particular disease cause the signs and symptoms, and #2: if a patient presents the signs and symptoms of a disease, be able to use critical thinking to figure out the disease process that is most likely in that context. Objectives /outcomes for this subject: 1. the relationship between key aspects of normal genitourinary function and the pathophysiology involved in select genitourinary-related conditions, including: • female-specific disorders: endometriosis, ovarian cancer, PID, UTIs. • male-specific disorders: testicular cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer • nongender-specific problems: STIs, urologic obstructions 2. the relationship between key aspects of normal renal function and the pathophysiology involved in select renal conditions, including: • hydronephrosis. • glomerulonephritis • acute kidney injury (AKI;...
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...species ❑ Manufacture important hormones ❑ Pleasure Stages of Life ← Embryologically, males and females start out “sexually indifferent” ← Gonads, ducts and externally identical structures ← At 5 weeks gestation changes start to take place ← Puberty: reproductive organs grow to adult size and reproduction becomes possible ← Between 10 and 15 ← Influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones ← Testosterone in males ← Estrogen in females I. Male Reproductive System: Structure ← Scrotum ← Function: Protects the testes, epididymis, and spermatic cord ← Holds testes away from body ← Temperature: 1° below body temperature ← Lined with serous membrane that secrets fluid ← Testes move freely ← Penis ← Function ← Deliver sperms to female ← Urination ← Shaft ← Erectile tissues surround urethra ← Glans ← Cone-shaped structure on end of penis ← Prepuce (foreskin) ← Skin covering in uncircumcised males ← Epididymis ← Sits on top of each testis ← Receives spermatids from seminiferous tubules ← Spermatids become sperm cells ← Vas deferens ← Tube connected to epididymis ← Carries sperm cells to urethra ...
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