...ARTICLE IN PRESS International Journal of Intercultural Relations 28 (2004) 577–594 www.elsevier.com/locate/ijintrel Learning styles and their impact on cross-cultural training: An international comparison in France, Germany and Quebec Christoph I. Barmeyerà ´ IECS—Ecole de Management de Strasbourg/Universite R. Schuman, CESAG (Centre d 0 Etude des Sciences ´es ` ˆt Applique a la Gestion), 61, Ave de la Fore Noire, F 67085 Strasbourg, France Abstract Every person has his or her own individual way to learn and to solve problems in day-to-day situations. These personal cognitive strategies, acquired in a long socialization process are called ‘‘learning styles’’ and may differ depending on gender, age or culture. In this study, the learning styles of over 300 students in business administration in France, Germany and Quebec are examined with the Learning Style Inventory (LSI). Representative and signiï¬cant learning differences where found. This is why the LSI can be used in a ï¬rst step for the illustration and comparison of typical patterns of learning. In a second step the results may be of use to international trainers in making decisions about course design and methods of cross-cultural training in relation to the learning proï¬les of the participants. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Learning styles; LSI; Culture; Cross-cultural management; Socialization; Intercultural training; Cultural differences; Training methods ÃFax:+33 3 90...
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...Intercultural Ethics 1 Intercultural Ethics: A Constructivist Approach Richard Evanoff This article originally appeared in the Journal of Intercultural Communication 9:89-102 (2006), published by the Society for Intercultural Education, Training, and Research (SIETAR)–Japan. Copyright © 2011 Richard Evanoff. Abstract While a considerable amount of research in the field of intercultural communication has been devoted to empirical and theoretical studies on cultural differences, comparatively little work has been devoted to normative studies which consider how problems which arise because of cultural differences might be resolved (see, however, Evanoff 2004 for a bibliography of recent publications in this area). Normative research differs both from empirical research, which is basically concerned with describing existing patterns of beliefs, values, and behavior through the use of statistical data, interviews, case studies, and the like, and from theoretical studies, which attempt to make generalizations about cultural differences and how people respond to them by abstracting from such data. The methodology of ethics is neither empirical nor theoretical, but rather normative, which means that it basically concerns itself with a consideration of what beliefs, values, and forms of behavior might be plausibly adopted. Metaethics concerns itself with broader issues of how such decisions can be reasoned about, justified, and, indeed, debated across cultures. Intercultural...
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...Tourism; An Efficient Dynamic on Intercultural Dialogue Saulat Ali Department of Communication Studies, College of Applied Sciences Salalah. Ministry of Higher Education. PO BOX: 119 Salalah P.C: 211 Sultanate of Oman Tel: +968-98932578 Email: saulatali@gmail.com Abstract The last quarter of a century has witnessed rapid development of the intercultural field. These days, intercultural dialogue is not only a regional or national necessity but it is crucially global. Human being is social creature who needs dialogue; so wisdom of human is the wisdom of dialogue. Tourism industry is one of the accomplishments of cultural dialogue which not only is a kind of industry but also it is a science, art and knowledge. The primary objective of this research revolves around impact of cultural tourism on intercultural communication. Have our own cultures, discussed with other cultures; and among these discussions and interactions we can complete and revise our culture and exchange it with others. Cultural tourism paves the way for intercultural dialogue. Intercultural dialogue should be enhanced to improve intercultural acceptance. Tourism extends our knowledge and information in two ways: better understanding of ourselves and others. Keywords: Globalization; Intercultural Communication; Cultural Tourism; Cultural Dialogue; Oman 1. Introduction: For the past decade or so, events such as September 11 terrorist attacks, Bali bombings, London bomb attacks, shooting...
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...THE INTERCULTURAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE www.idrinstitute.org U.S.A: 6203 NE Rosebay Drive. Hillsboro, Oregon 97124 +1 503-268-1025 Italy: Via Francesco Arese 16, 20159 Milano +39 02 6680 0486 idri@idrinstitute.org INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE FOR GLOBAL LEADERSHIP1 Milton J. Bennett, Ph.D. 1 This reading is an edited compilation of two articles by Milton J. Bennett: “Developing Intercultural Competence for Global Managers” in Reineke, Rolf-Dieter (Editor) (June, 2001) Interkulturelles Managment. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, ISBN: 3409-11794-6 and “An Intercultural Mindset and Skillset for Global Leadership” from Conference Proceedings of Leadership Without Borders: Developing Global Leaders. Adelphi, MD: National leadership Institute and the Center for Creative Leadership, University of Maryland University College, 2001. Over the last twenty-five years, the field of intercultural relations has developed some sophisticated methods for developing intercultural competence. Gone are the days when the only approach to an assignment abroad was “sink or swim.” And fast disappearing are the organizations who still say “the way we do it here is the way we do it everywhere.” It is now possible to prepare global managers and leaders to learn how to learn in new cross-cultural situations, thus speeding up their adaptability and improving their productivity. For experienced hands, the new methods allow them to share their own experience more effectively with the next generation...
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...need to incorporate multicultural education systems.This act will go a long way in enhancing intercultural maturity and social justice in schools and the society as a whole ( King & Baxter, 2005). Concerns of diversity issues such as discrimination, rights for the minority, racism and ethnicity cannot be overemphasized (King & Baxter, 2005. This paper, therefore, undertakes this discussion and perhaps bring forward possible ways of filling research gaps as identified in module four. Research precipitates the need to discover new knowledge or perhaps advance existing knowledge (Tierney, 2007). Filling the research gaps identified in module four will not only lead to the discovery of new knowledge on culture and diversity in education but also will front ways of solving the prevailing problem. The prevalent problem is manifest in the negativity of difference to the education sector. The research gaps need to studied, as it is only when that we will know more about intercultural maturity in the education sector as module four project was not extensive. Most of the research gaps previously identified revolve around the aspects of cultural diversity. To solve these research problems, a survey needs to be done as this is the only way we will know. How individual variables influence the cultural diversity and how these variables can be adjusted to promote human relations and multicultural education. After a literature review and extensive research on...
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...What We Know About the Development of Intercultural Maturity Student’s Name Institution What We Know About the Development of Intercultural Maturity Cultural diversity is the opposite of monoculture. It only refers to diverse culture or quality of various (Banks, 1997). Cultural diversity also means respect between different cultures that exist. It sometimes implies the existence of a variety of cultures like what we have in the world today, whereby particular culture occupy a particular region in the world (Banks, 1998). Globalization has been said to have had adverse effects on diversity in the world today (Banks, 1997). Culture influences how society members share experiences, heir values, fears, worries and hopes, culture moulds the perception and understanding of a community about the world. Culture enhances equitability and justice in the society (Banks, 1997). My goal in this paper is to discuss cultural diversity and particularly what we know about the development of intercultural maturity (Banks, 1998). Students from diverse social class, regions, ethnic and racial groups always perform and achieve differently in the schools (Banks, 1997). This act leads us to the need for equality in the education system; this will in turn close of the diversity gap. Intercultural Maturity is developed by formulation and implementation of multicultural education policies that will abolish culturally based education systems. Culturally biased education systems...
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...the intercultural communication area of study? a. it originated with scholars looking for practical answers to help overseas workers. 2. Which approach to intercultural communication has the goal of initiating social change? b. critical 3. Which of the following approaches to intercultural communication views reality as external to humans? c. social science 4. Which methods are primarily used in the critical approach to intercultural communication? d. text and media analyses 5. the social science approach is also called the e. functionalist approach 6. researchers using a critical perspective attempt to explain f. how macro contexts such as political structures influence communication 7. one limitation of social science approach is g. the possibility that the methods used are not culturally sensitive 8. The goals for the social science approach are h. describe and predict human behavior 9. the study of how people use personal space is called i. proxemics 10. Which dialectic of intercultural communication addresses the fact that some of our cultural patterns are constant and some are shifting? j. static-dynamic dialect 11. The privilege-Disadvantage dialectic recognizes that k. some people are disadvantaged in some contexts and privileged in other contexts 12. Which of the following might explain why early intercultural researchers paid little attention to intercultural communication...
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...Unit 5 Intercultural Communication Overview. This unit focuses on the role of communication in the relationships of peoples and groups with different cultural, ethnic, religious or social backgrounds. It looks at both the cultural barriers to effective communication as well as to various ways those barriers can be overcome. This unit also addresses the concept of dialogue as the use of communication to achieve harmony, mutual understanding and respect among peoples and groups. Learning Outcomes: Students who complete Unit 5 will be able to: explain the role of ethnocentrism in intercultural communication discuss guidelines for effective intercultural and interreligious communication compare Arabic and English communication patterns demonstrate intercultural aspects of inter-religious communication Key Concepts for Unit 5 Definition and conceptualization of intercultural communication and overview of guidelines Overview of ethnocentrism and prejudice in communication Definition and conceptualization of dialogue as a model of communication ► Intercultural Communication Nations and people of the world are increasingly interconnected and mutually interdependent. Globally, most cities and countries are becoming more diverse internally, with citizens and residents of varying races, religions, ethnicities and national backgrounds. Meanwhile, greater the risk is associated with economic or political aloofness and social isolation. All of these social forces are fostering increasingly...
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...What We Know About the Development of Intercultural Maturity Student’s Name Institution What We Know About the Development of Intercultural Maturity Cultural diversity is the opposite of monoculture. It only refers to diverse culture or quality of various (Banks, 1997). Cultural diversity also means respect between different cultures that exist. It sometimes implies the existence of a variety of cultures like what we have in the world today, whereby particular culture occupy a particular region in the world (Banks, 1998). Globalization has been said to have had adverse effects on diversity in the world today (Banks, 1997). Culture influences how society members share experiences, heir values, fears, worries and hopes, culture moulds the perception and understanding of a community about the world. Culture enhances equitability and justice in the society (Banks, 1997). My goal in this paper is to discuss cultural diversity and particularly what we know about the development of intercultural maturity (Banks, 1998). Students from diverse social class, regions, ethnic and racial groups always perform and achieve differently in the schools (Banks, 1997). This act leads us to the need for equality in the education system; this will in turn close of the diversity gap. Intercultural Maturity is developed by formulation and implementation of multicultural education policies that will abolish culturally based education systems. Culturally biased education systems...
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...TIA084, Intercultural Communication Anonymous id: 41842 Intercultural communication. Cultural differences, power and ethics What are ethical norms and how do they differ from other norms? We can for an example talk about ethical norms in communication, than from reading Allwood, we would find that agent hood (give freedom), motivation (do not hurt) and rationality (give correct information) are the main universal ethical norms, or these are the basis of universal needs that we can create ethical norms from. Agent hood; when communicating with others we should give them the freedom to act according to their own will and intention by including this "brainwashing” and many kinds of propaganda are unethical. They are unethical whereas they remove the recipient´s possibilities to exercise his or her own critical judgement. Motivation; We should not hurt others, we should seek to give others joy instead of pain the golden rule would be “do unto others what you would have them do unto you”. Rationality, i.e., we should not lie or mislead. If we do that, the other person´s possibilities of obtaining the desired outcomes through the exercise of his/her rationality is radically diminished. Ethical norms differ from other norms whereas they involve the well being of others. The more serious the issue is for the well being of others, the more ethics is involved and usually the more universal the issues become. By other norms (not ethical norms, not involving the well being of others)...
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...Technology, Nandyal G.M. Sundaravalli Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi ABSTRACT: Cross-cultural communication has become ever more significant through the globalization of markets, affairs of nation-states and technologies. Consequently, the cultural quotient (CQ) is becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of the changing dynamics of work culture around the world. This paper makes a case for the need to pay attention to intercultural communication and discusses some specific approaches and strategies in the teaching of intercultural communication in the classroom. These approaches include addressing issues like learning to honour one’s own culture and sharing it with others while developing a capacity to be open to other cultures. Other strategies include progressing from an ethnocentric to an ethno-relative state of understanding and acceptance of cultural differences and increasing one’s ability to communicate with non-native speakers. Specifically, classroom practices and strategies suggested include intercultural explorations, use of texts, films, short stories and other multi-media resources, contrastive case studies of cultures, group encounters and role plays. Introduction Sir Francis Bacon said that if a man was gracious and courteous to strangers, it showed that he was a citizen of the world, and that his heart was no island cut off from other lands, but a continent that joined them. The present work force even in local contexts demands global skills...
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...private and the commerce facets. They are more outgoing persons opposed to the Germans in addition to their main objective, when they talk, is to be admired as well as publicly accepted. Germans are usually more straightforward in opposition to Americans, particularly when details are to be revealed, denigration is to be put into effect in addition to directives are to be specified. The literary standard in which Germans and Americans diverge broadly has to do with approaches toward indecision along with peril. Despite the language barriers, compensation, cultural differences, and accents, human resources from Mercedes Benz headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany most keep in those there luxury cars are a huge commodity in America. How does communication play a role in each culture? During this era of globalization, the global village in addition to the web, the characteristic of intercultural communication develops into significance. Citizens have the option to voyage across countries; undergraduates are extremely suggested to exceed a placement in an overseas nation furthermore superior businesses will endure with no introduction to their goods in overseas marketplace or integration through overseas corporations in order to launch an international business. Consequently, the familiarity of one foreign language is absolutely a vital handiness individuals ought to encompass. However, having the ability to alter a remark or...
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...when doing business with people from a range of different cultures. The field of intercultural communication deals with this extensive issue, both on a scientific and on an operational level which mainly is focused on guidelines for optimal behavior in intercultural circumstance, e.g. Roger Axtells’ “Do’s and Taboos Around the World” (1993). On the scientific level, from a functionalistic approach “culture is seen as determining communication” (Net>værk 2002: 129). In the process of communication, here culture has an external influence in determining people’s behavior. On the contrary, also on the scientific level, the interpretive approach sees culture as engaged symbol-systems, which exists in the interaction between people. The interpretive approach therefore sees these relations between people in interaction with culture as determining the communication. Finally, the critical approach which shares many of the interpretive approach’s assumptions also includes an historical context as well as power relations, which combined is an integral part of the communication (Martin 2007: 63). The functionalistic approach sees communication as a linear process of information going from sender to receiver. National culture, which is seen as a standardized size, is the foundation this process relies on. Differences in culture are considered as boundaries, which can be overcome with the right intercultural competencies (Net>værk 2002: 129). The functionalist Edward Hall categorized...
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...Puma’s Poor Intercultural Communication Karen Deal COMM 360 May 27, 2014 LaTrica Henegar, Ed.D, LPC, NCC Puma’s Poor Intercultural Communication In an age of new technology enabling one to work from anywhere in the world, important business decisions now effect citizens of more than one country. Business dealings with partners and customers from other countries entail communication with those from different cultural backgrounds. The following paragraphs provide an example of a corporation's failure to research a country's cultural pattern and how one seemingly innocent action comes close to ending a thriving business. Examination of the corporation’s near-fatal business decision provides a better understanding of the important role effective intercultural communication plays in today’s business. By clearly defining each country’s cultural patterns and taxonomies, one can begin to determine where communication fails, and how best to correct the problem. Suggestions for improvement of intercultural communication between the two countries are provided by applying communication theorists Kluckholm and Strodbeck’s Value Orientation theory to the example situation. Further examination of this corporation’s poor intercultural communication, clearly demonstrates the need for countries to be constantly aware of and respect each other’s beliefs, values, social practices, and socially shared expectations. Puma’s Near-Fatal Mistake Puma is a large supplier of sporting...
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...Group & Organization Management http://gom.sagepub.com/ Assessing Communication Competency for Intercultural Adaptation Brent D. Ruben Group & Organization Management 1976 1: 334 DOI: 10.1177/105960117600100308 The online version of this article can be found at: http://gom.sagepub.com/content/1/3/334 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Group & Organization Management can be found at: Email Alerts: http://gom.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://gom.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://gom.sagepub.com/content/1/3/334.refs.html >> Version of Record - Sep 1, 1976 What is This? Downloaded from gom.sagepub.com at University College London on July 15, 2014 Assessing Communication Competency for Intercultural Adaptation BRENT D. RUBEN of the recurrent problems associated with interpersonal, group, organizational, and intercultural training in communication is the assessment of outcomes. An approach is suggested for the evaluation of training and selection of programs utilizing behavioral assessment of One participants’ or communication competence. The method involves the systematic collection and analysis of behavioral observation data along one predetermined dimensions by one or more observers. Prelimiof pilot instruments indicates that the methodology provides a relatively...
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