...------------------------------------------------- Informal organization The informal organization is the interlocking social structure that governs how people work together in practice. It is the aggregate of, norms, personal and professional connections through which work gets done and relationships are built among people who share a common organizational affiliation or cluster of affiliations. It consists of a dynamic set of personal relationships, social networks, communities of common interest, and emotional sources of motivation. The informal organization evolves, and the complex social dynamics of its members. Tended effectively, the informal organization complements the more explicit structures, plans, and processes of the formal organization: it can accelerate and enhance responses to unanticipated events, foster innovation, enable people to solve problems that require collaboration across boundaries, and create footpaths showing where the formal organization may someday need to pave a way. Contents * 1 The informal organization and the formal organization * 2 Functions of informal organizations * 2.1 Perpetuate the cultural and social values * 2.2 Provide social status and satisfaction * 2.3 Promote communication among members * 2.4 Provide social control * 3 Disadvantages of informal groups * 3.1 Resistance to change * 3.2 Role conflict * 3.3 Rumor * 3.4 Conformity * 4 Benefits of the informal organization * 4.1 Blend with...
Words: 1996 - Pages: 8
...PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT COURSE CODE: LDP 601 COURSE TITLE: FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT LECTURER: DR. HARRIET J. KIDOMBO NAME: WAMBUGU SAMUEL MWANGI REG. NUMBER: L50/68096/2011 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 18TH FEBRUARY, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………….3 Managerial Roles …………………………………………………………………………….4 Importance of Management to an Organization …………………………………………..…7 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………8 REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………………………9 ROLES AND IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT AS A RESOURCE TO AN ORGANIZATION 1. INTRODUCTION Management is a necessary evil of any business. It provides the leadership and administration that will ensure that the organization runs the way that it should. According to the online business dictionary (2011), management is defined as the organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of defined objectives. It is the process of using organizational resources to achieve organizational objectives through planning, organizing and staffing, leading, and controlling. Management is an essential factor of production along with machines, materials, and money. As a discipline, management consists of the interlocking functions of formulating corporate policy and organizing, planning, controlling, and directing an organization's resources to achieve the policy's objectives. Management can also imply...
Words: 2801 - Pages: 12
...work: 4 2. Understand different approaches to management and leadership: 5 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations: 5 2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management: 5 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations: 6 3. Understand ways of using motivational theories in organizations 7 3.1 Discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organizations in period of change: 7 3.2 Compare the application of different motivational theories within the workplace: 8 3.3 Evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers: 9 4. Understand mechanism for developing effective teamwork in organizations 10 4.1 Explain the nature of groups and group behavior within organizations: 10 4.2 Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organizations: 10 4.3 evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a given organization: 11 References: 12 Introduction: Organization is the combination of people for allocating and using specific resources to produce goods and services. Organization can be different types. Producing goods and service may not always the main factor. To identify and understand organization, one must go through the organizational behavior. It is a must to operate and even working within an organization. 1. Understand the relationship between organizational...
Words: 3641 - Pages: 15
...| Organizations and Behavior | A Theoretical Perspective | Muhammad Ariful Islam 01-Aug-12 | Contents Introduction 3 1. Understanding of Different Approaches to Management and Leadership 3 1.1 Comparison of Effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations 3 1.1.1 Autocratic Leadership Style 3 1.1.2 Democratic or Participative Leadership Style 4 1.1.3 Free Rein Leadership Style 4 Table: 1 5 1. 2 The Best Suited Leadership Style in this Scenario 5 1. 3. How Organisational Theory Supports the Practice of Management 5 1.3.1 Classical Theory 5 1.3.2 Neoclassical Theory 6 1.3.3 Contemporary Theory 6 1.4. An Evaluation of Different Approaches to Management Used by Different Organizations 6 1.5. Organisations that Adopt Different Approaches of Management 8 2. Understanding of the Ways of Using Motivational Theories in Organisations 8 2.1 The Impact of Different Leadership Style on Motivation in the Periods of Organizational Change 8 2.2 An Effective Leadership Style Can Help to Achieve Organisational Objectives 8 2.3 Comparison of the Application of Different Motivational Theories within the Workplace 9 2.4 ‘Motivation can Increase Employee’s Performance’- A Justification with Argument 9 2.5 The Usefulness of a Motivation Theory for Managers 9 3. Understanding of the Mechanisms for Developing Effective Teamwork in Organisations 10 3.1 The Nature of Groups and Group Behaviour Within Organisations 10 ...
Words: 3727 - Pages: 15
...roles, functions and activities of different management levels including their interface with organisational behaviour. (p5) 1.2 Concepts of organisation and behaviour and the characteristics of organisational culture (p7) 2.1 Individual contribution and assessing alternative approaches to personality and its measurement. (p9) 2.2 Process of perception and any distortions that may arise. (p10) 2.3 The concept of attitudes and the problems of attitude change including solutions like the learning process and its key theories. (p11) Part 2: 3.1 Comparing and contrasting need theories, behavioural models and process approaches. (p12) 3.2 Problems of motivation and the implications for management of the different theories. (p12) 3.3 The main approaches and recent developments in improving job design.(p15) 4.1 The concepts of morale and job satisfaction and their relationship to performance. (p16) 4.2 The sources of and reactions to frustration and alienation at work. (p17) 4.3 Analysing stress, appreciate its links to personality and recognise how best to handle stressful situations. (p18) Part 3: 5.1 Distinguishing formal and informal groups and their effects on behaviour. (p20) 5.2 Key characteristics and functions of effective workgroups and the process of group development.(p21) 5.3 Roles or skills associated with effective teams and explore the nature of team spirit.(p23) 6.1 Distinguishing leadership from management and the exercise of power as distinct from...
Words: 6622 - Pages: 27
...An organization utilizes a number of resources in order to obtain efficiency and to reach set objectives and goals. Internal and external factors affect the four functions of management and if approached successfully can lead to productivity and accomplishment of organizational goals. An internal factor that influences the four functions of management is diversity. Diversity or demographics represents age, ethnicity, race, gender, education, skill sets, and more (Bateman & Snell, p. 53, 2011). Laws and restrictions are set in place to ensure organizations incorporate a diverse workforce to avoid discrimination and to allow for a varied group of employees who add individual skills and knowledge to business objectives. An organization can be successful if they adapt to diversity and utilize a diverse workforce in order to obtain set objectives and goals. Diversity as an internal factor can affect the four functions of management. The four functions of management include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Employing a diverse group of employees can be utilized in the first function of management. Planning is used by management to identify resources and make decisions about how groups or units within an organization will carry out job functions to reach organizational goals (Bateman & Snell, 2011). Resources include employees and each employee will have different educational and skill sets. Utilizing the internal factor of diversity, management can organize...
Words: 755 - Pages: 4
...theories and methods from other disciplines, identify these disciplines and discuss how they cotribute to organisational behaviour… LECTURER: Maneka Moyo DATE OF SUBMISSION: 15th februar 2014 Introduction; An organization is a collection of people who work together to achieve a wide variety of goals, both goals of the organization and goals of the various individuals in the organization. Organizations exist to provide services and goods that people want. These goods and services are the products of the behaviors of workers. Organizational behavior usually known as ‘OB’ is the study of the many factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations and how organizations manage their environments. Organization is somewhat defined as “Organisations comprise two or more people engaged in a systematic and coordinated effort, persistently over a period of time, in pursuit of goals which convert resources into goods and/or services which are needed by consumers” such definition implies the organization exists with the presence of people consists of diverse cultures, character, perception, intelligence and abilities this necessitate a manager to understand behavioral trends of various people in organization So to achieve the organizational goals it stimulate specific goals, objectives and achieve within an optimal performance of workers, Manager’s knowledge of OB may find it useful to explore ways of stimulating fruitful behaviors...
Words: 1820 - Pages: 8
...organizational behavior 0rganisational behavior is defined as a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structures have on behavior within the organization. Put differently organizational behavior is the study of human behavior in an organizational setting. It is the study of how individuals and groups behave within the organization as well as how members of the organization interact with the external environment. Gibson defines organizational behavior as a field of study that draws on theory, methods, and principles from various disciplines to learn about individuals perceptions, values , learning capacities, and actions while working in groups and within the organization and to analyze the external environment’s effect on the organization and its human resource, missions, objectives, and strategies. Organizational behavior is a still-emerging discipline which seeks to enable managers to understand people better to enhance them improves their management practices to increase productivity, customer satisfaction, and better competitive position. Due to the changing trends in the global or external environment, organizational structure, incentive systems, leadership styles, and organizational processes that worked in the past might not work well in today’s vibrant environment. Emphases have changed from autocratic to democratic. Organizations have been forced to redesign their processes and procedures. The basic framework for the field of organizational behavior...
Words: 1861 - Pages: 8
...Leadership vs. Management Laura Rouse-DeVore The relationship between Leadership and Management is, perhaps, one of the most impactful and significant relationships that exists in organizations currently. The intersection and overlap of management and leadership, in addition to the polarity between the two are ideas that have been studied for many years. One certainty is that management and leadership go hand-in-hand. (What is the difference between Management and Leadership?, n.d.) (Cox and Miner, 2013) What is Management? Defining management as a term is an essential step to establishing how management and leadership relate to each other. Management involves the direction of a group of employees or individual towards the achievement of certain outcomes and specified performance indicators. Management is centered around results and the structures, processes, and principles employed for that group to meet those goals and achieve the desired results. Management utilizes formal hierarchial structure and positions of authority to establish power in the group. (Leadership vs. Management, n.d.) The Composition of Leadership Although the terms, “management” and “leadership”...
Words: 934 - Pages: 4
...Journal of Psychological Studies Vol. 2, No. 2; December 2010 Organizational Climate and its Effects on Organizational Variables: An Empirical Study Jianwei Zhang (Corresponding author) School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China E-mail: jianweizhang@263.net Yuxin Liu Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China Abstract This study investigated the characteristics of organizational climate and its effects on organizational variables. Investigation of 419 participants including both managers and employees indicated as follows: educational level, position and length of time working for the current organization had significant main effects on organizational climate; specialty, enterprise character and enterprise size also had significant main effects on organizational climate; organizational climate had significant main effects on human resources management effectiveness such as turnover intention, job satisfaction and work efficacy; organizational climate also had significant main effects on organization effectiveness like staff members’ organization commitment and collective identity. Keywords: Organizational climate, Human resources management effectiveness, Organization effectiveness 1. Introduction Research on organizational climate can be traced back to the 1930s. With the human relations movement pioneered by Hawthorne, researchers turned their attention from the “hard”...
Words: 7398 - Pages: 30
...Global Infrastructure Group Carl Grieser PJM 500 – Project Management Colorado State University – Global Campus Dr. Chiji Ohayia February 28th, 2016 Proposal and Analysis of the Global Infrastructure Group Introduction The Global Infrastructure Group, a subsidiary of the Global Financial Corporation, is an international conglomerate specializing in developing technologies and solutions for the Global Financial Corporation. This proposal for the Global Infrastructure Group will advise on what requirements the organization can best implement for a comprehensive project management system that can be used in a global organization that has small-, medium-, and large-scale projects. This proposal will address the following: The principal components of a project management system for a large-scale organization. These components will include: •Project Selection •Prioritizing Projects •Project Organization •Program Management •Planning and Scheduling •Estimating Cost •Monitoring and Controlling •Communication, Metrics, and Project Updates •Risk Management •Role of Information Technology Recommendations will include how Global Infrastructure Group can use project management principles to meet their goal of improving efficiency and empowering management to make better and informed decisions through the use of processes, tools, and standards in completing projects. Additionally, this proposal will discuss how an effective project management system contributes to...
Words: 4122 - Pages: 17
...individual and group behavior and patterns of structure in order to help improve organizational performance and effectiveness. Cole (1998) states that organizational behavior is a term applied to the systematic study of the behavior of individuals within work groups, including an analysis of the nature of groups, the development of structures between and within groups and the process of implementing change. The definitions indicate that the principal issues addressed by organizational behavior are: - • Individual behavior and performance at work; • The nature and working of people in groups; • The nature of social structures and organization design at work; • The processes involved in adapting behavior to meet changing conditions. There is close relationship between organizational behavior and management theory and practice. Some writers suggest that organizational behavior and management are synonymous, but this is something of an over-simplification because there are many broader facts to management. Key Words: organizational behavior, external environment, individual behavior, sociological approach, organizational culture. Journal of Comprehensive Research, Volume 8, Page 14 Organisational Behavior INTRODUCTION The variable outlined above provides parameters within which a number of interrelated dimensions can be identified – the individual, the group, the organization and the environment – which collectively influence behavior in work organizations. Organizations...
Words: 2031 - Pages: 9
...Group is defined as two or more individuals who are interacting with each other, interdependent on each other and work together to achieve certain specific objectives (Robbins, Millett, Cacioppe & Water-Marsh, 2001). Groups are formed to address social and security needs, achieve specific goals, to pursue common interests and goals and based on various other attributes (Robbins et. al., 2001) . Within organizations, generally there are two main types of groups that are formed; formal groups and informal groups. Formal groups are formed by the systematic and deliberate grouping of people in an organization based on the organizational needs in order to achieve certain set organizational goals, whereas informal groups are formed spontaneously and naturally by employees of an organization when they work or interact with each other over a period of time (Australian National University, 2006). This essay list the functions of these groups, formal and informal, in an organization set-up along with the advantages and disadvantages of each for an organization. In the last part, it mentions how the understanding of the group behaviour can be used by the managers to perform effective management. During the course of the essay, different theories and concepts are used to justify the points and opinions made. These theories and concepts include division of labour theory, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, social identity theory, balance theory and groupthink theory. Formal groups are the...
Words: 2393 - Pages: 10
...PEARSON BETEC – LEVEL-5 HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS – MANAGEMENT/ HUMAN RESOURCE MANGMENT (organisations and behavior) On (Unit 03 & organization and behavior) by ISMATH SAMANUL FARIS Human Resource Management Institute 23, Vijaya Kumararathunga Mawatha ( polhengoda Rd) ,Colombo 5 Sri Lanka SUBMITTED ON 24.01.2016 LO1 Understand the relationship between organizational structure and culture. Introduction What is an organization? A social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need to pursue collective goals. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and assigns roles, responsibilities...
Words: 8406 - Pages: 34
...PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Table of Contents Ch# Title Page 1 Historical overview of Management ……………………………………………………… 1 2 Management and Managers ………………………………………………………………. 5 3 Managerial Roles in Organizations ……………………………………………………….. 7 4 Managerial Functions i.e. POLCA ………………………………………………………... 9 5 Managerial Levels and Skills ……………………………………………………………… 11 6 Management Ideas: Yesterday and Today ………………………………………………... 14 7 Classical View of Management (Scientific and Bureaucratic)……………………………… 16 8 Administrative View of Management ……………………………………………………. 19 9 Behavioral Theories of Management 20 10 Quantitative, Contemporary and Emerging Views of Management 23 11 System’s View of Management and Organization 25 12 Analyzing Organizational Environment and Understanding Organizational Culture …….. 29 13 21st Century Management Trends………………………………………………………… 32 14 Understanding Global Environment: WTO and SAARC ………………………………… 36 15 Decision Making and Decision Taking …………………………………………………… 39 16 Rational Decision Making ………………………………………………………………... 41 17 Nature and Types of Managerial Decisions ……………………………………………… 43 18 Non Rational Decision Making ………………………………………………………….. 45 19 Group Decision Making and Creativity ………………………………………………….. 47 20 Planning and Decision Aids-I …………………………………………………………… 50 21 Planning and Decision Aids-II …………………………………………………………… 53 22 Planning: Functions & Benefits ………………………………………………………….. 56 23 Planning Process and Goals Levels ………………………………………………………...
Words: 51623 - Pages: 207
