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I Am a Horse

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Submitted By aejlerskov
Words 624
Pages 3
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Jorden og livets historie
Gruppe 2

Stort set altid har forskere verden over, forsket i hvordan vi opstod. Hvordan opstod vores enorme univers, hvordan opstod vores solsystem, og hvordan opstod vores lille blå planet?

Begyndelsen
For 4550 millioner år siden opstod vores solsystem.
FAKTA
3500 mio.
Mikroskopiske encellede bakterier, der kan vokse og dele sig selv, dukker op og breder sig overalt på Jorden hvor der er næring.
425 mio.
Livet trækker op på land, måske hjulpet af tidevandet.
200 mio.
Første pattedyr.
21 mio.
Aber og menneskeaber udvikler sig i separate retninger.
3.7 mio.
Abemennesket begynder at gå oprejst.
600.000
Homo Sapiens, det tænkende menneske, dukker op.
Stjernerne var dengang primært bestående af grundstofferne helium og brint. Ind i mellem eksploderede disse stjerner i enorme supernova- eksplosioner, og dette var begyndelsen på dannelsen af vort solsystem. Denne supernova-ekspoliton sætter et gigantisk sammenbrud i gang, hvor gas og støv falder sammen, og skaber en gigantisk roterende plade af gas og støv. En såkaldt protoplanetarisk plade.
I det ydre solsystem dannes gasplaneterne Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus og Neptun. I det indre dannes bl.a. vores blå planet; Jorden, der dengang på ingen måde var blå.

Jordens første år
Jorden opstod for ca 4,6 milliarder år siden.
I de første 600 millioner år var jorden bestående af enorm vulkansk aktivitet. Jordens atmosfære var endnu ikke dannet, og konstant blev planeten bombarderet af meteorer, hvilket tilsammen gjorde, at overfladen mere eller mindre var smeltet. Først senere, da frigivne vulkanske gasser førte til dannelsen af vores nukendte atmosfære, tog meteorbombningen af. Jorden begyndte at nedkøles, og

vanddampene i atmosfæren blev fortættet til vand, og lagde sig som et tykt tæppe rundt om hele planeten. Hele planeten var nu dækket af vand, og den første forudsætning for liv var opstået.

»Vi ved, at der har været vand på Jorden i 4,4 mia. år, og mit gæt er, at livet opstod, så snart der var vand på Jorden. Hvorfor skulle det vente, hvis vilkårene var optimale?« siger Minik Rosing, der har været med til at tidsbestemme jordens alder.

Her ses det hvor mange lag jorden har og hvor gamle de er.
Geologisk tid
En af de ting som geologerne bruger til at bestemme jordens alder, er jordens jordlag.

Det første lag blevet lavet for 4.6 milliarder år siden. Derefter er der lavet en hel del flere. Disse ses på billedet til højre.
Den danske geolog Niels Stensen er en af dem, der har foretaget observationer i aflejringer i jorden.
Han gik ud fra, at hvis en aflejring lå oven på en anden, måtte den øverste være den, der var yngst, med mindre der var sket forstyrrelser af lagene. Stensen bestemte ikke alderen, men afgjorde hvad der var ældst, og hvad der var yngst.
Da der også var dyr i disse aflejringer, kunne man ved hjælp af disse observationer, fastslå cirka hvornår forskellige dyr er fremkommet.

Jordens første liv
Det første liv på jorden var de såkaldte prokaryoter eller encellede organismer. Det menes at de opstod for omkring 3,8 milliarder år siden.
Encellede organismer er en celle uden en egentlig cellekerne. En cellede organismer forekommer i form af bakterier, så det første liv på jorden var altså en bakterie.
Prokaryot

Størrelsen af prokaryoter er typisk 0,5 - 2 µm(mikrometer) og cellemembranen er meget tynd.
Arvemassen er organiseret i et ringformet DNA-stykke.
Det modsatte af en prokaryot er en eukaryot.
Eukaryoter er, i forhold til prokaryoter, organismer med celler, der indeholder en cellekerne.

Siden denne encellede organisme forekom for første gang, har udviklingen gået stærkt. Bakterier udviklede sig, og endte til sidst ud med forekomme i tusindvis af forskellige dyrearter verden over.

Hvordan mennesker og dyr vil udvikle sig, vil tiden vise.

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