...smoking. The prevalence of smoker in the age group between 18 years to 25 years is very high is Bangladesh. Most of them are the college & university going students associated with the people those are illiterate & lived below the poverty line. These people take smoking is a process of recreation. So it is the high time to think about the bad affects of smoking in general for both smokers & non-smokers. Objectives 1. To find out the morbidity of a smoker beside non-smoker. 2. Find out the health status of smoker beside non-smoker. 3. Economical, social, psychological imbalance between the smoker & non-smoker. 4. Find out the risk of addiction about various narcotic drugs. METHODOLOGY: Study design: case control study Study population: Young adults ( 18 years to 25 years ) Study period: Study place: Dhaka City Sample size: Total 500 Smoker-250 Non-smoker-250 Sample collection...
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...CRITIQUING A RESEARCH PAPER Student's Name: Elements of the Critique: 1. TITLE: 3. ABSTRACT 4. INTRODUCTION & REVIEW of LITERATURE: 5. MATERIALS & METHODS 6. RESULTS 7. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION, 8. REFERENCES 9. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS & IMPLICA TIONS 2. AUTHOR(s) Instructions: For each of the 39 items below respond using one of the following three options: - S for “Satisfactory” - Detailed comments concerning elements critiqued. A simple "No" is not sufficient. You must explain why the element is open to criticism. - ITJ for "Incompetent To Judge" and indicate the person in your own setting form whom you would obtain a valid opinion. The number of points assigned to each element is proportional to the number of elements that can be critiqued in each section (see decimal points in parentheses next to each item number). If you need more space to answer, please use the back of the page. Reference: Bordage G. Considerations on Preparing a Paper for Publication. Teaching and Learning in Medicine. 1989. 1(1):47-52. I. TITLE 1. (.33) The title correctly represents the content and breath of the study reported: the title is not misleading. 2. (.33) The title is clear, concise and gives importance to the study; the title captures the attention of the reader. If not suggest a title. II. AUTHOR(S) _ 3. (.33) The titles (diploma. appointment) and address of the author(s) are clearly indicated: the author(s) credentials can be appreciated. III. ABSTRACT 4. (.33) The abstract...
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...Review of article: “Statin Use and Risk of Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture: A Hospital-based Case-control Study in Japan,” Y. Yoshimura, Y. Murakami, et al. Design and Data Collection The presented study is a case-control study design, meaning it is based on measuring the associations between statin administration and the likely rupture of a cerebral aneurysm in purposefully selected indicator and control populations. The foundation of the study grew from theoretical components tied to animal models used in the past. The underlying conditions of interest are important but not commonly seen in humans, making it difficult to know the best medical measurements and, if possible, prescriptive interventions for unruptured neurological disorders, which generally now can be dealt with by way of surgical interventions. The written assessment of the study indicated limited evidence of human studies showing the effect of statin drugs in reducing the risk of aneurysmal ruptures. The study model used in this investigation (case-control) is readily suitable to study uncommon diseases with low overall prevalence rates. However, given the impact such a condition could have on a population segment thought to have many years of productivity – and because of promising animal studies – the study was deemed beneficial as an initial step toward learning more about the drug’s beneficial indicators. The primary endpoint of focus was the likelihood of the rupture of an aneurism and the protective effect...
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...(LoBiondo-Wood et al, 2002). The question was framed around the elements of PICO; standing for “patients,” “intervention,” “comparison,” and “outcome” (Boston University Medline Plus, 2000a; Craig & Smyth, 2002). The PICO approach was developed around Evidence-Based Medicine (Richardson & Wilson, 1997), and was therefore designed for clinical studies, it can though be adapted to any research context. | | |People, patients or population - who are you asking the question about? | |Intervention - what intervention are you interested in? | |Control or comparison - what are you comparing the intervention to? | |Outcome - what outcome are you interested in measuring? | Table 1: PICO criterion People or population of personal interest means the intended study subjects, for example, Post qualifying nursing students studying Anaesthetic Practice. Intervention generally means the aspect of the people or population that is the main...
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...Role of Age in Technology Adoption Decisions in Organizations Aashish Jagini University of Missouri Technology has become a vital and integral part of every organization. From multi-national corporations who maintain mainframe systems and databases to small businesses that own a single computer, technology plays a role. Technology has become indispensable because it has made its way into all the areas of an organization. Adoption of technology in an organization may influence performance and growth through improvement in productivity, competitiveness, efficiency, and effectiveness. Technology helps an organization to re-engineer work practices, improve speed, maintain consistency and accuracy and increase reliability. In the past two decades, research has focused on the notion of technology adoption. Studies have examined various aspects of technology adoption at an individual and organizational level and in this paper will analyze if age can be a differentiating factor in adoption of technology in the workplace. Research examining age differences in technology adoption decisions A research study was conducted by Micheal G.Morris and Viswanath Venkatesh in the year 2000 to investigate age differences in individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace using the theory of planned behavior. The theory of planned behavior is a theory which links beliefs and behavior. The study was done over a period of 5 months among 118 workers. User reactions...
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...However, the organization and delivery vary across geographic regions in ways that may influence its effectiveness (Domingo et al., 2015). In this article critique paper, I choose two relevant peer-reviewed articles using case-control study design to explore the effect of mammography screening on breast cancer survival. The first one is Mammography Screening and Risk of Breast Cancer Death: A Population-Based Case–Control Study (Suzie et al., 2011). STUDY AIMS The authors conducted a case–control study to assess the effectiveness of the Dutch population–based program of mammography screening. The hypothesis of this study was that mammography screening was associated with a decreased risk of dying from breast cancer. METHODS A. What was the main outcome of interest? The main outcome was the breast cancer. Data on breast cancer were obtained from the Comprehensive Cancer Center Rotterdam. Causes of death were obtained through linkage with Statistics Netherlands. B. What was the main explanatory variable of interest? Mammography screening was the main explanatory variable of interest. It was measured by the National Supervisory Committee of Population Cancer Screening Registry system. C. What type of study design was this? This was a case–control study. The study design was appropriate because, in order to evaluate the efficiency of mammography screening individually,...
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...Getting Started: The Anatomy and Physiology of Clinical Research Stephen B. Hulley, Thomas B. Newman, and Steven R. Cummings This chapter introduces clinical research from two viewpoints, setting up themes that run together through the book. One theme is the anatomy of research-what it's made of. This includes the tangible elements of the study plan: the research question, design, subjects, measurements, sample size calculation, and so forth. An investigator's goal is to create these elements in a form that will make the project fast, inexpensive, and easy. The other theme is the physiology of research-how it works. Studies are useful to the extent that they yield valid inferences, first about what happened in the study sample and then about generalizing these events to people outside. the study. The goal is to minimize the errors, random and systematic, that threaten conclusions based on these inferences. Separating these two themes is artificial in the same way that the anatomy of the human body does not make much sense without some understanding of its physiology. But the separation has the same advantage: It clarifies our thinking about a complex topic. . THE ANATOMY OF RESEARCH: WHAT IT'S MADE OF The structure of a research project is set out in its protocol, the written plan of the study. Protocols are well kn~wn as devices for seeking grant funds, but they also have a vital scientific function: helping the investigator to organize her research in a logical, focused...
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...Single Quantitative Study (e.g., Randomized Controlled Trial, Nonrandomized Controlled Trial, Case-Control Study, Cohort Study) Template | Citation (APA) | (Uchiyama, Kurosawa, & Inaba, 2006) | Title | MMR Vaccine & Regression in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Negative Results Presented from Japan | Database Source (& ID number) | PubMed (PMID: 16865547) | Type of Evidence | Non-experimental cohort study/casual comparative research | Hierarchical Evidence Rating Level | Level 4 | Your Summary of the Study/Publication (use paraphrasing, not quotes) | What was the stated research question/objective of the study? | To evaluate the correlation between the MMR Vaccine and Autism Spectrum Disorders | What research methodology was used (e.g., RCT, Case-Control, Cohort)? | Cohort StudyCasual Comparative Research | Describe the sample (including size)? | 904 patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders | How was the sample selected (e.g., randomization, inclusion/exclusion criteria)? | Inclusion Criteria: Young children born between 1976-1999 from the Yokohama Psycho-Developmental Clinic (YPDC) Regression reported from questionnaireExclusion Criteria: Young children who received the MMR Vaccine in foreign countries, reports denying regression in questionnaire, and subjects parents who provided no response or information on the questionnaire regarding regression. | What methods were used for data analysis? | The study analyzed data from clients of the Yokohama...
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...Assignment cover sheet Note: (1) The attention of students is drawn to: the Academic Regulations, the Academic Honesty Policy and the Assessment Policy, all of which are accessible viahttp://students.acu.edu.au/309246 (2) A de-identified copy of your assignment may be retained for University quality (audit) processes, benchmarking or moderation. |Student ID Number/s: |Student Surname/s: |Given name/s: | |S00158530 |Patel |Purvi | | | | | |Course:Bachelor of nursing |School:Australian catholic University | |Unit code:HLSC122 |Unit title:Inquiry in Healthcare | |Due date:30/03/2014 |Date submitted:30/03/2014 | |Lecturer-in-Charge: Joe Perry |Tutorial Group/Tutor: T, 06 | |Assignment Title and/or number: Assignment 1 ...
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...qualifies as an observational study because it was a case-control study in which people with the ownership of weapons were closely observed and a proxy for their victim was interviewed. Step 2: Consider the Seven Critical Components in Chapter 2 (pp. 18-19) to familiarize yourself with the details of the research. As in Case Study 6.5 based on the original report, the seven questions can all be answered. The research was supported by a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The source information was from the Departments of Internal Medicine (A.L.K., J.G.B., B.B.H.), Preventive Medicine (A.L.K.), Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.L.K., G.S.), and Pathology (J.T.F), University of Tennessee, Memphis; the Departments of Pediatrics (F.P.R.), Epidemiology (F.P.R.), and Pathology (D.T.R), University of Washington, Seattle; Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle (F.P.R., J.P.); and the Departments of Biology (N.B.R., A.B.L.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.B.R.) and the Center for Adolescent Health (N.B.R.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. The participants were proxies for their victims as well as control subjects who were matched to the victims. They were selected from three metropolitan counties. After each homicide, they obtained data from the police or medical examiner and interviewed a proxy for the victim. “The proxies' answers were compared with those of control subjects who were matched to the victims according to...
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...Methods: Participants included 45 participants with JIA (M = 12.64 years post diagnosis), 46 peers, and their parents. Results: Young adults in both groups were similar on a variety of outcomes, including social self-concept, social competence, family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships. In general, disease factors were not associated with adjustment. Clinical Implications: Interventions to assist social functioning may not be necessary for all children with JIA, but additional research is needed to identify potential subgroups at risk for difficulties. Khani, M., Ziaee, V., Moradinejad, M., & Parvaneh, N. (2013). The effect of positive family history of autoimmunity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis characteristics: A case control study. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 23(5), 569-573. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=2012347719&site=ehost-live&scope=site Abstract: To compare Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) patients with and without family history of autoimmune disease with respect to clinical features and laboratory data. Design: Quantitative. Methods: Sixteen JIA patients with family history of autoimmune disease were identified during study, 32 patients were chosen for comparative group from referred patients to the rheumatology clinic...
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...different theories, the Control Theory, the Social Disorganization Theory and the Strain Theory. The Control Theory “suggests that there are inner and outer controls which impact an individual’s decision to commit crimes. If these controls are not present, then a person will be more likely to commit crimes. This theory focus on why people do not commit crimes.” The Social Disorganization Theory “examines the environment in which people grow up. The further away from the inner city business districts and slums areas, the less likely people are to commit crimes. It is the degree of social disorganization that exists in the inner-lying communities that increase the likelihood of criminal behavior.” The Strain Theory “explores the frustration that occurs when society deems...
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...Outline and evaluate the Working Memory Model. The Working Memory Model (WMM) is a model of the STM. The WMM was proposed by Baddeley and Hitch when they carried out a Dual-task method experiment only to find that the MSM was too simple as it stated that the STM is only one store. The model shows that information is first received by the Central Executive. The Central Executive has overall control of the STM and it is multi-modal meaning it can process information from different senses. This information can then go to one of two stores. If it is speech-based information it will be transferred to the Phonological Loop. It has two subcomponents, phonological store and articulatory control process. The phonological store is the inner ear and contains snippets of sounds either from the outside world or recalled from long term memory. The articulatory control process is the inner voice which essentially is our own voice inside our heads as it constantly repeats or rehearses information so therefore preventing forgetting by decay. The visuo-spatial sketch pad is visual short term memory, or the inner eye. It can manipulate images in two and three dimensions. The WMM shows memory as an active process as the Central Executive can store and retrieve information from either slave store. As this is a model of the STM, all three stores have a limited duration and capacity. A good thing about the WMM is that it’s pioneering. This model is the first of its kind to explain STM as having separate...
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...APOLLO .W. MBOGO ( MOI UNIVERSITY) Professor’s Name: Course: Date: We Should Wear Pants A pant refers to any cloth that is worn under/inside an individual’s outer clothes. Elizabeth Smith Miller was the first woman to discover an inner ware in 1851. She sought to come with a reformed system of women’s dressing code.Innerwares are of different categories and are meant to serve diverse purposes. For instance some men widely use shorts to serve as their undergarments. Other related undergarments that serve the same purpose as the pants include the t-shirts, vests and others. There are some contentions on whether the women specifically should wear pants. Christians argue that women are not supposed to wear men garment and men should not wear women garments either. The wearing of pants by women is opposed among some Christians in the society. Pants play different roles to different people depending on their perceptions. Pants are normally used for their different roles such as providing warmth to the body (Rushton & Susie, p.4). In addition, they are used in absorbing dirt emanating from the body since they are in direct contact with the body. Pants therefore serve hygienic purposes, warmth as well as comfort. Good body aeration is achieved by wearing clean pants. Among some communities; they are used for religious purposes. When it is worn to serve the purpose of hygiene, a pant normally helps to absorb dirt emanating from the body. This is helpful since the outer clothes...
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...The case of Aileen Wuornos, reportedly America’s first female serial killer, has been a subject of news media since the early 1990s when the bodies of several men were found murdered along the highways of north and central Florida (Pike and Linning, 2018) The first of which, 51-year-old convicted rapist and electronics store owner Richard Mallory, was found in December 1989 in a wooded area after being shot twice in the left lung (Myall, 2018). Construction worker David Spears, 43’s naked body was then found by a Floridian highway on 1 June 1990 having been shot six times (Baker, 2018). Five days later, the body of 40-year-old rodeo worker Charles Carskaddon, was discovered with nine small caliber bullets to the chest and abdomen. Peter...
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