...References Bibliography Adler Graduate School. (2016, 05 09). Alfer Adler: Theory and Application. Retrieved from Adler Graduate School: http://alfredadler.edu/about/theory Boeree, D. C. (2006). Karen Horney. Retrieved from Personality Theories: http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/horney.html Changing Works. (2016). Melanie Klein. Retrieved from Changing Minds: http://changingminds.org/disciplines/psychoanalysis/theorists/klein.htm Feist, J., Feist, G. J., & Roberts, T.-A. (2013). Theories of Personality. New York: McGrawHill. McLeod, S. A. (2013). Erik Erikson. Retrieved from Simply Psychology : http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html McLeod, S. A. (2013). Sigmund Freud. Retrieved from Simply Psychology: http://www.simplypsychology.org/Sigmund-Freud.html McLeod, S. A. (2014). Carl Jung. Retrieved from Simply Psychology: http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-jung.html Personality Development. (2016, 05 09). Erich Fromm. Retrieved from Personality Development: http://www.personality-development.org/theories-personality-development/erich-fromm Karen Horney – Psychoanalytical Social Theory – While most of the theorists believed that neurosis came from childhood, or something traumatic that may have happened, Horney believed that neurosis came from the difference of parenting while growing up. She found that there were ten neurotic needs as a child, she went on to group those into three groups in order to analyze them better. The first was compliance this is...
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...Emerging Crisis: A Lecture about the Psychosocial Perspective of Personality I. Introduction Coon and Mitterer (2013) stated from their book that every life is marked by a number of developmental milestones. Those milestones are notable events, markers, or turning points that affect the development of a certain individual. Some examples of these include graduating from school, reaching your dreams, getting married, getting a job, becoming a parent, retirement, and one’s own death. One of the important things that a person needs to develop is his personality. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, personality is the set of qualities and behaviors that makes a person different from other people. From the definition, lots of questions arise. Some examples are “What makes them different from the other?”, “Why are they behaving like that?”, and “Who am I?” In order to answer those questions, Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development will help to understand the complexity of human personality. Erikson’s ‘psychosocial’ term is derived from two words – ‘psychological’ means mind and ‘social’ means external relationships (Chapman, 2013). According to Ramkumar (2002), Erik Erikson did most of his works during the 1930s to the 1950s as a psychologist. He was fascinated in child analysis. He was the student of Sigmund Freud and he was inspired by his works. From the article of Chapman (2013), Erikson’s psychosocial theory was drawn and was extended from the ideas of...
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...Personality Assessment University of Phoenix CMGT/530 Personality Assessment Personality is defined as the visible aspect of one’s characters based on a combination of their physical, mental, emotional, social, and other behavioral patterns. Over the last few decades there have been numerous methods and tests that have been developed to assess ones personality. The more commonly known tests include the Meyer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBIT), the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Jung Theory of Psychological Types and The Keirsey Temperament Sorter II. The listed methods are all developed by different individuals; with their very own views and opinions; however; each method is based on the basic theory that a person’s behavior are the results of specific traits that can be measured and it is these measureable traits are what make up a person’s inner habits and tendencies. There are several kinds of assessment methods that have been created to help define and measure ones individual personality and traits. For this assignment; the one used to assess my personality was the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II. The Keirsey Temperament Sorter II personality assessment tool; developed by David Kiersey was first introduced in his book Please Understand Me, which was published in 1978. It is an objective test composed of 70 questions that helps to measure and indicate the personality types...
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...your search. What databases, keywords, and search criteria did you use? Nature vs. Nurture is an issue that is very interesting to me when looking into behaviors with the clients that I work with. When an issue arises with a client the factors of Nature vs. Nurture come into play when researching the behavioral triggers, antecedents as well as causes for behavior. When researching resources for this topic I was able to utilize Capella University library (search engine). Keys words that were used were behaviors, antecedents, nature, nurture, parents and training. When researching this topic, I was able to ask Nature vs. Nurture controversy, what opinions there were. What is better? What is more effective (Nature vs. Nurture)? Write a two-paragraph literature review using the sources you found earlier in the unit. (You may also incorporate sources you found previously.) In order to write two paragraphs, you need two main points that are clearly identified by the topic sentences of your review. Make sure you use your sources to support ideas, rather than simply summarizing articles. Remember, a literature review is not an annotated bibliography and should not present a summary of one article after another. Nature versus nurture is the term that refers to whether the heredity or the environment most impacts human psychological development such as; behavior, habits, intelligence, personality, sexuality, aggressive tendencies, and so on. What's most likely is that both...
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...Nature vs. Nurture in Psychology PSYCH 101 Nature vs. Nurture in Psychology What makes you think, feel, and behave the way you do? Were you born predisposed to live the life you are currently living, or were you born a blank canvas upon which your experiences gave shape and expression to the person you are today? These are the types of questions the Nature vs. Nurture debate has posed and scientists have probed for over a century. In this paper we will look at some of the aspects of this debate the scientific community does not attend to, or dismisses, the origin and history of this debate, the essential characteristics around which this issue is debated, and where scientists are today in understanding this issue. What are your thoughts on the Nature vs. Nurture argument? Sir Galton wrote in his book English Men of Science (1874), “Nature is all that a man brings with him into the world; nurture is every influence that affects him after his birth,” (p. 12). I have been led to believe that our biology (nature), our environment (nurture), and our cognitive abilities all interplay and influence our resulting personality and other existing traits. We are, as Myers (2012) continuously asserts, biopsychosocial beings (p.124). These aspects of our existence work in accord to actuate the developmental potential written into our genetic code. Where I think there is a deficiency in the theories proffered, in attempt to answer the Nature vs. Nurture...
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...Nature vs. Nurture vs. Tofu 2 Without conducting any research, I realize that I have never really thought about the subject of nature vs. nurture. By knowing a little of what the controversy is about, I am able to ask myself the right questions to complete my thoughts and come to a proper opinion. Usually I am an extremist by going with one side and not lingering with thoughts in the middle. However, this is a subject that does not deserve one end. By looking and observing those around me, many may notice that people share similar traits. Some traits are the result of nature and others are the result of nurture. There is no 50:50 ratio that is involved in the deciding factor of how much of each side contributes to the individuals we are today. Because biological factors and conformity are two different subjects, there is no scientific way to measure an accurate ratio of nature to nurture. Instead, I believe that each and every person is the product of 100 percent nature as well as 100 percent nurture. As my boyfriend and I are out to lunch, I throw my thoughts at him about nature vs. nurture and he makes me realize that tofu is a great example of both nature and nurture. He asks me how I am able to eat something so bland and tasteless. I tell him that tofu does have sort of a creamy nutty taste to it and is delicious plain uncooked. However, when tofu is cooked, it conforms to and picks up the flavor of the food or sauce that is being cooked with...
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...In my opinion, Erikson’s theory of personality development provides the best explanation of how personality develops in an individual. Erikson’s theory suggests that we develop in stages, from our infancy and continuing all throughout our lives. One of the most important elements of Erikson’s theory is the idea of ego identity. Ego identity is being aware of one’s self through social interaction. Erikson suggests that this ego develops and changes throughout life to take on the task at hand, at that particular stage of life. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development explains personality development through specific stages. Stage number one is trust vs. mistrust. This basically explains how important good parenting is at the earliest stage of life. If one’s caretakers are inconsistent and not dependable, this could lead to trust issues later in life. Stage number two is autonomy vs. shame and doubt. This part of the theory discusses children developing a greater sense of personal control. If a child isn’t taught, or can’t learn, how to do simple tasks at a young age, this could lead to feelings of inadequacy or self-doubt later in life. According to the DSM-IV, “Borderline” is considered a personality disorder. The typical behavior of someone with this disorder is someone who cannot stand to be alone, yet needs attention, someone who has very intense and unstable relationships and moods, drug and alcohol abuse, and anger issues. These behaviors taken individually may seem...
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...the influences of nature and nurture on the personality of humans. What is nature and nurture? Nature is referring to your genetic background, or what is passed down from your parents. Nurture refers to what you learn throughout your life. Does nature or nurture form and create your personality? Nature, as defined by psychologists, is your genetic background. When you are born, you obtain certain genes and traits from both your mother and father. Some psychologists believe that this is what forms your personality. Science has discovered that these coding of genes forms your eye color, hair color, nose size, and other physical traits. In a recent experiment, scientists found fraternal twins that were separated at birth. The twins went on to...
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...General Psychology Autism- severe chronic developmental disorder * Characterized by severely compromised ability to engage in and by a lack of interest in social interaction. *Autism Spectrum* 1. Asperger’s Syndrome * high/ normal intelligence * shy * problem on eye contact * don’t recognize facial expressions * focus only on 1 thing * absent minded * can’t adapt to changes 2. Semantic Pragmantic Disorder- more sociable 3. Hyperlexia- more on a symptom than a disorder - fascinated in letters and numbers but don’t communicate 4. Non-verbal Learning Disability- can’t recognize faces 5. Prosopagnosia- face blind (2.5% of the entire world) ~ ~ ~ Learning Disorder Dyslexia- reading disorder “Dyslexia” ADHD- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Stuttering- therapy “singing” Tics- abnormal movement that can’t be controlled Tourette’s Syndrome-vocal tics (5 in every 10k people) Coprolalia- involuntary shouting Separation Anxiety (No Description) Conduct Disorder (No Description) ~ ~ ~ Jean Piaget- 1st a BIOLOGIST Cognitive Development- ability to understand Genetic Epistemology- study of the development of knowledge Schemas- sensory motor skills A. Assimilation (No Description) B. Accommodation (No Description) Equilibrium- Balance of adaptation Stages of Cognitive Development 1. Sensorimotor- birth- 2 years old Primary Circular Reaction | 1 to 4 months | Mental Representation...
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...read the book as well as review the PPTs. Use the PPTs/lecture notes to help you focus your reading and studying. Chapter 1 and Management History PPTs (13 questions) What is OB? Organizational Behavior Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles (there are 10) Interpersonal Figurehead Leader Liason Informational Monitor Disseminator Spokesperson Decisional Entreprenuer Disturbance Handler Resource Allocator Negotiator Management Functions: Planning: Decide on goals, Organizing: Establish rules, Leading (Directing): Coordinate individuals, Controlling: Evaluate and improve History of Management (From lecture) (You will need to know names!) Current issues Levels of study in OB and the course Chapter 2 – Diversity (14 questions) Current workforce Aging workforce Surface-level vs. deep-level diversity Forms and effects of discrimination Diversity and ability tests Intelligence dimensions Ensuring a diverse workforce Good and bad metaphors for diversity True Colors video Chapter 3 (12 questions) 3 Components of Attitudes: ABC Affective: Emotion or feeling of a attitude Behavioral: How we behave Cognitive: How it relates to me or my beliefs Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory: Incompatibility between people; seeking to reduce the gap Perceived Organizational Support: Employees feel that the job cares about their well being Responses to job dissatisfaction: Exit: Find another job Voice: Try to better conditions loyalty:...
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...Life Span Development Kelvin L. McRae Liberty University Abstract In this paper it will discuss Erik Eriksons 8 stages of personality and what we deal with during each stage of our lives. This paper will also discuss the Big Five theory which gives a pretty good ideal of most people personalities. This paper will also discuss my life span and the things that I have been through in my life time from birth to my current stage of life Young adults. It will also explain what I need to do to deal with the issues that I have that are affecting me as I go into my next stage of life and how I will deal with it. In our life time we go through several changes. Form the day we are born until the day that death has come upon use. As we reach different stages of our lives we begin to see changes not only in our physical but cognitively as well. Through the studies of Erik Erickson he came up with 8 different stages personality that may define who we are going to be. The first stage is Basic trust vs. basic mistrust; in this stage it covers the birth to 1 year of age which seems to be the most fundamental stage of life. Cassell (2013) states that Erickson said; the baby develops basic trust or basic mistrust is not merely a matter of nurture. It is multi-faceted and has strong social components. It depends on the quality of the maternal relationship. The mother carries out and reflects their inner perceptions of trustworthiness, a sense of personal meaning, etc. on the...
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...One of the biggest issues of working in teams or groups is the clashing of personalities of its members. When there is a team of people with all different types of personalities that do not necessarily mix it can cause problems with communication, cooperation, and participation. According to the Encarta World Dictionary, personality is defined as the totality of somebody's attitudes, interests, behavioral patterns, emotional responses, social roles, and other individual traits that endure over long periods of time. So when someone’s personality is conflicting with another person’s, it makes it really difficult for them to get along or work together. There are many different types of personalities but we can use the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to get a general overview of the types of personalities that exist and why clashing occurs. In the book Type Talk by Otto Kroeger and Janet M. Thuesen (1988), the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is broken down into four categories: Extroversion vs. Introversion, Sensing vs. Intuition, Thinking vs. Feeling, Judging vs. Perceiving. Extroverted people tend to be very approachable, outgoing, and social. They have many close friends and need to be included in everything. Extroverts love being the center of attention and do not like alone time. They do not like to do critical or reflective thinking alone. They need reassurance from others before believing or accepting a truth. They are quick to speak and often say the wrong things. Introverted...
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...Managing Individual Performance Abstract A team leader is faced with many responsibilities, from the beginning to the end, of everyday operations that occur within organizations. An individual's personality plays an important role to the success of the team. Personality is also important to take into consideration how the team's dynamics may formulate once the team is working together. Will the various personalities raise conflict on interest? Will this impact completing tasks and reaching tram goals? Is it important to make sure a team leader selects members than they can motivate? Using techniques like MBTI and the Maslow's Hierarchy to ensure optimal productivity within the group. This paper intends to demonstrate the outcome of the simulation Managing Individual Performance and the way that these two techniques were used to get to this outcome. Managing Individual Performance The best criteria for selecting team members are an individual's interest in the overall plan and the facilitation skills they possess. Teams need facilitators more than they do leaders, especially if numerous stakeholder groups are involved. The facilitators should have adequate training and should not have a personal interest in the specific project's outcome. The facilitators, then, will not be tempted to use their power to force personal agendas on team members. (Bill Roth) When selecting the team members, be sure to evaluate their interpersonal and communication skills as well as their...
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...individuals process information. Individual personality types and assessment tools will also be addressed as to how they play a role in conflict resolution. Basic strategies for conflict resolution will be suggested and reflected upon. The conclusion of this paper will contain the thoughts of this student author and how the learned principles of conflict resolution will affect his coaching endeavors. Conflict Resolution in the Relationship Coaching Model From the start of time man has struggled with conflict; both in the interpersonal sense as well as in relationships. The Bible gives an account of when sin entered the world the in chapter three of Genesis. Here the reader learns how God became conflicted with Adam. Adam quickly became conflicted with Eve and blamed her for the situation at hand. Not to be undone, Eve became conflicted and blamed the serpent for their troubles. Eventually Adam turned the tables and blamed God for the whole ordeal (NASB). So we see the need for some sort of resolution and hopefully in today’s times that resolution will not be as harsh as what God had in store for Adam and Eve. This student author has a passion for marriage and helping people develop healthy relationships. In the paragraphs to follow the model of the relationship coaching will be developed and how this model deals with conflict resolution. Part of the process will require understanding of individual personality types and how these personality types process information. The conclusion...
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...CONTENTS Introdcution ...................................................................................................................................................................2 Definition of a Company ............................................................................................................................................2 Features of a Corporation ..........................................................................................................................................3 Difference Between a Company and Its personnel .......................................................................................................4 Shareholders ..............................................................................................................................................................4 Directors ....................................................................................................................................................................4 Directors as agent: .................................................................................................................................................5 Directors as Trustees: ............................................................................................................................................5 The Veil of Incorporation ............................................................................................................................
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