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„Магическата сила на красотата и любовта“

ЛИС на откъс от „Шибил“ (Й.Йовков)

В художествения свят на Йордан Йовков неизменно присъстват общочовешките теми за любовта и омразата, за греха и изкуплението, за красотата, която трябва да излъчва нравственост. С характерната за писателя сложна обвързаност между теми и проблеми мотивът за магическата сила на любовта се проектира в много от разказите в цикъла "Старопланински легенди".

“Шибил” е първата от 10-те творби в цикъла, която проследява нравствената промяна у човека под влиянието на любовта и красотата.

Любовта може да бъде греховна и тъмна стихия, но Йовков я вижда като духовно извисяваща човека сила. Писателят описва прелома в душата на един разбойник, под въздействието на това чувство, способно да облагороди и най-жестоките хора.

Силата на любовта в "Шибил" е не само емоционална човешка изява. Тя е проявление на духа, красотата и стремежа към добро. В разказа тя не е показана като естествено човешко чувство, а придобива трагичност и съдбовност. Любовта е по-властна над живота дори от инстинкта за самосъхранение.

Финалът на творбата поставя акцент върху смъртта на героите – трагичният край на любовта е всъщност нейно тържество и дори смъртта зазвучава като апотеоз на магическата й сила.

Типична особеност на Йовковите герои е тяхната физическа красота, почти винаги допълнена с внушението за духовна сила и благородство.

В творбата на писателя красотата на тялото и духа, поражда голямата любов, която преобразява нравствено човека. Тази промяна подтиква героите да напуснат своето житейско пространство и ги води към трагичен край.

Неслучайно авторът извежда последната среща между двамата влюбени като мото на произведението. Повторението - „Рада стоеше на портата, отдолу идеше Мустафа“, интерпретация на двустишие от народна песен, засилва съдбовността на момента.

Шибил има всички основания да вярва, че му готвят засада. Той правилно разчита знаците на съдбата – „броеница от кехлибар и стрък червен карамфил“, въпреки това слиза от балкана движен от любовта.

Устремен към нея, у него умира хайдутинът и се ражда юнакът хубавец – „Няма оръжие по него. Но как е пременен!“. Чрез любовта героят открива доброто, истината, носи не пушка, а червен карамфил - символ, както на любовта, така и на смъртта.

Кулминацията на разказа настъпва в края, когато красотата, любовта и смъртта се вплитат в едно. В момента, в който Мустафа върви по улицата, естетичното и етичното влизат в двубой: необикновената му хубост и нейното въздействие върху хората прозира в реакцията на кърсердарина Мурад бей, сякаш в плен на някаква магия - „Какъв юнак! Какъв хубавец!“, „Не, чорбаджи, такъв човек не бива да умре!“

Силата на любовното чувство преобразява и Рада. Тя е използвана като примамка, но също потъпква законите на своята християнска общност - „Тя тичаше към него и простираше ръце, като да го запази, той разтвори ръце, като да я прегърне.“ Любовта на Рада е награда, която осмисля смъртта.

Финалната сцена е наситена със символи, зад които прозира Йовковата естетическа и художествена позиция.

Трагичният край на двамата е тържество на магическата сила на любовта и красотата; отрицание на измамата и подлостта – „Падна Шибил... Падна до него и Рада.“ , „И всичко утихна.... Като петно кръв между двата трупа се червенееше карамфилът.“

Разказът "Шибил" внушава, че любовта води личността към естественото човешко съществуване. Тя облагородява и нравствено извисява. Произведението представя героите с тяхната изключителност, те са ярки образи, надарени с необикновена красота, които обичат безрезервно и са готови да умрат за своята любов.

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