...From birth up to the age of five, children acquire language at a very fast pace. The stages of language development are widespread among humans. Though, the age and the pace at which a child reaches each breakthrough of language development differ greatly among children. More than any other part of development, language development exposes the growth and development of the brain. Infants are very accustomed to the human voice and desire it to other sounds. In exact, they desire the higher pitch typical of female voices. They also are extremely observant to the human face, mainly when the face is talking. While crying is a child's main means of communication at birth, language nearly begins to develop by repetition and simulation. Between birth and three months of age, most infants attain the following abilities: identify their mother's voice, quiet down or smirk when spoken to, turn near recognizable voices and sounds, make sounds signifying pleasure, cry differently to express special needs like mumbling, giggling, crying and babbling....
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...day. Language development is a complex subject with varying views.This debate reflects fundamentally different beliefs about human development and is not likely to be resolved. There is however considerable agreement that the course of language development reflects the interplay of factors in at least five domains.Educators and policy-makers have often ignored schoolchildren, whose language seems to be lagging behind development in other areas, arguing that such children are “just a bit late” in talking. However language development is a vital issue which has implications on the performance of a child at school. Because of this, this essay analyses factors that affect language development. 2.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS 2.1 LANGUAGE Skinner, who was a behaviourist, defined language as the observed and produced speech that occurs in the interaction of speaker and listener. 2.2LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT According to the internet site, www.healthofchildren.com/L/Language-Development, Language development is the process by which children come to understand and communicate language during early childhood. 3. 0 3.1 EXPOSURE TO THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Owens R. (2001), quoted Beistein in an attempt to associate the social environment to language development. The social environment refers to the environment developed by humans as contrasted with the natural environment; society as a whole, especially in its relation to the individual. The social environment influences the language development of...
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...affect language Development Learning to talk is one of the most visible and important achievements of early childhood. In a matter of months, and without advanced teaching, toddlers move from hesitant single words to sentences, and from a small vocabulary to one that is growing by a few new words a day. New language tools mean new opportunities for social understanding, for learning about the world, and for sharing experiences, pleasures and needs. It also means being able to understand simple instruction which aid in the teaching and learning process of the child. This paper will look at factors that affect the development of language in Zimbabwe and the world in general. It will look at what renowned scholars say about the development of language. Definition of terms Language according to Fredd C.C Peng(2007) is a behavior which utilizes body parts, the vocal apparatus and the visual system for oral language, the brachial apparatus and the visual system for sign language. Such body parts are controlled by the brain for their functions. E. Bruce Goldstein (2008) defines language as a system of communication using sounds or symbols that enable us to express our feelings, thoughts, ideas and experience. lastly Language can be defined as a means of communication. Cooper(1989) defines language Development as the result of the series of on-going planned actions that language communities...
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...How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Language Development 1 Claytonia L. Butler Grand Canyon University ECH- 515 October 9, 2013 How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Language Development 2 While searching for information on the topic, I found that language abilities and deficiencies does have a major impact in literacy development. Especially in children from birth to third grade when their language skills are developing. Language abilities and deficiencies should be observed when a child is between Birth to 3rd Grade. Children with poor listening and speaking skills are referred to as having language impairment. Children with language impairment that have reading disorders, are usually defined as having poor reading achievement. The two main components of language development that will be discussed in this essay are: Language Deficiencies and Language Abilities. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the word deficiency means: to have a lack of something needed: the state of not having enough of something necessary. In children who exhibit complications involving phonetic understanding and reading deficiencies will most likely have literacy delay and progress in their overall learning. A deficiency in English language skills can cause problems with teachers and other people whom children encounter as they progress through school...
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...Child development is a process every child goes through. This process involves learning and mastering skills like sitting, walking, talking, skipping, and tying shoes. Children learn these skills called developmental milestones, during predictable time periods. There are five main areas of development: Cognitive, Socio-emotional, Language, Fine motor skill, and Gross motor skill development. All of these areas correlates to each other. However, the differences of cognitive and language development on a child’s growth is the main focus of this paper. What is Cognitive Development? “Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to...
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...Does Bilingualism improve brain functioning? Although it is believed by many that it is impossible for children to master two different languages simultaneously, children who are bilingual are more effective learners because the children can benefit from bilingualism in their cognitive development and help to progress their mental health. This paper will examine Jean Paget’s and Lev Vygotsky’s Theories of Cognitive Development, and B.F. Skinner’s and Noam Chomsky’s Language Development Theories, describing relevant terminology, and addressing how the theory assists in the understanding of issues involved in the selected topic. Identify and describe at least two domains of human development (physical, biological emotional, cognitive, and/or social) and how they are impacted by the topic does bilingualism improve brain functioning. Identify and describe the stages of development that are affected by the topic does bilingualism improve brain functioning. Describe the cultural and historical perspectives of the chosen topic, demonstrating an understanding of how the topic has been perceived over time and by other cultures. Cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence (wikipedia.com, 2014). When bilingualism is defined in the first way, as the characteristic of an individual who possesses two linguistic systems - we call it cognitive bilingualism (Hukuta and others, 1978). Bilingualism defined in the second...
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...attention facilitate language acquisition in children? Joint attention is that shared focus of two individuals on a single object. This is simply achieved when one of the individuals alerts the attention of the other to the object mainly through pointing, eye gazing or through the use of verbal and other non verbal indications. An individual focuses their gaze on the other individual, points their finger on the object and then returns their gaze on the individual. Cross sectional description of a child’s ability to follow an eye gaze was first presented by researchers Scafie and Bruner the first time in 1975. They found out that children aged between eight to ten months followed a line regarded to them, children between eleven and fourteen months old also did the same. This form of early research showed that it is possible to bring objects to the attention environment of an infant through the use of an eye gaze (Moore & Dunham, 2009). A good development in language is of critical importance when it comes to an infant’s readiness for school and achievement in academics (Janus & Offord, 2007). Language development is also a key facilitator in the development of social skills of an individual which optimizes the involvement of the individual in social and economic activities of the society (Zubrick et al., 2009). There is increased attention from researchers in early child development in language so s to better understands human development. Language development may be viewed as...
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...amount of knowledge you had regarding children’s language and communication development before the course and now. At this point, I think it’s safe to say that there have been many different topics discussed that you need to try to retain and keep in mind, especially when you’re going to have a child (though you better not expect to have one soon). Infants are born in large numbers every day and with each birth, parents are concerned about their children’s progression in language development. (You may not be a parent now, but you ought to be concerned about language development as well for the sake of your future children and the future generation of people.) Naturally, parents desire the best and most effective way to speed up and improve their children’s language and communication development. Studies have been done over communication overall, but fortunately; there are many in-depth studies over the topic of communication development with children. There have been many different learning theories that have been covered over this course to help understand the different kinds of development children undergo with regards to communication. An overlaying widely discussed theory known to many is that of “nature or nurture.” There are many other theories that fit within the framework of the “nature or nurture” theory and these can vary depending on the various ages and stages of the child. Since the topic of language and development can be so broad, the exploration of the different...
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...Bilingual language is beneficial for the child’s first language and English development “Language constitutes us, it gives us meaning and allows us to make meaning, and it develops and abolishes spaces.” (Benjamin, 2002). Critiques of bilingual education continually claim that children can only learn one language at a time after which they are taught a second language (Krashen, 2000). They assert that bilingual education cause confusion among children and limit their intelligence capabilities; they argue that real bilinguals cannot combine their language. Advocates of bilingual education present arguments on its benefits, they suggest that, for many children the process of being literate and studying a new language simultaneously is overwhelming and that the bilingual process assist them to develop their native language first which results to a smooth transition to English. The main aim of the bilingual program was to promote the prominent language to issue instructions and at the same time enhance the development of the second language. Some define it in aspects of its capability to enhance cognitive and effective development while others view that it should focus on cultural enrichment and linguistic development. However, in some bilingual programs, instructions are issued through the use of the second language especially in cases where the first language erodes over time. (Baez, 2002) As the child proficiency in English increases he or she loses grasp of the native language...
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...Factors that Influence Language Development JUDITH JOHNSTON, PhD University of British Columbia, CANADA (Published online February 24, 2005) Topic Language development and literacy Introduction Learning to talk is one of the most visible and important achievements of early childhood. In a matter of months, and without explicit teaching, toddlers move from hesitant single words to fluent sentences, and from a small vocabulary to one that is growing by six new words a day. New language tools mean new opportunities for social understanding, for learning about the world, and for sharing experiences, pleasures and needs. Subject The nature of language knowledge Language development is even more impressive when we consider the nature of what is learned. It may seem that children merely need to remember what they hear and repeat it at some later time. But as Chomsky1 pointed out so many years ago, if this were the essence of language learning, we would not be successful communicators. Verbal communication requires productivity, i.e. the ability to create an infinite number of utterances we have never heard before. This endless novelty requires that some aspects of language knowledge be abstract. Ultimately, “rules” for combining words cannot be rules about particular words, but must be rules about classes of words such as nouns, verbs or prepositions. Once these abstract blueprints are available, the speaker can fill the “slots” in a sentence with the words that best convey the message...
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...Language and Child Development Kaneisha Boddie PSY 600 November 10, 2014 Robert Irizarry Abstract This paper explains the developments of children from infancy to adolescents. It focuses on the importance of physical, cognitive, language, and emotional development. As children continue to grow, from infants to toddler to adolescence they tend to develop a sense of being little independent creatures. Language and Child Development Overtime children experience different type of changes of growth from the time of birth until their adolescence years which is normally referred to as child development. It is very important to recognize and to understand child development which involves a significant change biologically, cognitively, emotionally, and with educational growth through language skills. There are two different type of environment that may influence children’s behavior. The first type of course is chosen by parents. Children will more than likely adjust and become more familiar with the environment that they are raised in, and it is very possible for them to imitate language and the actions of their parents. The second type of environment is based off how a child is being treated in a specific environment. Children studies and learn from their environment and social life which is very significant in children's growth and language development. For others what is determined and accepted to be genetics in children’s development results may favor nurturing. As...
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...Running head: Language and Literacy Development Language Abilities and Deficiencies on Literacy Development SheQuita Hogan Grand Canyon University: ECH 515 March 14, 2012 Language and literacy are skills that work together. Children development language skills and a young age and they develop at different ages and stages. They are constantly observing and practicing communication and oral language. What they learn, hear, and see has an effect on their literacy skills. Children build oral language knowledge and they practice as they learn to read and write. They develop understanding about reading through writing and they extent through they writing through reading. Language, reading, and writing skills develop at the same time and are intimately linked. Early literacy development is a continuous developmental process that begins in the first years of life. Early literacy skills develop in real life settings through positive interactions with literacy materials and other people Children who have difficult with early speech communication skills are at risk of having problems in the future. Therefore, the development of oral language has in effect on the development of emergent reader literacy skills. Oral language is a key aspect of the future literacy of children, as it goes a far way toward promoting many of the skills contained in reading writing, and language arts. Oral language is also a method through which children may learn incidental vocabulary. Being exposed...
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...By the time they are three or four years old, children are able to acquire language spoken around them, regardless of its complexity. Development of language is universal thing and is mostly influenced by the surrounding of the one who is a language learner. Language enables children to share their feelings, intents, desires and to express themselves. Parents and caregivers share this significant role in children's language development. Children's first attempts are greatly influenced by the information and meanings directed to them by their social communicative partners. However, that conversation is dependent upon many factors, the one that shall be further examined is the effect of social class. There is wealth of empirical studies suggesting that all aspects of language that children learn are highly influenced by the socioeconomic status of their communicative partners. For example, Irwin's studies (1948, as cited in Raph, 1965) have shown the superiority of the speech sound of infants whose parents belonged to middle-class families over those of infants whose parents belonged to lower-class. Clearly, there are big differences between classes in the way they speak. Furthemore, Bernstein (1972, as cited in Piché, Rubin & Michlin, 1978) said that the language is characterised by the dissimiliraties in socialization process which are reflection of different social structural orders within the family. Additionally, the social structural bases of family have an effect on...
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...Outline for Personality and Emotional Development I. Introduction- Three skills that contribute to positive social development A. Skill #1-Oral Language i. Development of oral language requires not only learning words but also learning the rules of words and sentence structure. Oral language is heavily influenced by the amount of quality of talking parents do with their children. Children often play with language and experiment with words and patterns. (Slavin, R.E.) ii. It is important for children to obtain the skill of oral language because it will help them develop socially. If children are exposed to oral language at an early age they are more likely to have a larger vocabulary. The more words they know the better they can communicate to their peers, teachers, and parents. B. Skill #2 – Writing i. Writing emerges out of early scribbles and in the beginning it is randomly spread across the page. Young children are mentally unable to create letters in row. They will invent spellings by making judgments on sounds and by connecting those sounds to letters they already know. While trying write out what they hear, children will typically write letter names. (Slavin, R.E.) ii. It is important to achieve the skill of writing because it is something that children will use their whole lives. Writing is a part of the everyday life. If a child is unable to write they will be behind socially and educationally. C. Skill #3 – Reading i. The process of learning how to...
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...The Development of Language and Communication from Infancy to Preschool 510: Early Childhood Development Cleveland State University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine how language and communication develop in early childhood, from in uerto through preschool. And how language is the expression of human communication through which knowledge, belief, and behaviors’ develop, and experiences are explained and shared. Other areas to be examined is the developmental milestones functional skills that are age specific tasks that children achieve during various levels of development, infant brain development, and attachment. Although each milestone is age appropriate, children development varies from child to child taking in to consideration every child is unique. Introduction In a study conducted (2009) on babies language learning starts from the womb. From the first day a newborn cries they already bear the mark of the language their parents speak. In another dramatic finding of this study is that not only are human neonates capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during fetal life, within the last trimester of gestation. Even through prenatal exposure to their native language was known for some time to influence newborns, scientist now believe that it happens much earlier than the preconceived notion that surrounding language affected sound production...
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