...Business Management LEADERSHIP AND ORGANISATIONS Name: Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan Student ID: 23045438 Word count: 3596 Module Leader UK : Janette Hurst Module Leader Singapore: Jasmine Puah Table of Contents Introduction 3 Trait Approach to Leadership Theory 3 Advantages of Trait Approach 4 Disadvantages of Trait Approach 4 Situational and Contingency Approach 6 Fiedler’s Contingency Theory: 7 Advantages of Fiedler’s Contingency Model 9 Disadvantages of Fiedler’s Contingency Model 9 Harsey-Blanchard Situational Leadership 10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model 12 Transformational Approach to Leadership 13 Advantages and Disadvantages of Transformational Approach to Leadership 15 Similarities of different approaches 15 Differences of Different Approaches 16 Conclusion 17 References 19 Appendix 22 Appendix 1: Zaccaro’s Model to Trait Approach 22 Appendix 2 : LPC Scale 22 Appendix 3: Fielder's Contingency model 23 Appendix 4: Harsey and Blanchard Situational Model 23 Appendix 5: Transformational Approach to Leadership 24 Introduction The purpose of this essay is to discuss different approaches to leadership. Different approaches to leadership have been described using different models along with charts and tables to provide a better understanding on each model. It also states the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and how the disadvantage of one approach gave emergence...
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...Presentation Outline: Leadership and Organizational Theory: the heart of the matter * Introduction Paragraph * This article discusses concepts of leadership and organizational theory. * It begins with a statement “Leadership is much more of an art, a belief, a condition of the heart, than a set of things to do. The visible signs of artful leadership are expressed, ultimately in its practice.” This statement mirrors our study of emotional intelligence. * The article identifies essential leadership theories and their impact on organizational dynamics. * Introduction of Leadership Theory Impact of Leader-Follower Relationships * Leadership theory and application revolve around two major ingredients: leadership and followership. Together, they encompass strategies for solving social coordination in effective problem solving, conflict resolution and cohesion among groups who work together. * Major Point #1: Impact of Leader-Follower Relationships * There are multiple leadership styles, but no one style is recognized as the ‘all in all’ of leadership. Many leaders employ a variety of styles to adapt to situations, which the author refers to as situational leadership. Other leaders apply specific leadership styles based on who they are and how they lead. * Major Point #2: Leadership influence on Organization Culture * The key is to develop a leadership style that gets to the heart of the...
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...You Make a difference leadership approach Leadership & Organizational Behavior Trait Approach to Leadership Description: Trait theory of leadership suggests that certain physical and personality characteristics are indicators of leadership (Straker, 2013) Trait theory was one of the first systematic attempts to study leadership, and was preferred because it strives to understand which traits great leaders consistently possess (Roberts) Assumptions of trait approach theory to leadership (ROTC) People are born with specific traits The “right” combination of those traits makes a good leader “Traits produce patterns of behavior that are consistent across situations” Focuses on the leader, and not the followers or the situation Intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability are the five most central traits included in the theory (Sage, 2010, Trait Approach to Leadership) Strengths and weaknesses of Trait Approach to Leadership A. Strengths: 1. Extensive research and data on the subject, and many traits have proven to be more existent in leaders Because it focuses on the leader, aspiring leaders can use data as a benchmark for what they ought to grow in to become stronger leaders (Sage, 2010, Trait Approach) Weaknesses: 1. While many traits have been confirmed by multiple researchers during studies, there is still much inconsistency between those researchers By itself, the trait theory does not consider each situation uniquely...
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...that will conclude how personality and skills are essential in being a good leader. The premise for each article all had the same hypothesis in mind, with regard to effective leadership. The studies that will be compared will be “Personality traits, management styles & conflict management in a military unit” by Salimi, Karaminia, and Esmaeili (2011) and “The leadership skills strataplex: Leadership skill requirements across organizational levels” by Mumford, Campion, and Morgeson (2007). A comparison of the research questions, sample population, and limitations will be discussed. Salimi and colleagues (2011) investigated personality traits with regard to management styles. They wanted to find out if personality traits had any affect on a leader’s management style and conflict resolution. They found that extraversion and when conscientious leaders were more successful. Northouse (2010) in regards to personality traits gave perfect examples on how personality traits in fact can affect how leaders resolve issues and tribulations. Northouse (2010), stated how leaders are more tolerant for uncertainty, openness, and curiosity. When leaders are confident they are more inclined to be helpful in sudden situations that involve conflict. Mumford and colleagues (2007) addressed the skills needed by a leader to help perform their daily job functions within an organization. They suggest that cognitive, interpersonal, business, and strategic skills all have separate outcomes and importance...
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...1.2. LEADERSHIP THEORIES – FROM GREAT MAN THEORY TO TRANSACTIONAL THEORY A review of the leadership literature reveals an evolving series of 'schools of thought' from “Great Man” and “Trait” theories to “Transformational” leadership (see table). Whilst early theories tend to focus upon the characteristics and behaviours of successful leaders, later theories begin to consider the role of followers and the contextual nature of leadership. * Great man theories. This theory is based on the belief that leaders are extraordinary people, born with innate qualities, destined to lead by nature. The utilization of the term 'man' was made by purpose since until the latter part of the twentieth century leadership was thought of as a concept which is primarily male, military and Western. This first approach led to the next school of Trait Theories. * Trait theories - The lists of traits or qualities associated with leadership exist in abundance and continue to be produced. They draw on virtually all the adjectives in the dictionary which describe some positive or virtuous human attribute, from ambition to zest for life. * Behaviourist Theories - These concentrate on what leaders actually do rather than on their qualities. Different patterns of behaviour are observed and categorised as 'styles of leadership'. This area has probably attracted most attention from practising managers * Situational Leadership - This approach sees leadership as specific to the situation in which...
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...Report on leadership theores 1.0 Introduction A distinction of leadership from management suggested by Gold, Thorpe and Mumford, (2010:26) indicates that Managers plan, set targets, allocate resources and steps to achieving goals while at the same time organising human resources with the aim to delegate responsibilities. The role is control motivated and focuses on completion of tasks. Whereas, Leaders are accountable for envisioning based on direction, communication, support, empowerment to instil strength and unity in the workforce. Leaders encompass motivation and inspiration in subordinates though involvement in the process, recognising and rewarding success while nurturing informal relationships and networks. Early leadership theories focused on the leaders and which qualities distinguished leaders and followers, the notion of Great man theory which Bass suggests (in Northouse: 15) is the notion of heroic leaders that are born not made, like Mohandas Gandhi. Leadership theories evolved from great man though trait theories, behaviourist theories, situational leadership, contingency theory and on to transactional and transformational leadership. The progression of theories highlights a shift in generic characteristics and behaviors of leaders to recognition of the importance of responding to different situations and contexts and the leaders’ role in relation to followers. (Gosling, Marturano, and Dennison. 2003:6) Great man theory developed in the mid-19th century was...
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...northern region of Louisiana. As an employee of Agape Hospice; the perfect position would be director of marketing. My leadership style demonstrates a concern for people as well as task; with task being the priority. To be an employee for a Hospice group, the concern for people is very important. However; accomplishing a task creates security and a sense of accomplishment in the organization. Hospice provides “comforting care that emphasizes quality of life” (Hospice, 2011, pg. 1). This requires a concern for the needs of people. The mission of hospice is “serving faithfully as your partner through the final stages of a journey we know as life” (Hospice, 2011, pg 1). Hospice requires a sense of passion and concern with emphasize on task to accomplish a goal of security and serenity. Leadership style The leadership style most associated with my role in an organization is trait approach. Trait approach focuses on the personality, motives, and values of the leader. Trait approach is an adequate leadership style for a director of marketing because motive is an important issue in hospice care. The motive of hospice is to increase the patient census while offering a quality of life in the final stages of life. However; based upon the assessment “What’s My Leadership Style” (Phoenix, 2007, Section II, B.1), task is the most important. The leadership style assessment indicates an importance in getting the job done, whereas the concern for people focuses are group...
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...An Evaluation of Leadership Style, Process and Procedure of Simon Cowell The Founder and CEO of SYCO Student Name Instructor’s Name Course Date INTRODUCTION The concept of leadership is a relevant subject in 20th century and the early years of the 21st century (Northouse, 2004). Leadership can be described as a way of social control that sees a person getting the support and aid of others on completing a specific task (Adair, 2005). Thus, effective leadership is the ability to effectively incorporate and exploit existing resources within an organization for the accomplishment of the goals and objectives of such organization (Northouse, 2004). The issue of leadership continues to be a famous concept. Despite the fact that lots has been written about leadership, the importance of leadership has not diminished. According to Cohen (2009), “leadership always matters and continues to be more matter as time goes on”. This report considers the leadership style of Simon Cowell, the CEO and founder of SYCO, as a transformational leader that has tremendous impact on organisational change of the company. The report reviews leadership theories and concepts such as traits, styles and skills. The report clearly follows the chronological development of leadership theories and focus on Simon Cowell as a leader, the leadership environment and the leadership relationship. This report also explores possible links between theories and Simon Cowell’s leadership. It takes a holistic...
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...Traits and Skills Theory: A Doctoral Learner Comparison Approach in Understanding Leadership Traits and Skills Patricia Faison Grand Canyon University LDR 802 August 21, 2013 Traits and Skills Theory: A Doctoral Learner Comparison Approach in Understanding Leadership Traits and Skills Two empirical research studies were compared in the comparison matrix. The articles were located in the Grand Canyon University library. Article one written by Connelly, et al. (2000), is entitled: “Exploring the Relationship of Leadership Skills and Knowledge to Leader Performance.” Article two written by Baum and Locke (2004) is entitled:” The Relationship of Entrepreneurial Traits, Skill, and Motivation to Subsequent Venture Growth.” Article one examines leadership characteristics and capabilities. Article two contributes to the understanding of personal characteristic and the effects they may have on entrepreneur, was to examine military leaders, and civilian leadership skills which are critical in being a successful leader. Connelly, et al (2000) argues that, “the nature of the leader capacities impact leader behavior and performance.” Baum and Locke (2004) study “contributes to the revival of interest in understanding the effects of entrepreneurs’ personal characteristics importance between relationship of traits and subsequent venture growth among entrepreneurs.” Connelly, et al (2000) calculated the impacts of leadership skills, and knowledge in addition to the relationship of leader...
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...Three Leadership Approaches Leadership approaches are behaviors are traits that leaders use. All leaders have something in common. What style of leadership is mostly effective depends on a particular situation. There are three kinds of leadership approaches. The trait approach is about identifying different personality traits and characteristics that are connected to successful leadership in so many different situations. This approach is based on belief that ability to lead was something that people were simply born with. Trait approach focuses on the personal attributes of leaders, such as physical, personal characteristics; competencies and values. This approach gives more credit to the qualities a person was born with rather than what they develop in a relationship with followers. This style is characteristic of ones who others see as “born leaders”. This theory believes that if you can identify people with right traits, you can identify leaders. Research was done, and it was found that traits can be learned as well. Traits are strongly associated with person’s perception of leadership. One doesn’t become a leader based on traits, but working relationship between leader and group members, and changing situations. Trait leadership approach works well for organizations with managers in leadership position that have specific traits. School is a good example of an organization in this position. Behavioral leadership approach focuses on the study of specific behavior of...
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...Chronicle Entry Groneg Francois U04A1 Leadership Learning Chronicle, Parts 1 and 2 Dr. Bostain Capella University Unit 1 and 2 were about getting knowledge on what leadership is and what types of leaders are there. The definition of leadership has been in between two options, some believe you are born with it others believe you can develop such traits and skills. According to our text, Rost (1991) discovered over 200 definitions for leadership while studying materials from 1900 to 1990 (Northouse, 2013). Something that stood out to me was according to a trait perspective; it is believed that certain people are born with leadership traits. This approach assumes that only certain people are capable of being leaders and that the traits and skills cannot be learned. The trait approach also only focuses on the leader and not the followers or the situation. This perspective does identify specific traits that are associated with leadership and include: intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity and sociability. The skills approach assumes a broader perspective and takes into consideration personality traits along with skills and abilities. Career experiences and environmental influences are also taken into contemplation since both can have a significant impact on leadership effectiveness (Northouse, 2013). The important aspect of leadership is the social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task...
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...Report on THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON MOTIVATION IN WORK ORGANIZATIONS Submitted to: Lorin Walker, Manager and Gary Hart, Instructor for OB 689R Submitted by: Leonard Winegar April 20, 1977 i ABSTRACT This report is an evaluation of leadership style as it affects motivation and productivity in work organizations. The terms pertinent to this work are first defined. Historical and current theories are then presented and discussed. Theory understanding and implementation are essential to increase motivation in the organization. Data from leadership style studies is presented showing that situational determinants, traits, and wide style range are essential to promote motivation and effective leadership. There is no single "narrow" leadership style for all occasions rather the whole leader is needed for optimum productivity. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................i TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................ii I. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1 II. LEADERS DEFINED...............................................................................................................2 Leadership and Leadership Style Illuminated...........................................
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...I. Introduction Leadership has gained more attention of researchers from the whole world. Leadership is needed to corporations because it could bring extra assets to organizations and increase the line of bottom ultimately. There is a wide variety of theoretical approaches to analysis the complexities process of leadership. The essay will introduce three main leadership approaches: Trait approach, Situational & Contingency approach and Transformational approach. These approaches have their similarities and distinction. Compare and contrast these three research strands and critically discuss what they contribute to our understanding of leadership effectiveness. Discuss with example to indentify how I understand about these approaches by using real organization and how they work and help the organizations more efficiency. II. Three Leadership Approaches 1. The Trait Approach As one of the earliest theories of leadership, Trait approach suggests that certain individuals have special inborn characteristics or qualities which support people to be leaders, and that it is these qualities that differentiate them from non-leaders. (Northouse P.G 2013) Personal attributes or characteristics of leaders, such as physical and personality trait, competencies and values are the key ideas of trait approach. (Gardner. J.W 1989) Self-confidence, intelligence, ambition, perseverance, assertiveness, emotional stability, creativity, and motivation such a list of characteristics is...
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...they have leadership. Whether he or she is a leader or employee has leadership who can be a leader. Since leadership is a process and it include influence (Northouse 2012). Different approaches define different style of leadership. There is no any perfect leader in the world. The so-called gains will lose, every approach of leadership have their pro and con. Actually, every approach of leadership may have some same point in it. Observation carefully, you will know each leadership has their special thing and it influence themselves and their follower directly or indirectly. Definition of three theories Trait approach In the leadership research history, trait approach is the oldest approach and is a first leadership approach attempts to study. Until 1940, people believe leader’s ability is born, so they can be a leader, instead of train by acquired. Therefore, many researches focus on internal. Stogdill (1974) list 10 traits that leader should have. For the reason that you want to find a leader, it just to find the people whose trait can fit your job require. However, it hard to define trait and there must have more than 10 traits can act in concert with leader. In addition, it is hard to train or develop a people who do not have those trait that they to be a people who having those trait. Different people hold different traits and the traits will not be same. In the selection process, it is hard to find a good leader. Transformational leadership theory In...
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...more individuals has ever existed without leadership. For organizations to function with some degree of efficiency, effective leadership is an absolute. In the summary that follows, the writer will briefly describe eight key leadership approaches designed to achieve maximum human output. In addition, he will identify the primary characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of the theories mentioned. The writer will also explain the organizational circumstances under which each theory would be most effective. Even though experts continue to seek the perfect workplace model, each of the techniques discussed has played an important role in best management practices. Transactional and Transformational Leadership The first of the eight approaches that will be discussed is transactional and transformational leadership. Transactional leaders influence subordinates toward task completion through the use of reward and punishment. The practice where leaders give something of significance to follower’s in exchange for performing certain tasks. The leader incentivizes desired behaviors by offering subordinates something valuable such as increased salary, bonuses, or promotion. The follower, in turn, is expected to complete their obligations in a satisfactory manner. Opposite of reward, the leader may take away future opportunity or incentive or may use a demotion or another punishment to solicit desired performance. Transactional leadership also involves promises or commitments rooted...
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