...PDHPE Assessment Task 2 Health Report Question 1. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders experience many health inequities compared to non-Indigenous Australians, these include: • Lower life expectancy: Indigenous Australians have lower life expectancy than non-Indigenous Australians. For example: Indigenous boys born between 2010 and 2012 can expect to live to 69.1 years and Indigenous girls to 73.7 years compared with 79.7 for non-Indigenous boys and 83.1 for non-Indigenous girls. • Higher hospitalisations: Indigenous Australians have higher hospitalisation rates compared to non-Indigenous Australians due to their poorer health status. For example: Indigenous Australians were hospitalised for potentially preventable conditions nearly 4 times as often as non-Indigenous Australians between July 2010 and June 2012. • More likely to smoke: Indigenous Australians are more likely to take part in health risk behaviors such as smoking, which contributes to poorer health status. For example: Two out of 5 Indigenous Australians aged 15 and over (41%) were current daily smokers in 2012–13, which, after adjusting for age, was more than twice the rate of smoking among non-Indigenous Australians in 2011–12. • Lower rates of physical activity: Physical inactivity rates are significantly higher in the Indigenous population than in the non-Indigenous population. For...
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...and Four. One article is a qualitative research study, and the other is a quantitative research study. Identify which article is which, and then complete the table where applicable. Write no more than three sentences in each cell of the table. Qualitative: Living with Incurable Cancer at the End of Life-Patients’ Perceptions of Quality of Life Quantitative: Dance and movement program improves quality-of-live measures in breast cancer survivors Qualitative Quantitative Research question What is the patients’ perception of quality of life in incurable cancer at the end of life? What effect does dance and movement have on breast cancer survivor’s quality of life? Problem Can illness affect a patient’s quality of life perceptions? Can dance and movement affect quality of life and shoulder function in breast cancer survivors that were treated in the last 5 years? Purpose To evaluate what an incurably ill person’s perspective of quality of life is. To analyze the effects of dance and movement on shoulder function and quality of life for cancer survivors who were treated within the past 5 years. Hypothesis To show that quality of life at the end of life has a positive meaning for patients with incurable cancer by using five themes of relevance relating to quality of life and to use individual patient strategies to relive pain via emotional and physical distractions. According to WHO (2005), The nurses has to give the best quality of care for the patients and their families...
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...Augustus Waters of the novel The Fault in Our Stars by John Green. It is about the reality of two young teenagers facing love, life, and death in a different way than most people. The story of Hazel Grace and Augustus Waters proves and exposes the realistic lives of what people with cancer experience, the love two people can share, and the depressing truth of death. John Green was able to capture the truth behind these three phenomenons through his own personal journey with a young girl named Esther Earl in which he helped her face cancer, love, and death. There is time when the word “cancer” is too heavy of a word for some people to pronounce, knowing people who have lost their lives to it or are suffering through it at this very moment. Imagine a person living with cancer, most people see a hairless and lifeless human being just waiting for their time. The Fault in Our Stars shows the truth behind real cancer patients and how they live their lives. Although people living with cancer may have obstacles or they are unable to do certain things all people have that challenge for something and that’s what John Green wanted to prove. Hazel Grace is 16 years old living with stage 4 thyroid cancer and has been for the past 3 years. When Hazel is first described she walks around relying on an oxygen tank, hair slowly growing in, and in need of help but further into the novel she is proved to be different. Hazel is given an opportunity to travel the across the world to go on an...
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...treatments for the disease. Then, I will discuss how Hodgkin disease affects everyday life of a person who suffers from it. “Hodgkin disease also known as Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. Cells in the lymphatic system grow abnormally and may spread beyond the lymphatic system” (mayoclinic.org, 2014).” Hodgkin disease is a type of lymphoma, a cancer that starts in white blood cells” (The American cancer society, 2015). There are two types of this disease Hodgkin disease and Non-Hodgkin disease. “The two types differ in how they behave, spread, and respond to treatment. So it is important to tell them apart. Doctors can usually tell the difference by looking at the cancer cells under a microscope or by doing special lab tests. Both children and adults can develop Hodgkin disease” (The American cancer society, 2015). Hodgkin disease spreads through the lymph vessels. “Because lymphoid tissue is in many parts of the body, Hodgkin disease can start almost anywhere. Most often it starts in lymph nodes in the upper part of the body. The most common sites are in the chest, neck or under the arms. It spreads lymph node to lymph node. Rarely and late in the disease it can invade the bold stream and spread to other parts of the body, including the liver, lungs, and/or bone marrow” (The American cancer society, 2015). Some signs and symptoms include “painless swelling of lymph nodes persistent fatigue, fever and chills, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite...
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...Almost all of the 7.6 billion people living on this planet are living healthy, active lives. Yet, this is not true for the over 14.5 million adults and children that are living with cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, cancer is a disease in which part of the cells in the body divide without stopping, and they spread throughout the cancer victim. There are many varieties of cancer, and they can affect all ages, including children. While cancer is treatable, there isn’t a specific “cure” yet. As a preschooler, Ellee Large, a young girl from Abingdon, Virginia, loved riding her trike. Ellee rode one hundred laps during the St. Jude Trike-A-Thon - a fundraiser for St. Jude. However, when Ellee was six years old, she was diagnosed...
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...Many of the marks that evolutionary history has left on our bodies are invisible. Lactose tolerance, a predisposition towards diabetes, genes that contribute to breast cancer, and many other inconspicuous traits are legacies of the paths that our ancestors took as they left or stayed in Africa between 60 and 125 thousand years ago. However, other markers of these unique evolutionary histories are perfectly obvious, perhaps most notably skin color. It's clear that people whose ancestors hail from different parts of the earth have differently colored skin and that this is related to how much of the sun's radiation hits that part of the planet. The less radiation, the lighter the native population's skin color tends to be. This is a great example of recent evolution in human populations. But what if we go back deeper in our evolutionary history, back to when all of humanity lived in Africa? At that time, all humans had darkly pigmented skin. A new study sheds light on how and why this skin pigmentation evolved. Where's the evolution? Humans have different skin colors because we have different amounts and kinds of the pigment melanin in our skin. Our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees, have pale skin without melanin underneath their dark fur, and almost certainly the ancestor that we share with chimps did too. So how did the early members of the human branch of the tree of life get from hair-covered light skin to hairless dark skin? Researchers have many competing hypotheses...
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...EFFECT OF BREAST CANCER ON WOMEN The diagnosis of cancer and it sequelae has a direct impact on the patient, family and community. It however has a deeper impact on women. Women are in most cases the foundation of the family unit. Therefore when a woman is diagnosed with any type of cancer, the family’s social, psychological and financial dynamics after diagnosis are forever changed. The possibility of death is moved to the forefront of their lives. Living with breast cancer (before and after treatment) is difficult. After diagnosis and before treatment, there is a cycle of fear, depression, desperation, denial and acceptance. During treatment, there is anguish over the loss of one’s body image. This is true particularly when the treatment involves chemotherapy or radiation where the individual loses (i.e. their hair, smooth skin) aspects of their personal appearance by which they once identified as being unique to themselves. In the case where the treatment is surgery (i.e. mastectomy either total or partial) the individual grieves the loss of that body part more so than the loss of the hair. In their minds hair can be re-grown, a breast cannot. As a result of this, socialization with others and intimate relationship with their spouse becomes difficult. The relationship with the children changes due to the side effects of chemotherapy which make normal activities difficult. After the course of treatment is over, the woman has to readjust to life after cancer because she realizes...
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...Lung cancer is one of the leading killers of people today. I know it’s a serious thing. I know it can be very dangerous. I also know that smoking cigarettes is one of the main reasons why people get lung cancer in the first place. But there are a lot of things I don’t know. What exactly is lung cancer? How does it form? What are the symptoms? What other things cause it? What kind of treatment do people go through to cure it? How likely is it to die from lung cancer? Who suffers from lung cancer the most? After searching the Internet, I found many websites relating to lung cancer. Lung cancer, by the name, is cancer that starts in the lungs. As you breathe, air travels through the nose, down the windpipe, in the lungs and through tubes called bronchi. Usually, lung cancer begins in the cells that line the bronchi. The most common types of lung cancer are called non-small cell lung cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer usually grows and spreads faster than any other type. There are three common forms of non-small cell lung cancer. The first is adeonicarcinomas. This is usually found in the outer area of the lung. The second is squamous cell carcinomas. This is usually found in the center of the lung. The third is large cell carcinomas which can happen in any part of the lung. Non-small cell lung cancers come in four stages. In stage I, the cancer is just in the lung. In stages II and III, the cancer is in the lung and might also be in the lymph nodes. Stage IV of lung cancer...
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...with breast cancer. The goal of the research was to determine if these care coordination models eliminated institutional barriers experienced by patients trying to coordinate breast care in a complex healthcare system. It also evaluated the effectiveness of the navigator role as it supports the elimination of barriers to care for minorities and women living in low-income and underserved communities. This study reviewed the results from surveys given to women being treated for breast cancer at different hospitals, and cancer clinics to determine if navigation improves patient access to appropriate evidence-based healthcare. The findings showed higher patient satisfaction and compliance, continuity of care, decreased anxiety levels, and increased social support systems from families and friends when navigation services were provided. Key Words: Patient Navigator; Breast Care Coordinator; Breast Care Patient Navigator; Breast Cancer in Women; Current Studies involving Breast Cancer Introduction Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death and the most common disease found in women living in the United States (Basu, Linebarger, Gabram, Patterson, Amin, & Ward, 2013). The American Cancer Society estimates at least 207,090 women will be diagnosed annually with invasive breast cancer (Kober, Padula, Gray, & Powell, 2011). The mortality rate for breast cancer remains high among ethnic minorities and women living in underserved...
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...In the book, Steingraber explains that investing in green energy will help prevent cancer, since synthetic chemicals linked to cancer come mostly from petroleum and coal. Saving the planet then becomes a matter of saving ourselves. The science in the text strengthens the case for banning poisons now pervasive in our air, our food, our water and our bodies. In this second edition of Living Downstream, Steingraber describes her experience of watchful waiting, the process of making a film adaptation and the latest scientific developments in the field of environmental cancer research. These developments are outlined in “six clear trends that have emerged in our understanding of the environment’s contribution to cancer.” Steingraber goes on to explain her personal and professional reasons for feeling hopeful, including the following two facts: First, we can do something about the environment’s influence on human cancer (unlike our genes, which we cannot alter). Second, the synthetic chemicals connected to cancer are largely derived from petroleum and coal; therefore, with investments in green energy we will investment in cancer prevention. The foreword concludes with the story of the “de-normalization” of smoking and a passionate call for the same precautionary approach to other known and suspected carcinogens. I myself do not smoke, but I am a victim of second hand smoke directly, because my mother smokes and has since I was born, (that is 22 years of second hand smoke). The...
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...( 2015-2016 ) Entry 3 C&G Entry level Extended Award in Employability Skills Entry 3 Project 1 - Induction MACMILLAN Coffee Morning Unit 311: Working as part of a team Bintu-May Maria-Erene Jalloh UNIT 311: Working as part of a team 1.1 State what is meant by the term team 1.2 List different types of team 1.3 Give an example of a successful team 1.4 List different roles in a team 2.1 List the factors that make an effective team work 2.2 List the benefits of effective team work 3.1 Identify the task of the team 3.3 Identify own role in achieving the team task 3.4 Identify others roles in achieving the team task 3.5 List the support and resources needed to help work towards the team task 4.1 Follow the plan 4.2 Suggest an improvement to the plan Task 1 A team is a group of people coming together for a cause or a purpose to be achieved for example they are teams in voluntary, non profit and charitable organizations. Non profit sectors, teams can be made up of trustees/management committee members, staff, volunteers and service-users. Large organizations usually have a mix of teams undertaking different functions, in smaller organizations the small group of people may carry out these different activities. I can think of 7 types of teams that serves the overall purpose of different types of teams. 1. STRATEGIC TEAMS: Strategic...
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...The main cause of Skin Cancer is exposure to the sun. Caucasians are more at risk for skin cancer because people with Darker Skin are more evolved to black out the sun. The age that Skin cancer typically occurs is after 50. The incidence of skin cancer is greater in older individuals. The amount of light reaches the North and South Poles in a predictable manner. The map shows all one color near the poles. The latitude that receives the greatest amount of UV light is the equator. Based on this information, the darkest pigmentation of skin is along the equator. The lightest Pigmentation of skin is near the poles. The more darkly pigmented skin will be near the equator because there is more UV light there, and the pigment protects the skin more. The graph describes the reflectiveness of skin at different locations. The pattern for skin reflectiveness is the skin is less reflective near the equator. The closer people are to the equator, thew more their skin needs protection. This means that their body produces a darker pigment. This gives the skin less reflectiveness. These findings match the answer to number 6. If there are lighter skin colors near the equator, it could mean the people migrated there many years ago, and their skin hasn't adapted yet. Skin colors have evolved because our bodies need to change to survive. The factor most likely to change our skin color is the amount of UV light our bodies get. In question 3, the answer...
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...SCI/163 Lung cancer. What is lung cancer? Is lung cancer a preventable disease? How can I receive help for treatment of lung cancer. These questions are of grave importance to humanity. Lung cancer is a disease where cancerous cells grow in the lungs. These cancerous cells are created when rogue cells in the human body, in this case cells in the lungs, divide uncontrollably. When these cancerous cells begin to grow in this manner, when they are not needed, a mass of tissues will form into a tumor. There are two types of tumors. The two types of tumors are malignant and benign. Malignant tumors can and will spread into nearby tissues causing severe damage. Whereas, a benign tumor does not spread into the surrounding tissue. There are two types of lung cancer. The first of which is Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. This type of cancer grows and spreads slowly, generally in the lungs. The second of the cancers is Small Cell Lung Cancer. This type of cancer can rapidly grow and spread to other parts of the body. Now you may ask yourself, “Are these cancers preventable?” Surprisingly, you may find the answer is no. You can help ensure your risk is lowered by taking several different preventative measures. In order to Take these preventative measures one must understand what the risk factors of lung cancer are. Risks of lung cancer include; smoking tobacco and being around others second hand smoke. Risks also come...
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...Augustus Waters of the novel The Fault in Our Stars by John Green. It is about the reality of two young teenagers facing love, life, and death in a different way than most people. The story of Hazel Grace and Augustus Waters proves and exposes the realistic lives of what people with cancer experience, the love two people can share, and the depressing truth of death. John Green was able to capture the truth behind these three phenomenons through his own personal journey with a young girl named Esther Earl in which he helped her face cancer, love, and death. There is time when the word “cancer” is too heavy of a word for some people to pronounce, knowing people who have lost their lives to it or are suffering through it at this very moment. Imagine a person living with cancer, most people see a hairless and lifeless human being just waiting for their time. The Fault in Our Stars shows the truth behind real cancer patients and how they live their lives. Although people living with cancer may have obstacles or they are unable to do certain things all people have that challenge for something and that’s what John Green wanted to prove. Hazel Grace is 16 years old living with stage 4 thyroid cancer and has been for the past 3 years. When Hazel is first described she walks around relying on an oxygen tank, hair slowly growing in, and in need of help but further into the novel she is proved to be different. Hazel is given an opportunity to travel the across the world to go on an...
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...Colon cancer is a group of diseases that contains uncontrollable growth of cells. A collection of abnormal cells known as a tumor. cancer is diagnosed when a tumor is found and has the potential to spread. Cancer is a something that runs on my mothers side of the family, she has it as well. Cancer is a major disability and cause of death over 20% of all deaths are caused by some type of cancer. With not exactly having a cause of cancer there are test that can show whether you are at a high risk of catching cancer or not. A risk factor can be anything that can affect your chance of catching a disease is a risk factor. Some are hereditary and can not be controlled while others you can controll. The risk factors that can be controlled is your diet and exercise, your current and future behavior, environmental exposures, things such as tobacco use and other chemicals. The ones that are uncontrollable are the ones that are hereditary or in family history, environmental exposure, and behaviors that you may have contributed to in the past. Some lifestyle choices you may make in your life to decrease your risk for catching cancer can be to maintain your diet and exercise, also to make sure you keep up with maintaining healthy behaviors. To maintain your diet make sure you eat healthy add fruits into your diet as well as vegetables. When adding fruit to your diet on a daily basis at least 3 servings of fruit can reduce the risk of you having a stroke, heart attack, and also from catching...
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