...Blood cancer has been a growing concern, with the rising numbers of death in children and adults, and a limitation on medication, technology and small of number of oncologist. There are series of education that are required to train and educate a doctor and then specialize in specific department. Basic education is required to further one’s study in the field of medicine from pre-kindergarten through high school. Requirements can vary depending on the country it’s being pursued in. In the United States after graduating form high school four years of pre-requisites on pre-medicine is required. These four years consist of 2 years of basic state mandatory classes and other advance science and health classes depending on the major being pursued....
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...A cancer diagnosis at any age can be devastating and scary, but when it is a child that is diagnosed the devastation is even more profound. The diagnosis is not just a diagnosis for the child; it is a diagnosis for the entire family. It will uniquely affect each member at the time of diagnosis, during the course of treatment, and during the survivorship phase and will have a direct effect on how they cope. Treatment for a childhood cancer can be much longer than that of an adult treatment plan and the lengthy road can take its toll on everyone. Often times the focus remains on the patient alone and the parents and siblings become casualties of the disease process. The diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescent with cancer has tremendous and lasting effects on an entire family. Overview of Pediatric Cancer Cancers of any kind during childhood are rare. Childhood cancer accounts for less than two percent of all cancers diagnosed each year. About 150 to 160 per 1,000,000 children or around 12,000 children in total will be diagnosed in any given year (Abrams & Kurtz, 2011). The most common form of pediatric cancer is leukemia and more specifically acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Other tumor types include germ cell tumor, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, neuroblastoma, acute myeloid leukemia, Wilms tumor, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, thyroid carcinoma, melanoma, retinoblastoma and Ewing’s sarcoma (Abrams, et al. 2011)...
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...General Report on Families and Children Dealing with Cancer Beverly Sylvia HCA/240 April 6, 2012 Shannon White Causes and Risk Factors When you find out your child has cancer, most parents wonder what they did wrong, what could they have done to prevent it, and often times wish they could trade places with their children. Truth of the matter is, there are probably some causes and factors that could have been changed on the parent’s part to make the possibilities of their child getting cancer less likely. Then there are those causes that no one could have stopped. Many children inherit DNA changes from their parents which can increase their risks for cancer. Since it is in a child’s DNA, then tests can be done on different cells in the child’s body to determine if they are a candidate for cancer. However, there are causes of childhood cancer that are not genetically related. “They are the result of DNA changes that happened early in the child’s life, sometimes even before birth. Every time a cell prepares to divide into 2 new cells, it must copy its DNA. This process is not perfect, and errors sometimes occur, especially when the cells are growing quickly. This type of gene mutation can happen at anytime in life and is called acquired mutation (American Cancer Society, 2012).” The American Cancer Society, also states that the “reasons for DNA changes that cause the vast majority of childhood cancers are unknown.” Prevention and Detection Of course...
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...phenomenon * How has promise of medical breakthroughs influenced: media culture and patients expectations relationship between medicine and media place of medicine in American political culture How and why does the medical community use media to communicate with public? Increasingly interdependent spheres w/ differing perspectives on vision of media’s role is in “media-ted” world What makes health “news”? Producing Medical Heroes How and why has American society selected its medical heroes? How has this changed over time? What functions do depictions of heroic doctors (Walter Reed, and House, M.D.) and patients serve? How have fictional medical characters – in novels, Hollywood films, on TV – shaped expectations of medical culture? VD, HIV, and the Media How did the media contribute to the publics perception of venereal diseases and HIV? What images (both visual, and stories told to make a point) came most powerfully to cultural prominence? What were the aims of medical and public health authorities, the state, and media professionals in working to make those images publically visible? What role did the media play in changing public’s image of HIV? Stigmatization, Destigmatization, and Medical Illnesses Ways portrayal of medical condition in media contributes to a stereotype in society? How does representation influence publics perception of a particular medical condition? Some consequences of stereotype portrayed in media? The Promise...
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...Introduction The last few years have seen an increase in research in the treatment of childhood cancer. Such research is essential for understanding common challenges that arise after the difficult cancer diagnosis experience and may lead to better strategies and interventions for anticipating and mitigating the adverse impact of cancer on the child and his or her family giving a more holistic approach to care. From this case study, one can immediately notice that family Cauchi have passed through a lot of hardships over a short period of time. Over three weeks they have faced the diagnosis of cancer, prolonged hospitalisation, and a disrupted routine, together with surgical and invasive procedures, intensive treatment along with adverse side-effects, as well as changes in the child’s body image and in his habitual personality. In its first section, this assignment will give an overview of the initial diagnosis and acute phase of the leukaemia treatment. In light of literature, the following section will discuss and evaluate interventions carried out to prevent, reduce and manage adverse side-effects, in order to maintain the overall physical health of the child. Subsequently, the impact of the illness experience on the child, sibling and the parents is addressed from a psychological, social and spiritual point of view. The nurse’s role in providing support, information and education throughout hospitalisation, as well as in preparation for discharge, is outlined...
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...ENC1101 0KM 14 October 2014 Invasion Catalysts Cancer, one of the ugliest disease in the world shows no mercy to its victims. Especially for a child who just started to see the glimpse of life, cancer might leave scares impossible to wipe away. Study showed that children who went through cancer have a high probability of exposure to Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSS) and other psychological problems. In addition, other factors which include but are not limited to cancer treatments, the period of amount the cancer lasted in the child’s life and the type of cancer the child had contribute to PTSS. On 2010, Joseph M. Currier, Lisa E. Jobe-Shields and Sean Phipps conducted a research on Stressful Life Events and Posttraumatic...
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...meant by the term team 1.2 List different types of team 1.3 Give an example of a successful team 1.4 List different roles in a team 2.1 List the factors that make an effective team work 2.2 List the benefits of effective team work 3.1 Identify the task of the team 3.3 Identify own role in achieving the team task 3.4 Identify others roles in achieving the team task 3.5 List the support and resources needed to help work towards the team task 4.1 Follow the plan 4.2 Suggest an improvement to the plan Task 1 A team is a group of people coming together for a cause or a purpose to be achieved for example they are teams in voluntary, non profit and charitable organizations. Non profit sectors, teams can be made up of trustees/management committee members, staff, volunteers and service-users. Large organizations usually have a mix of teams undertaking different functions, in smaller organizations the small group of people may carry out these different activities. I can think of 7 types of teams that serves the overall purpose of different types of teams. 1. STRATEGIC TEAMS: Strategic teams provide leadership and direction for the organization, keep in touch with the external environment, set key objectives, develop strategy and monitor progress, this is the role of boards of trustees and senior management teams. 2. MANAGEMENT TEAMS: Management teams set more detailed objectives...
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...trigger profound and damaging changes in the body. (Better Health Channel). According to the 1192 report of the journal of the American Medical Association, about 40000 people die from passive smoking. Because passive smoking would be more deadly to the public especially children, smoking should be banned in public places. Smoking in public areas leads to secondhand smoking which causes lung cancer in adults and also causes cancer in children who have not previously exhibited symptoms, sudden infant death syndrome and increased risk of lower respiratory track infections, such as pneumonia and bronchitis in children under 6 years old. ) Secondhand smoke is a mixture of the smoke given off by the burning end of a cigarette, or cigar, and the smoke exhaled by smokers. Secondhand smoke is also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and exposure to secondhand smoke is sometimes called involuntary or passive smoking. Secondhand smoke contains more than 4,000 substances, several of which are known to cause cancer in humans or animals. EPA has concluded that exposure to secondhand smoke can cause lungs cancer in adults who do not smoke. EPA estimates that exposure to secondhand smoke causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths per year in nonsmokers. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2004). According to the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines for Europe’s Report (2000) “Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to increase the risks for a variety of health effects...
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...According to The American Journal of Health Promotion, the definition of health promotion in defined as the art and science of helping people discover the synergies between their core passions and optimal health, enhancing their motivation to strive for optimal health, and supporting them in changing their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health (The American Journal of Health Promotion Website, 2011). Nurses play a vital role in health promotion; we have multiple interactions with patients and families everyday in which we can promote health. Teachable moments present themselves at various times and this is where nurses can capitalize on their knowledge and skill as educators and patient advocates to empower people make decisions that promote optimal health (Chiverton et al., 2003). The purpose of health promotion in nursing practice is for the nurse to use the nurse-patient relationship to empower and educate so that the overall population will become aware of the importance of preventing disease rather then treating an illness. The role of the nurse is evolving from caring for the sick to keeping the population well. Caring for the healthy can very well become more important of a task for a nurse then caring for the sick. As previously stated, nurses will shift their focus to teaching patients how to be healthy and remain healthy. It is the responsibility of the nurse to use every interaction with a patient into an educational intervention (Hartford, 2009). Implementation...
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...According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, “A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer” (American Cancer Society, 2013). “There are a few known risk factors for childhood leukemia” (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, “Genetic risk factors are those that are part of our DNA (the substance that makes up our genes)” (American Cancer Society, 2013). The genetic risk factor is what we get from our parents that is most of the time inherited (American Cancer Society, 2013). “Most cases of leukemia are not linked to any known genetic causes” (American Cancer Society, 2013). * Other risk factors of leukemia would be “inherited disorders, this can increase a child’s risk of developing leukemia” (American Cancer Society, 2013). Here is a listed of syndromes: “Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Klinefelter syndrome, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome” (American Cancer Society, 2013). According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, “Certain inherited diseases cause children to be born with immune system problems” (American Cancer Society, 2013). “These include: Ataxia telangiectasia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and Bloom syndrome” (American Cancer Society, 2013). * According to the American Cancer Society (2013) states, “Lifestyle-related risk factors are important in many adult cancers, but they are unlikely to play a role in most childhood cancers” (American Cancer Society, 2013). “Environmental...
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...Cancer is very uncommon in children, but it does happen. Cancer does not discriminate. The most common types of childhood cancers are leukemia, lymphoma, and brain cancer. It takes control of your body's nutrition, strength, organs, bones, and your defense system. Most cancers in children result from mutations in the genes of growing cells. Sadly, there is no way of preventing this. Normally at your child’s regular check up, the doctor is the first to detect that something is abnormal. Some of the first symptoms you may see could be fever, swollen glands, anemia, and frequently occurring infections. Doctors and parents may suspect a more common illness before assuming cancer. If it is diagnosed as cancer, there are treatments that can help manage pain, remove or slow the growth of cancer cells, and sometimes even lead to...
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...Sarcoma when he was in his mid-20s; it was found in his leg. He lived with this rare cancer for 10 years before he passed away from it. He died before I was born, so I didn’t know anything about it. Years later when I was a teenager my cousin Joe was diagnosed with the same type of cancer, he was also in his 20s. Joe’s cancer was found in his chest, he didn’t live as long with the cancer. He passed when he was only 27. Joe and I were really close, so I got interested in the type of cancer. His doctor said that it was a rare type of cancer that was hereditary to the identical. This made me very interested. Looking at pictures of Joe and my Uncle Herm you could not tell them apart. I wanted to know if it is true that Ewing’s Sarcoma is hereditary to the identical because there were two people in my family that were diagnosed with this type of cancer and they were identical. Joe never had any children, so if the cancer is hereditary to the identical then the cancer gene stopped with him. Ewing’s Sarcoma is a very rare cancer in adults; it has usually spread to other parts of the body when it is detected. Ewing’s Sarcoma is a form of bone cancer and is typically found in teenagers when they undergo growth spurts, but it can occur at any age. Ewing’s Sarcoma is very rare in adults. Ewing’s Sarcoma accounts for about one to two percent of childhood cancers. There are about 225 children and adolescents diagnosed with Ewing’s Sarcoma in the United States each year (Brigham...
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...testing to rule out renal cancer. Unfortunately, the moment the word cancer comes out, nothing else is heard. My mother and I stayed on the phone for a few minutes longer, but everything else she said remained a mystery because I could not stop hearing the word cancer and I was petrified. To make matters worse, my mother speaks very little English and I could not accompany her to the clinic because it was the end of a semester and I had too many finals. A few days later, I arranged with the school to miss a final exam and accompanied...
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...Recently, researchers at Arizona State University took the feces of healthy children and compared it to those of Autistic children (Moyer). Fifty of the types of bacteria found in the healthy children and autistic children’s bacteria differed in levels. In 2013, Italian researchers discovered that fewer Bifidobacterium, which promote good health, were found in the feces of children with autism (Moyer). Scientist had trouble understanding if unhealthy bacteria in the gut caused autism or if it was a result of it. Researchers at the California Institute of Technology tested this idea using mice. They injected healthy, pregnant mice with a virus like molecule (Moyer). Researchers saw that the mice’s offspring’s gut bacteria had changed. They treated these mice with Bacteroides fragilis, which rid the rodents of the behavioral symptoms (Moyer). Changing the bacteria in an autistic person’s intestines may not treat autism, but it could alleviate the behavioral symptoms that...
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...CARBOHYDRATE RELATED DISEASES Jay Cee Roa Valencia PhBio26 TTh 10:30 – 12:00 Carbohydrates are being shunned by health conscious, rather weight conscious, people. They have to understand that carbohydrate deficiency diseases and their manifestations are certain to appear if there is too much exclusion of carbohydrates in the diet. All sources of food do contain carbohydrates, even animal products. However the carbohydrate level is very low in foods of animal origin with the exception of milk which contains good amount of lactose sugar. THE CAUSES OF CARBOHYDRATE DEFICIENCY DISEASES Normally, when balanced diet is consumed, carbohydrate short fall does not arise. If individuals undertake crash-dieting to achieve rapid weight loss by nutritional deprivations of carbohydrates, no doubt they may lose weight drastically in a short span of time. However, they may not be able to resist the cravings for the carbohydrates and soon by reverting to old food habits end up gaining weight. In case they are able to continue dieting, they may have to face many carbohydrate deficiency disease manifestations. People lacking food of plant origin, and people suffering chronic illness, poverty or starvation also experience deficiency diseases. HOW DOES CARBOHYDRATE DEFICIENCY OCCUR? The carbohydrates consumed by us are broken down by digestive enzymes into monosaccharides (glucose, fructose etc) and absorbed in the intestine. Once in the blood, the glucose is used for energy production...
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