...known as central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) is a hearing problem that affects about 5% of school-aged children. They may have a hard time tuning out background noise and find loud noises overwhelming. It may affect your ability to pinpoint a sound, tell which sound comes before another, distinguish similar sounds from one another (such as "seventy" and "seventeen") and enjoy music. DIAGNOSES: A pediatrician rules out other possibilities such as hearing loss related to an ear infection. A speech-language pathologist or school psychologist may also give your child tests that measure receptive language or listening comprehension skills as well as cognitive abilities. But only a trained audiologist can conduct the tests needed to make a diagnosis of APD. No matter how many symptoms of APD a child may have, only careful and accurate diagnostics can determine the underlying cause. It typically isn’t diagnosed until grade school, but there are some warning signs that can be detected in preschool. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: Auditory discrimination, auditory figure-ground discrimination, auditory memory, and auditory sequencing. Find it hard to follow spoken directions, especially multi-step instructions, saying “huh?” or “what?” often, easily distracted especially by background noise or loud and sudden noises, trouble with reading and spelling, they struggle with word math problems, trouble following conversation, poor musical ability, trouble learning songs or nursery rhymes...
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...What could be in a graveyard? As it turns out, everything. There was the sound of a church bell, and zombies came out and about everywhere. Bats were flying overhead, and I could feel the gust of wind they created, the noise of wings beating. I heard a medley of odd noises. I thought they were the false cries of others, but as it turns out, a medley of noises equated to a medley of really odd gross things. Apart from the zombies and bats, there where ghouls, vampires, weird green things that looked like blobs, and off in the distance, what appeared to be a manticore. At this point, I was beyond screaming and crying and closing my eyes, I was wondering what was wrong with my...
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...least this way we know for sure if it will work or not. Dman those fucking neighbors upstairs are sooo annoying. They are very loud. I am running out of things to say so I am just typing whatever voice is in my head right now. Freaking people cannot drive. I am people are too loud, and don’t get me started on my cousin.. they don’t even trust their own kind.. family will be family. Ok ok ok you are right. It seems like no matter where you go, how much you shell out for rent, or how great the area is - there is almost always that one noisy, rude neighbor who is either completely oblivious of the world around them, or they're just flat out inconsiderate of others. While there are some noisy days that can be forgiven (New Year's Eve, for example) - frequent noise disturbance can become more than just a nuisance, and in some cases it can become an extremely serious issue. Tip #1 - Keep A Record! When having issues with a noisy neighbor - you should keep a record of dates and times when the noise was an issue - whether it was too loud, a minor annoyance or just plain overwhelming. While it's wishful thinking that the issue won't escalate to a true point of seriousness - it is better to be prepared and safe, rather than sorry later on. Tip #2 - Remain Polite At All Times! In some cases, your neighbor may simply be unaware that they're being too loud. Perhaps they simply have a heavy foot when walking across their floor (which may be your ceiling,) or they are unaware that their...
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...My family is deaf. All my aunts and uncles are deaf. We like to get together and have a good time while making a lot of noise, but it doesn't mean anything to us. My husband is deaf and we had a daughter who was born hearing. We were surprised that she was born hearing. That meant that we had to learn about how sound is interpreted by hearing people. I remember a funny story that I'd like to tell you now. One day, my hearing daughter brought her hearing friends over. They were all sitting in the living room while I was in the kitchen doing dishes and putting them away. My daughter came to me concerned and asked me “Mom, are you okay?” I looked at her confused and said “Yeah, I'm okay.” She said “Well, are you mad?” I said “No, I'm not mad.” She asked “Are you not feeling well?”. I said “No, I feel fine. Why do you ask?” My daughter said that they thought I was mad because I was making loud noises in the kitchen. I said “What do you mean?” She said “You were closing the drawers very hard and putting the dishes away very loudly. My friends said you were angry at me for not helping you clean.” I said “Oh, okay.” The next time she brought her friends over, I told myself “Okay, I got to be careful putting things away.” I cleaned everything very quietly and put everything away carefully, very different from my usual way of doing things in the past. When I was finished doing that, I was exhausted. My daughter came in and asked “Are you okay? You are being very quiet.” I...
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...Effects of Population Density and Noise Population density is a term described as the ratio of people and organisms in relation to the size of the area they inhabit. This ratio is derived by taking the number of people in the given area and diving the number by the area occupied. As of the 2010 Census, there were 308,745,538 people in the United States. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). This means the population density is on average 87.4 people per square mile in the United States. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). Some states, like California and Florida have a density of 200 people per square mile. These figures are a prime example of crowding in many places. As population density increases, the noise from the population is going to increase especially in crowded areas. As people are moving into smaller and more confined areas, the ability to maintain their privacy and a sense of territoriality will change and be forced to adapt. In order to understand how population density truly affects people, the concepts of noise, privacy, territoriality, and personal space must be acknowledged and applied to the subject of populations. Territoriality, Privacy, and Personal Space Individuals will experience proximity or closeness with every other person in the world at one time or another. Proxemics is the actual term used when describing the person-environmental associations and covers the terms of territoriality, crowding, and personal space. Territoriality The term territoriality...
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...The effects of populations and noise go hand-in-hand, or have a cause and effect relationship. If there are larger amounts of people in a smaller space, there will be more noise. The amount of noise a human can tolerate changes from each person’s own perspective. Most people have a desired level of noise, and a desired amount of personal boundaries. Cultural factors affect the way human beings determine what is appropriate personal space, or what is uncomfortable for each individual. Environment has a huge impact on what one considers privacy. The comfort level in which individuals interpret their own privacy varies, also has to do with how one is brought up and what their personal culture has taught him or her or privacy. For example, in certain cultures the people feel it is appropriate to keep the women covered up as much as possible. Traditional Muslims wear head pieces that cover everything except their eyes. African tribal groups will show their women wearing next to nothing, they may have their breasts exposed or it may be customary for the whole tribal community to wear nothing at all. If there is no stigma taught by the social norms of that society, then the people do not feel as though they are exposing themselves. Individuals are a product of their environment. If what they are doing is taught to be right, then they will not have the feeling that they are doing something wrong. Human territoriality is the predisposed feeling to control one’s own surroundings and...
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...is forced to listen to the groaning and screams coming from the tortured souls in order that he may come to a level of acceptance with those who are in the rings of the Inferno. We also see sounds imagery in Canto IV (4). “Breaking the deep sleep that filled my head,/ A heavy clap of thunder startled me up/ As though by force” (Canto IV lines 1-3). Since Dante was not yet accustomed to the Inferno, the Inferno woke him up with a loud clap of thunder in order that he may become better accustomed to the sounds of torture. Dante expected to hear tortured souls, especially because Virgil’s face became white with pity for the pain the virtuous pagans face in the first circle of the Inferno. But, we do not hear any suffering or shrills of torture. “Here we encountered/ No laments that we could hear-except for sighs/ That trembled the timeless air” (Canto IV lines 19-21). Dante describes the first ring of the Inferno as being silent, this represents a second poetic justice to their suffering. Even in silence, pain can be found. Sound imagery is usually a noise, but the beauty of...
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...noise pollution definition of noise noise is a sound ,especially one that is loud or unpleasant or that causes disturbance. Sources of noise pollution 1-Household sources Like food mixer, grinder ,vacuum cleaner ,washing machine and air conditioners can be very noisy and injurious to health. others include loud speakers of sound systems and TVS, ipods and ear phones. Another example may be your neighbor’s dog barking all night everyday at every shadow it see. 2-Social events Places of worship, parties and other social events also create a lot of noise for the people living in that area. In many market areas , people sell with loud speakers , others shout out offers and try to get customers to buy their goods. 3- transportation Think of aero planes flying over houses close to busy airports ,over ground and underground trains, cars , vehicles on road – these are making a lot of noise Effects of noise pollution Generally, problems caused by noise pollution include stress related illness, speech interference .hearing loss, sleep disruption , and lost productivity. Most importantly , there are two major effects 1- Hearing The immediate and acute effect of noise pollution to a person, over a period of time, is impairment of hearing. Prolonged exposure to impulsive noise to a person will damage their eardrum, which may result in permanent hearing 2- Effects on general health Include anxiety and stress reaction . the physiological manifestations are headaches...
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...Noise may be defined as any unwanted form of energy tending to interfere with the proper and easy reception and reproduction of signals. It may be subdivided according to type, source, effect, relation to the speaker, depending on circumstances. 1. External Noise. * Atmospheric Noise – consist of spurious radio components distributed a wide range of frequencies. Majority of these radio signals come from the natural sources of disturbance generally called static. * Extraterrestrial Noise * Solar Noise * Cosmic Noise * Industrial Noise – the intensity of noise made by humans easily outstrips that created by any other source, internal or external to the receiver. 2. Internal Noise * Thermal agitation noise – it is due to the rapid and random motion of molecules, atoms and electrons of which any such resistor is made up. Vn = 4kTδƒ R Example a. An amplifier operating the frequency rate from 18 to 20 MHz has a 10-kΩ input resistor. What is the rms noise voltage at the input to this amplifier if the ambient temperature is 27° C? Vn = 4kTδƒ R =4 x 1.38 x 3 x 2 x 10-11 = 1.82 x 10-5 = 18.2 μV * Shot noise – it is caused by random variations in the arrival of electrons at the output electrode of an amplifying device and thus as a randomly varying noise current superimposed on the output. 1.6 x 10-19 C in =2eip δf * Transmit Time Noise – if the time taken an electron to travel from the emitter to...
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...Noise 1. Calculate for the noise power if the temperature of the conductor is 290 K, the bandwidth is 200kHz. PN=kTB PN=1.38x10-23290(200kHz) PN=8.004x10-16 W 2. With a resistance of 200k ohms, a bandwidth of 500khz and a temperature of 500 K calculate for the noise voltage. VN=4kTBR VN=41.38x10-23500(500k) VN=1.17x10-7 V 3. Given a noise power of 3000kW and a bandwidth of 2.5Mhz. Compute for the noise density No=PNB No=3000kW2.5Mhz No=1.2 WHz 4. Given a noise temperature of 350K calculate for the noise factor. Teq=ToF-1 F=TeqTo+1 F=350290+1 F=2.2 5. With a bandwidth of 450 hz and a current of 50mA. Compute for the shot noise. IN=2BIq IN=(2(450)(50mA)(1.6x10-19) IN=2.68 nA 6. Calculate for the Bandwidth if the noise power is 500kW and the temperature is 279K PN=kTB B=PNkT B=500kW1.38x10-23279 B=1.3x1026Hz 7. If the noise voltage is 20V and the resistance and temperature is 200 ohms and 273 K respectively, calculate for the bandwidth. VN=4kTBR B=Vn24TR B=2024200(273) B=1.83x10-3Hz 8. Given a signal voltage of 55V and a noise voltage of 35 V calculate for the signal-to-noise ratio in decibel form. SNdB=20logVsVN SNdB=20log5535 SNdB=3.93 dB 9. Given a signal power 60W and a noise power of 43W. Calculate for the signal-to-noise ratio in decibel form. SNdB=10logPsPN SNdB=10log6043 SNdB=1.45 dB 10. Given a signal power 80W and a noise power of 33W. Calculate for...
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...Name: Tutor: Course: Date: Communication Quistion1 Noise is one of the obstacles to effective listening, and we define noise as any unwanted sound in any environment. Noise is a barrier to effective listening, and we can overcome this obstacle by one avoiding conversations in a noisy place secondly eliminating the source of the noise. Quistion2 Collaboration as a method of conflict management strategy refers to bringing together all the conflicting parties to find out the most appropriate solution to solve the problem. This method of conflict resolution is appropriate since it prevents further conflicts or advancing the level of conflict to a level that will be difficult to solve. Additionally collaboration is effective since it ensures all parties that were involved are satisfied in terms of the decision made to solve the conflict. Quistion3 Nonverbal communication can be used to pass information even without us knowing it, especially about our personality, thus none verbal communication can be used to enhance our self-confidence for example when giving a speech or talking to a single individual maintaining eye contact this shows that you have a strong personality and also a sense of responsibility in terms of believing in yourself. Quistion4 The first type of perceptual processing is sound this is the ability to distinguish sounds by detecting vibrations using our ears. Secondly, we will define speech, and we can say that speech is the process by which the sound...
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...One of the main challenges with outdoor gun ranges is the noise that they produce. It can be disturbing and problematic which makes them unwanted neighbors. Gun ranges and training facilities are good to have in our communities and neighborhoods for accessibility, training purposes, and government use. By reducing their sound, they would be more welcomed in communities, but this is the challenge that most gun ranges have not been able to solve. We should be able to discover the most efficient way to reduce sound decibels from an outdoor gun range. All firearms produce a blast of noise from the gun barrel due to the explosion propelling the bullet. The rounds fired in military rifles are supersonic. Supersonic bullets generate tiny sonic booms....
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...Financial Time Series Analysis Jiajing Sun University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 22 September 2013 J. Sun (UCAS) ARMA(1) 22 September 2013 1 / 23 Review As pointed out in the last week, the objective of studying …nancial time series analysis is to predict future values of some …nancial variable. This objective is achieved by following methodology based on: 1 2 3 4 Model Speci…cation; Model Estimation; Model Validation; Forecasting (or prediction) Note: The model to be used for forecasting is in fact estimated from history, i.e. data from the past is used to make probabilistic statements about future values. J. Sun (UCAS) ARMA(1) 22 September 2013 2 / 23 Stationarity Historical values are used to identify the dynamic properties of the time series (relationship between current and past values) and these are used to forecast the future. A critical assumption behind the methodology that we develop …rst in this course is that such dynamics do not change over time. In a heuristic sense, we require the future to be like the past in a probabilistic sense. This requirement is formalized by the concept of stationarity. J. Sun (UCAS) ARMA(1) 22 September 2013 3 / 23 Stationarity Strict Stationarity A time series Y is strictly stationary if its probabilistic distribution does not change over time. That is, for any k, the joint distribution of (Yt , Yt 1 , ..., Yt k +1 ) does not depend on t. In other words, the joint...
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...Rollin Luis NETW320 Professor Antoniou Week 2 HW assignment Silent suppression is a technique used to improve bandwidth utilization of voice circuits. Through silence suppression, a mechanism senses periods of inactivity in a voice conversation and simply ceases sending data associated. Silent suppression can be enabled to monitor signals for voice activity so that when silence is detected for a specified amount of time, the application informs the Packet Voice Protocol and prevents the encoder output from being transported across the network. To help understand silence suppression technology, consider this example: Some people talk all the time. Even they have to take a breath and they sometimes listen and are quiet. On a phone call, it is quite common that there is silence in one direction of the call while there is speech carried in the other direction. The public switched telephone network does not take advantage of this condition. The PSTN opens up a path in both directions, between the speakers, and allocates 100% of the path capacity to the call, even when there is silence. Silent suppression is the application of this IP network principle to VoIP calls. When there is silence, you don't send voice packets full of silence. Silence suppression can save bandwidth, especially on IP trunks. The savings can be 40% to 50%. The packet-sending phone or gateway implements the VAD function in the codec. When you think of silent suppression think of it as speech door. It opens...
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...Stochastic Resonance of FHN Model 1 Introduction Deterministic, nonlinear systems with excitable dynamics, e.g. the FitzHugh Nagumo (FHN) Model, undergo bifurcation from stable focus to limit cycle on tuning the system parameter. However, addition of uncorrelated noise to the system can kick the system to the limit cycle region, thus exhibiting spiking behaviour if the parameter is hold on the fixed point side. Thus the system exhibits intermittent cyclic behaviour, manifesting as spikes in the dynamical variable. It is interenting to note that at an optimal value of noise, the seemingly irregular behaviour of the spikes becomes strangely regular. The interspike interval τp becomes almost regular and the Normal√ p ized Variance of the interspike interval, defined by VN = exhibits τp a minima as a function of noise strength (D). The phenomenon is termed as Coherence Resonance. Coherence Resonance is a system generated response to the noise. However, there is another form of resonance that is found at lower level of noise in response to a subthreshold signal, known as Stochastic Resonance. Subthreshold signals that are in general undetectable can often be detected in presence of noise. There is an optimal level of noise at which such information transmission is optimal. Stochastic resonance has been investigated in many physical, chemical and biological systems. It can be utilised for enhancing signal detection and information transfer. SR has been obversed for subthreshold input...
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