...A marketer is largely responsible for the image they create for an organization, and their actions act as a point of entry for consumers. Marketers are responsible for finding and considering opportunities and potential markets for an organization. Doing so would not only allow marketers to identify their audience and target, but also identify their expectations, wants, and needs. (Gok and Hacioglu 2010) Researching prices competitors charge for like-products will allow marketers to compare and strategize. They need to ensure that pricing is fair in comparison to what the consumer is receiving, as well as appealing. To improve the organization, it is extremely important and essential that marketers seek feedback -both positive and critical - as well as taking into consideration any ideas consumers provide. Marketers must also strategically decide how they will advertise, to whom, the location and time. After all, the ideal result of market research is to ensure the satisfaction of consumers. (Dickinson, Herbst and O’Shaughnessy 1986) Marketing strategies are developed in a process in which results in an organization successfully putting their product/service on the market to be available to consumers. The marketing mix is composed of four factors; product/service, place, price and promotions. (Reid 1980) The ‘product/service’ factor involves identifying the product/service you want to sell or provide. When evaluating this factor, a marketer would consider what a consumer...
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...According to the Business Dictionary online a marketer is defined as “a person whose duties include the identification of the goods and services desired by a set of consumers, as well as the marketing of those goods and services on behalf of a company.” Being a marketer isn’t just about advertising goods. There is a lot more depth than just that, in order to be good at selling a product you must know the four P’s that relate to marketing. They are Product, Promotion, Place and Price. Marketer’s main job is to sell a product. Marketers must understand what customers actually wants out of there product. This helps them with promoting the product, thus allowing the business to sell it onto the customer. Knowing the product inside and out is a good attribute of a marketer. In order for a product to retain its competitiveness in the market, continuous product development is required innovation as well as differentiation in marketing strategies, allowing marketers to differentiate a product from its competitors. In order to sell a product marketers must understand who you are selling to. Marketers must identify different segments in the market in order to promote their product to specific target markets. This helps them to develop a strong marketing campaign that has a positive effect on the company’s sales. The marketing textbook ‘marketing, theory, evidence, practice has a good example of why identifying a target market is necessary. “Myer shoppers are not very different people...
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...In the business world, the marketers of an organisation are arguably the most pivotal element to the business success. Marketing management can be defined as ‘the application of marketing related strategies and tactics to meet an organisation’s stated goals’ by Moore and Pareek (2010, p. 7). Therefore, marketers are in charge of selecting target market through observation and analysis of wants and needs, applying the marketing metrics in a beneficial way and sustaining a stable market and client base. One of the most fundamental tasks that the marketing team is in charge of is identifying a target market and inturn their needs and wants. A niche market must be attained prior to attempting to market any product or service as it is the first step in selling. Realising the target markets requirements and desires in a product through surveys and observations are one of the key roles of a marketer. The customer base must be well researched to assist in selecting goods, adapting the market and pitching sales all based upon reliably sourced information. Satisfaction according to Churchill and Suprenant (1982 pg.491) involves such phenomena’s as attitude change, repeat purchase and brand loyalty. For example food chains use customer service surveys that allow the consumer to have there say and for action to take place from the feedback. Therefore the marketing team aims to keep the market sustained, providing long term customer satisfaction through these means. The marketing...
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...“WHAT DO MARKETERS DO?” Marketers can be seen as the bridge between an organisation and the community; the many roles of a marketer include focusing on the competition, finding out perhaps why consumer chooses their products over yours. Focusing there efforts on understand your customer base for services and product and evolving accordingly, creating new ideas helping expand the growth of a company, creating a brand. Ensuring good internal communication between all departments is well connected. To put it simpler marketer/marketing departments roles in there organisation are to make help make product/service X more appealing to the consumer base then product Z from another organisation (Rob Engelman, March 2007, “What Does A Marketing Department Do”). Globalisation for a company is a massive step for any organisation. The roots of the first few steps are marketing, a wide range of challenges appear when stepping onto the international scale. The first is simply finding a market need for your product and service; would there even be a consumer base? Cultural difference would be a massive factor, they would you advertise is different, the colour you use would be different, Asian culture the colour red is the colour of good fortune hence why many companies use the colour scheme to help blend in culturally. The time zone differences are a factor, communication could be an issue (Brian Hill, “What Are Some Challenges That Firms Face for International Marketing?”). The key principles...
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...Work Sheet for ”Debbie & Julie” Short story by Doris Lessing, 1987 A 1. How does Julie look? - Julie is a young pregnant girl, normally small of size but because of the pregnancy she perceives herself as fat in the mirror. We are not giving that much information about her looks, but she is smaller than Debbie. 2. What do you think the paperback (p. 2, 1. 5) is about? - it’s a book about pregnancy and giving birth. Julie uses the book as guidance. 3. What is in Julie´s carrier bag (see p. 3, 1. 13 - 19)? - in her well-prepared bag, Julie carries a torch, pieces of string wrapped in a piece of plastic, two pairs of knickers, a cardigan, a thick towel with an old blouse of Debbie´s, some sanitary pads and two guest towels. 4. Why does Julie feel full of trouble and worry and ill-prepared (p. 3, 1. 21)? - Julie is not sure why she feels the way she does, it could be because she´s afraid what would happen to herself and the unborn child. 5. How does Debbie earn her living? - Debbie could be a prostitute or escort, she has many “visits” from many different men, and she travels to New York with a man. Julie and Debbie have a strange relationship. It seems like Julie is relying on Debbie to take care of her as she did at first when Julie arrived to the city. Debbie always paid for Julie and taught her about life and men - from her own point of view. Debbie’s motto in life was “Take what you want and don’t pay for it” (p. 3 l. 30) but Julie knows better regardless...
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...If the increase in one leads to the increase in the other, we say there is a positive correlation. However if the increase in one leads to a decrease in the other, there is negative correlation. The strength in of the relationship between two variables is show by the preciseness of the shift in one variable as the other increases. In a perfect linear correlation, all the points fall in a straight line. If the data however forms a straight vertical or horizontal line, there is no correlation as one variable has no effect on the other. An example of correlation in my daily life is the relationship studying and passing of exams. Students who study hard are more likely to pass as compared to those who do not. This does not mean a causality relationship as studying does not always result to high grades. Scientific methods involve the formulation of hypothesis, testing, and analyzing the results and formulating a new hypothesis based on the results. When trying to establish a causal relationship in the above example, one needs to be aware of the following factors. 1. The percentage of students who study hard for their exams. 2. The percentage of students who pass their exams. 3. The percentage of students who study hard and they pass their exams. 4. Other factors that may lead to exams failure such as fatigue. 5. Amount of work the students had to study fro. This scenario represents a case of positive correlation in that the higher the number of students who study, the...
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...look at this information and create rewards and maybe a salary change if needed to satisfy their employees. Correlational research is basically a way to determine the relation between two different variables. The way that correlational research works is to figure out a prediction about one thing based on another. For example gender and department could form a correlational relationship. The reason why I chose these two is because there may be a certain dominant gender that works in a certain department and by looking at the data you will be able to see if that is true (Lanthier, 2002). One thing that I learned about correlation and causation was that they are not the same and correlation does not show causation. I learned that just because something happens at the same time does not mean that the one thing cause the other to happen all the time (Mason,2011). References Lanthier, E. (March 29, 2002). Correlation. Retrieved from http://www.nvcc.edu/home/elanthier/methods/correlation.htm Mason, G. (2011). What is the difference between causation and correlation? Retrieved from...
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...Correlation, Predication, Confidence, and Errors: Analysis of Statistics in the News In statistics, there are a number of ways to compare how data is associated with the subject matters being discussed. In this paper, I will discuss how three different magazine articles use statistics to improve and expound on their theories, the methodology used, and if their use of statistics made the article more or less convincing. The statistical methods that will discuss statistics in the news include correlation, predication, confidence, and errors. Correlation “exists between two variables when higher values of one variable consistently go with higher values of another variable or when higher values of one variable consistently go with lower values of another variable. (Bennet, Briggs & Triola 2014)” It is only used with quantifiable data where the numbers are meaningful (height, weight, age, etc), therefore, it can’t be used for categorical data (gender, favorite foods, jobs, etc). Predication is defined by Britannica.com as the attribution of characteristics to a subject to produce something meaningful. This combines verbal elements and those that exist in name only (Britannica 2015). Confidence in statistics is defined as “a group of continuous or discrete adjacent values used to estimate a statistical parameter as a means of variance” (Merriam-Webster 2015). Statistical errors means that when null hypothesis is proven incorrect, then the alternative hypothesis is accepted...
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...Description When I was come back to China this summer, something bad happened to me. My boyfriend and I went to Beijing to meet a friend and we supposed to get to a popular shopping mall by crowded subway. Arriving our destination, we get out of the subway and walk along the sidewalks, talking and laughing, because there was no more crowded and I just release my attention to the bag. Just about one second, I feel my bag become lighter and I touch the zip on bag fast and I found that the bag was open! I quickly found that my boyfriend’s wallet was stolen and the whole process just kept for 1 minute. There are two sinkiang people came to us and told us that they witnessed a woman steal our wallet and my cell phone and then throw my cell phone in the flowerbed and then that woman was running away and one of the sinkiang people point out a direction. My boyfriend was angry and just ran to that direction and didn’t find any clues. When we calmed down, we thought that maybe those two sinkiang people did that and lied to us to avoid any suspect. My boyfriend ran to them and yelled to them: “Give me back the wallet!” However, they didn’t admit that they have our wallet and just go away. Explanation 1 (causal) There are two most plausible explanations in this event about who actually stolen my boyfriend’s wallet. The first explanation for the theft of the wallet is that an unknown woman opened my bag without my noticing and took the wallet. This could be true because the skills of...
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...[Class] [Date] Violent Video Games do not CAUSE VIOLENCE Introduction Correlation does not prove Causation. Since 1992, there have been 387 school shootings in America. In the wake of these tragedies, the investigators and our society have looked to find somewhere to point the blame. Some blame gun laws, some blame our school system, but almost all conclusions place at least some blame on video games. When 90% of today's teenagers video games are 90% likely to include mature levels of violence, there's clearly an issue. However, the issue is mistakenly simplified down to the equation that violence in games = violence in real life, mistakenly because correlation does not prove causation. Today, I want to talk about why video games do not cause violence, and can even be a healthy way to release aggression. body Research is inconclusive. Unfortunately, research on video games and violence is inconclusive and does not ever come to a consensus. For every study that you find that proves video games cause violence, you have a study that proves that video games have no correlation to real-life violence. Media psychologists, communication scientists, and pediatricians disagree greatly among themselves as to whether or not there is a causal relationship between gaming and violence. There is more than a 20% variation in opinion over whether or not gaming produces real-life violence. That variation does not sound convincing to us, who like to pretend we are 100% certain about things,...
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...Question 1 Internal validity is about: | a. | establishing causality | | b. | establishing generalisability | | c. | establishing reliability | | d. | establishing concepts | 0.2 points Question 2 Which of the following is concerned with generalisability? | a. | internal validity | | b. | external validity | | c. | concept validity | | d. | reliability | 0.2 points Question 3 The relationship between exposure to violent images in the media and the violent behaviour appears to be explained by pre-exisiting predisposition to aggression. This is an example of: | a. | an internally valid relationship | | b. | a causal relationship | | c. | spurious relationship | | d. | a scientific relationship | 0.2 points Question 4 Qualitative research uses numeric data. True False 0.2 points Question 5 Positivism is: | a. | thinking positively about our criminological research design | | b. | assuming that criminological phenonomena have an objective reality that we can observe | | c. | interpreting positive correlations between criminogenic factors | | d. | applying qualitive research techniques in our criminological research | 0.2 points Question 6 In qualitative research, the closest equivalent to internal validity: | | generalisability | | | causality | | | transferability | | | credibility | 0.2 points Question 7 Mike, a 15 year old, has been vandalising his school every...
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...might suggest that the treatment or finding does not make enough of a difference to justify its use or to be practical. Yes, it is possible for a study to have statistical significance but not a practical significance. If the source of the data can benefit from the results of the study, it is possible that an element of bias is introduced so that the results are favorable to the source. A voluntary response sample is a sample in which the subjects themselves decide whether to be included in the study. A voluntary response sample is generally not suitable for a statistical study because the sample may have a bias resulting from participation by those with a special interest in the topic being studied. Even if we conduct a study and find that there is a correlation, or association, between two variables, we cannot conclude that one of the variables is the cause of the other. There does appear to be a potential to create a bias. There does not appear to be a potential to create a bias. There does not appear to be a potential to create a bias. There does appear a potential to create a bias. The sample is a voluntary response sample and is therefore flawed. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. The sample is a voluntary response sample and is therefore flawed. 11. The sampling method appears to be sound. 12. The sampling method appears to be sound. 13. Because there is a 30% chance of getting such results with a diet that has no effect, it does not appear to have statistical significance...
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...Introduction One of the problems linked with the assessment of research based on statistical analysis involves the determination of whether a true cause and effect connection between variables exists, or is it just a statistical relationship known as correlation. While there may be correlation between variables, there is not a causal relationship unless the variation in the independent variable or variables actually causes the variation in the dependent variable. Often correlation is misinterpreted as causation, as is the case in the examples presented in this essay. The first example is from a journal article that says watching TV increases a persons risk of heart disease and non-cancer related deaths. The second two examples are related to transportation, one saying that speeding causes car crashes and the other saying population in a traffic analysis zone (TAZ) causes trips produced. Although correlation is necessary it is not sufficient, it is important that a true causal relation exists before making conclusions. Body (Example A) The first study is presented in the journal, Circulation-Journal of the American Heart Association with the title, Television Viewing time and Mortality: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). The baseline data for the study was gathered between the years of 1999 and 2000. The locations for data collection were chosen based on Census Collector Districts in each of the Australian states and in the Northern...
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...Each of these things needs to be done to have a good organization. Departmentalization is needed to do each group jobs efficiently. It can and does cause problems between workers. Such as when another group of workers is supposed to do a job and fail to do so, it then may fall onto another set of workers to complete. Where I work we are required to do housekeeping, v and our own job s of taking care of our patients. This causes problems because when we don’t have time to do something such as the nightly cleaning of the wheelchairs, and lifts. It causes upper management to get mad because it wasn’t done. Matrix organizations, is taking employees from every department and making a group that lets their upper management know how everything is going for those in their respectively departments. This does not make them tattle tells, as I am sure a lot of people would call them. They are there to help the upper management learn if changes need to be made to help the employees do a better job. These can cause problems because the other employees in a group may think the person doing the reporting is doing nothing but trying to get the other employees in trouble. Project teams are employees from all parts of the organization, and are grouped together to do a set project. This can be good for each group to interact with those outside of their normal groups. Project teams can cause problems though when those chosen don’t get along well, are not being corruptive with those who...
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...Zhiyi Song (Song) Principles of Macroeconomics G03 Professor Jean-Pierre Mulumba January 15, 2016 Summary of “Pitfalls to Sound Economic Reasoning” There are five common pitfalls to avoid when people are applying the economic perspective. The first one is biases. People usually bring their biases to the businesses. Government regulation is not always good for everybody’s economics. People should abandon their preconceptions of the economics, then they can avoid the pitfalls. The second one is loaded terminology. People get many information and loaded terminology from newspapers and broadcast media. Some people think that all the government workers are “mindless bureaucrats”,and all the high profits are “obscene”. Those wrong opinions make people far away from success. The third one is fallacy of composition. People should jump our of their own world to see the whole economics, so that people could get a better view and make good decisions. People should not let the fallacy confuse them. The fourth one is post hoc fallacy. Sometimes, people think event A is the cause of event B because A precedes B. But not all the situation are the same. There is an example that the Great Depression. Many people don’t think that the weaknesses in the economy caused the Great Depression, they think the stock market crash caused it. People should not look at the whole situation to find the cause of an event.The last one is correlation. Many people think that if variable X increases and Y also...
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