Free Essay

Marketing and Innovation

In:

Submitted By Christel0205
Words 8461
Pages 34
When and how to co-create with customers?

Content 1.  Appendix D: Transcript symbols1. Introduction 2 2. Description of the Cases 3 2.1 ‘Mensen Zeggen Dingen’ (MZD) 3 2.2 HEMA Design Competition 4 3. Method 4 4. Findings 5 4.1.1 Analysis MZD 5 4.1.2 Analysis HEMA 7 4.2 Advantages of Co-Creation 8 4.3 Disadvantages of Co-Creation 9 5. Conclusion 10 6. Managerial implications and further research 10 References 11 Appendices 12 Appendix A: Transcription interview MZD (In overleg met docent) 12 Appendix B: Transcription Interview Price Winner Design competition HEMA 13 Appendix C: E-mail correspondence HEMA 18 Appendix D: Transcription symbols 20

1. Introduction
Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for innovative products. Innovative products have several benefits. One of these is that it facilitates the enhancement of an organisation’s market orientation. Besides, it is needed in order to differentiate itself from their competitors. Lastly, innovation is required in order to achieve long-term performance which ultimately leads to the survival of an organisation (Lecture 1, 2015). Due to this increasing demand, organisations choose more frequently to involve their consumers in the new product development (also known as co-creating). In this report, co-creation was defined as: ‘Any collaborative activity in which one or more customers actively contribute to a new product development process’ (O’Hern and Rindfleisch 2009, p. 4). This analysis looks at products as the total of products and services offered in current society, instead of focusing on a limited range of tangible consumer products.

Involving consumers in this new product development has benefits and drawbacks. Some state that the more consumers are involved, the more brains there are, which lead to more creativity. Besides, this diversity of consumers stimulates the creativity. Many argue that consumers know better what is needed and are less constrained by firm conventions and guidelines which in the end also lead to better solutions. However, there are risks of inviting customers to involve in the new product development. Co-creation implies giving up the control for an organisation. Besides, it may occur that the organisations cannot live up to the expectations of the consumers. Lastly, organising for example a competition implies that that there are winners and losers among the customers.

This report was written in order to explore the concept of ‘co-creation’ into further depth. This was done by analysing the data with the help of the stage-gate framework of Cooper (1983). Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of co-creation will be discussed. In this report, not only the company’s perspective of the concept co-creation will be described, but also the perspective of a consumer which was involved in new product development. Therefore, a comparison between the company and the consumer on the concept co-creation will be made.
2. Description of the Cases
2.1 ‘Mensen Zeggen Dingen’ (MZD)
MZD is a start-up event platform that hosts several cultural events all over the Netherlands, focusing mainly on spoken word art. This research is focused on the spoken word aspect of MZD, but may include other aspects of the start-up to strengthen certain arguments. MZD hosts spoken word events, which includes storytelling, poetry, rap music (with or without music) and other interpretations of spoken word. The platform is based and created around the wishes of the audience, the audience can give their vote for a certain night’s program or recommend/ request performers to perform on events. MZD also supports aspiring artists from the early stages in their quest for becoming a spoken word performer. Lastly, MZD combines art forms that would not have been combined without MZD as a ‘middle-man’. An example of the latter is, MZD combined a rap artist with an electronic music producer after hearing that the rapper wanted people to focus on his lyrics and not the beat. MZD as a cultural platform facilitated the ambient music producer with the lyricist, eventually producing a new product; storytelling to ambient background music, who would later perform at a MZD event night.

2.2 HEMA Design Competition
The first HEMA department store for the common man was opened in 1926 in Amsterdam. From 1958 the HEMA opened in a rapid speed many new department stores and has grown into a well-known big company. The success of HEMA is partly based on design. They design everything in house which gives HEMA the power to make everyday objects into something special. HEMA has been organizing a design competition since 1983. They started this competition as a reaction to the need for more and better practical training of students. The winning product was taking into production by HEMA and this stimulated the submissions enormously. This competition reflects the focus on design. HEMA contributes with their competition to the practical training of students and in return they receive media attention of a wide audience and a new interesting product. The best idea is rewarded with money. At the moment over thirty designs were placed on the shelves.
3. Method
The goal of this research is to define and conceptualize the term co-creation. This paper will attempt to do so using two interviews with co-creating parties. The first interviewee is the founder of MZD. As he lives in Nijmegen and has the time and motivation to fill us in about co-creation, we will interview him face to face using open interview tactics. The second interviewee is a co-creator involved in the making of an already launched product in cooperation with HEMA. Because of her personal schedule and distance, she agreed to be interviewed using an open interview via Skype. Both parties agreed to have the interview recorded, so a complete transcription of the answers could be analysed. To further contribute to a valid research, the respondents will remain anonymous. Beforehand it was decided that both interviews would be transcribed and analysed on the basis of coding. Unfortunately, due to personal constraints the MZD interview recordings were lost, so the transcription is missing. Instead, it was decided that we would keep close contact with the founder of MZD and use our short notes and memory together with regular check-ups with MZD to complete the analysis. The HEMA research however has been recorded and will be colour-coded and analysed according the stage gate model. To further extend our research, HEMA was asked to answer several questions concerning co-creation and the designer contest. This way we would have a total of three perspectives: (1) A starting entrepreneur in the entertainment industry, (2) a company engaging in co-creation using a designer contest and lastly, (3) a consumer competing in the designer contest and experiencing the co-creation process from start to finish from the participant’s point of view.

The paper’s approach is linked to the stage gate model. The interview data will be analysed according to the six steps of this model (Cooper, 1983). Furthermore a method of opposites was chosen to get a complete understanding of co-creation. Whereas MZD will provide the information from the founder or business perspective, the HEMA co-creator will do so from the customer’s perspective. The answers from HEMA are used to complete the co-creation analysis on the designer contest. We try to identify the ways they experienced the co-creation process and the way they would define and value the cooperation.

4. Findings

Figure 1: Stage-Gate model (Cooper, 1983)
The stage-gate model as provided by Cooper will be the red line which we use to analyse the decisions made by the companies related to our interviewees. Cooper provides us with a 6 step-model which outline the main decisions moments in a new product development (NDP) process. The six steps are based on earlier findings of seven commonly made mistakes, respectively; lack of market orientation; bad quality of development process execution; advancing too quickly; not enough preparation; low product value for the customer; no determined focus and lastly lack of a systematic NPD-process and discipline.
By using the Stage-Gate model to analyse our findings, we can see whether our cases use similar steps, if they work, and if so or if not, why or why not.
4.1.1 Analysis MZD
Considering the fact that MZD produces a service to the community as their product, we have to use the Stage-Gate model in a slightly different way than usual in order to be able to analyse the function of co-creation in the MZD business model effectively. As explained in the case description, MZD applies co-creation in two main ways. MZD has an intern who conducts a semi-annual survey among the audience in order for the audience to provide MZD with suggestions and new ideas for the event’s filling and programming. This means that the audience in essence co-creates the program of the upcoming event nights with MZD. Secondly, MZD works as a middle-man, combining spoken word artists with artists from different artistic fields to create a new spoken-word based cultural product which would have not been formed without the help of MZD. This two-way appliance of co-creation leads us to believe that two separate analyses with a joint conclusion is the most effective way of analysing co-creation in this specific field. The two forms of co-creation will henceforth be called: Survey Co-creation and Middle-man Co-creation. The Stage-Gate model will provide us with a step-by-step overview of the thinking and development process of MZD after receiving requests or suggestions in either of the two forms of service development.
4.1.1.1 Survey Co-creation
As mentioned above, MZD applies co-creation using a semi-annual interview facilitated by an intern. The main goal of the interview is to give an insight into what the audience prefers during the shows so that MZD can give a customer tailored performance. The idea stems from the well-known ‘encore’ in the theatre and music business and henceforth inspired MZD to conduct research using a similar method. First off, MZD customizes their interviews into show and audience categories before the interview is created. Then after the preference questions have been developed, the interviews are distributed and reviewed shortly after the actual performance. Both the founder and the intern then evaluate the interview and see if the results and suggestions are in line with the core business and see if they are achievable.
So now that MZD has the results and suggestions, what is next? MZD tries to cooperate with the audience as much as possible and will even let members of the audience play an important role in the performance. This might even involve the audience member with a great idea to perform in a MZD show him/herself. MZD will once again look at the suggestions and tries to select the best and most viable options. Moreover they try to complete a part of the show using décor, the right performers, music etc. The final products then will star in a new interview. MZD fans and audience members can then vote to include one or more of these options in future shows. Once the performance has been included in shows, MZD relies on audience reviews to decide whether the performance needs polishing, can survive the way it is or be cancelled. Additionally, as an example of co-creation, the founder showed us his personal plan for 2017. This plan included two themed nights as a result from the survey and from individuals approaching the founder after the show: an English night and a night in Nijmegen with spoken-word texts solemnly focusing on the city Nijmegen. Several individuals stated that they are originally from the UK or Germany and do not speak Dutch well enough to perform but understand enough Dutch to enjoy the event. They expressed the will to perform in English, which ultimately lead to the first English night being planned.
4.1.1.2 Middle-man Co-creation
The middle-man role of MZD is, as explained before, partnering artists with eachother to stimulate and facilitate a new product development process which would not have taken place without MZD. The founder indicated that due to his network ranging over the entire country and his intrinsic knowledge of the spoken-word art spectrum, he has the tools and knowledge to partner separate artists. The founder stated that artists come to him with an idea or a request like the following: ‘I’m looking for background music to my spoken word, but I do not want the music to take the upper hand.. my texts are and must remain the main or even the only piece of art that people really perceive’. In the standard spoken-word art spectrum, spoken word with music or beats usually leads to rap-music in which music and lyrics support and amplify each other. The requestor wanted music or noise that stayed on the background for the entire length of the track, but would amplify the strength of his text. The founder of MZD in the end found an ambient-electronic music producer who could create a ‘wavey-background noise which fills the moments of silence, without removing the strength of those silent seconds’. MZD takes requests and forms ideas, and along with the stages of the Stage-Gate model bundles artists and together with those artists to work towards a new product: MZD generates an idea based on requests by artists, uses their network to investigate the possibilities (1)1, suggests possibilities (2), facilitates the artists joint product development process (3), provides the platform to test the newly produced artistic product (4) which eventually may lead to the publication of the newly formed song/work of art in the form of a performance, vinyl record or part of an LP/ CD (5).
1The numbers correspond with the five main stages of the Stage-Gate model by Cooper.

4.1.2 Analysis HEMA
As mentioned in the method section, the HEMA case will be analysed with the help of the stage gate of Cooper. Each stage of the NPD process will be described briefly. Hereafter, general findings and recommendations will follow.
Idea generation
The process of NPD starts in its first phase with the generation of an idea. According to Cooper (1983), these ideas are based on the market: on products of competitors, on recognition of customer needs or on requests from customers. So are the product designs that participants sent in when they participate in the Design Competition of HEMA. Dutch students from the universities of applied sciences and art academies that study fashion- product or food design can apply. Each participant received a unique entry number, after which they could send in their own made design. Note that each design that has been sent in, had to meet the general conditions which HEMA had set, before they would be taken into consideration. HEMA presents the Design Competition as an ‘open’ design competition. Their aim is to make a contribution to practical development and to make the general public more aware of design of the Design Competition. They state that this competition gives young designers exposure within the design industry and among the general public. So, HEMA partly states that they are broad-minded when it comes to idea generation in their competition. If we compare this statement with a participant of the HEMA Design Competition in 2012, we see that they both agree on this perspective. According to the interviewee, all participants were free to give their own interpretation to the Design Competition. After all the designs have been submitted, the jury members will first determine whether an entry meets all the criteria. If the jury believes that there are sufficient entries that meet the requirements and they think those are of sufficient quality, HEMA can select the best ideas and start with the concept development. Besides the jury, also customers can vote for their favourite design. The latter part of this section leads us to conclude that HEMA stays in control but also takes the preferences of the customers into account.
Concept development
After the idea generation stage, the market requirements are translated into a concept (Cooper, 1983). As we can conclude from the transcripts, the concept was already made when the ideas were sent in. A complete functioning full-scale model of the participant’s design has to be handed in. Besides, a description of the design (no longer than one A4 page), in which the participant describes the vision behind the entry, explains the design and the choices made and should tell the story behind the own design are required. Furthermore, a full and detailed description of the method of production and required materials has to be handed in. Lastly, a technical specification of the design must also be provided as well as a calculation of the cost price. Basically, the participants of the Design Competition deliver the full concept without any contribution from HEMA itself.
Concept testing
After the concept development stage is completed, the likely acceptance of the consumers should be investigated (Cooper, 1983). This is done by asking customers to vote for their favorite design. There is a possibility that the jury evaluated the product as not suitable however the audience think this is good idea. This design can win a publicity price and may be chosen to be added to the production line. The participant of the Design Competition stated that this part of the competition is not about ‘having the best idea’; instead it is all about having the biggest network. Note that if the audience or consumers vote for a product in which the jury do not believe HEMA has all the rights to reject this design. When it comes to concept testing, HEMA has its own technical designers who will test the concept on its functionality, design and profitability. In this stage, the participant of the Designer Competition was not involved.
Prototype building
In this phase, the concept that was made by the participant itself will be made into an actual physical product. If we look at the transcripts we see that there is a disagreement on the manner this prototype building phase takes place. The HEMA manager claims that if they change the initial concept design, participants will be informed and get the opportunity to give their opinion. However, the participant of the Designer Competition stated that HEMA did not inform her with regard to the adjustments to her initial design and there was an absence of discussion. Moreover, they only contacted her when they had questions concerning the concept design. They first tried several things and when they found out that it did not work out as expected, they presented the case to her. As she stated in the interview ‘they could have saved a lot of money if they had listened to me and asked me in the first place’. In the end, the jury and technical design team of HEMA will decide if the initial concept of the participant of the Design Competition is of sufficient quality to start and produce a concept version.
Prototype testing
Companies need to find out if the product’s prototype is corresponding with the wishes of the consumer and to make sure that no technical flaws exist (Cooper, 1983). The participant of the Design Competition mentioned that the prototype of HEMA consisted of almost 98% of her initial concept design. When the prototype was tested in a panel consisting of women in the age category from 18 to 65, it was found that the ‘BH wallet’ was too big and not elegant enough. HEMA listened to their preferences and therefore made some adjustments; it became smaller and more delicate. Although the manager says that the participants were informed about their adjustments, the participant in 2012 was rarely informed.
Launch
After the prototype was tested on its functionality and possible technical flaws, the actual product is produced and the full marketing plan is implemented (Cooper, 1983). The winner of the HEMA Design Competition receives a cash prize. As the participant of the Design Competition in 2012 mentioned ‘this is only a symbolic amount of money’. Eventually, this amount of money is not comparable to the profit they made on her design (cost price €1,- compared to selling price €5,-). At the moment, if you look on the shelves of HEMA, the name of the designer is presented on the packaging of the ‘BH Wallet’. HEMA claims that by doing this it is gives young designers exposure within the design industry and among the general public. However, if we speak to the participant of the Design Competition we find another disagreement. She states that this ‘honourable mention’ is only part of a publicity stunt in order to gain awareness. According to her, HEMA only wants to get associated with this Designer Competition which in the end will result to be seen as ‘innovative and customer-oriented’. By recoding the transcript we recognize a lot of dissatisfaction from her side. She did not feel any appreciation and wished to be more informed and involved in the whole process up to the launch of the product. Even if she contacted HEMA and asked for any information for example about the number of sales, HEMA did not provide any information. The participant of the Design Competition saw the end product of her initial ‘BH Wallet’ for the first time when it was launched and it hit the shelves.
4.2 Advantages of Co-Creation
In this section we will list several advantages of co-creation for both the organisation and the customer, based on the outcomes of the conducted interviews. The main advantage of co-creation for the organisation is that co-creation helps you tend to the customer’s needs more delicately. This advantage is derived from the fact that the customers provide ideas and suggestions, which helps the creative innovative process of the organisation. Creative processes like the Design Competition also provide a platform for young designers without a budget to express their artistic/innovative views and give them the opportunity to actualize those ideas. Working together with the customer through co-creation lastly provides a (perceived) close and personal relationship with the customers. MZD, to its’ audience, really shows interest in their customers’ preferences and is generally seen as a company who listens. HEMA’s Design Competition provides visibility and attempts to generate perceived customer intimacy. Through our interview we have learned that they are actually abusing the positive perceived view. We have listed the latter fact as an advantage for HEMA, since the BH-wallet has generated a lot of revenue. In general, co-creation provides the organisation with a realistic view of the customer’s needs and ideas which enhances the idea generation process of the new product development stages significantly.
4.3 Disadvantages of Co-Creation
Starting with MZD and their co-creation process, most notable are the many advantages. We believe however that there are some disadvantages that the founder failed to recognize. While reviewing the interview with the founder of MZD, it became more clear that the organization in its totality is centered around co-creation. The company relies on high quality input from the audience. Without input MZD would be forced to change their strategy and rely on their own input solemnly. A smaller audience would in turn mean lower quality input and therefore limited idea generation. Moreover, MZD offers a wide range of different shows and entertains varying audiences. Ideas from one kind of audience might not be applicable to other audiences. Audience members could be, but hardly are, experts in the field of organizing these performances or event planning in general. Audience members might have a too simplistic look on the situation and cannot fully take budgets and organizational dynamics into consideration. The danger lies in the fact that MZD decides how valuable each audience member’s opinion is. They themselves decide which ideas are viable and interesting. This in turn results in MZD hosting events only supported by a small portion of the total audience.
HEMA’s design competition resulted in clear-cut disadvantages. The respondent felt like she had been taken advantage of. For months of hard work and a serious profit for HEMA she only received a small reward. This resulted in an overall devaluation of the HEMA brand for the respondent and negative word of mouth campaigning. A creative spirit like herself is now hesitant to join designer competitions because the experience she had with HEMA was disappointing to say the least. One could say that HEMA benefited from the designer competition because they have new products making a serious profit for the company. Co-creation in this case did not meet its requirements. HEMA did not create the product with the customer but the product of the customer and ‘forced’ the competitors to hand their ideas over to the company. Competitors in turn will not be likely to work with HEMA again and might abandon their product ideas entirely. This is not only a waste of HEMA, since they might have been able to benefit from other ideas, but also for the competitors themselves because they could have partnerships with HEMA or other companies.

5. Conclusion
In this report we attempt to provide a clear answer to the question ‘when and how to co-create?’ The analysis and findings are derived from a set of three interviews spread over two companies. Co-creation takes place in organisations that require a boost in their innovative new product or service development process and in organisations that are highly dependent on their audience’s preferences and experience. Companies choose to co-create in order to gain a better fit with their customer’s preferences and to build closer relationships to the customer, ultimately to either increase revenue through new products or to maintain the organisation’s survival by constantly tending to the audience’s requests.
In order to reach co-creation’s maximum potential, companies have to take several factors into account. Companies that fail to do so will end up not utilizing co-creation fully and might actually be worse off than without co-creation. First of all, co-creation leads to dependency. This means that the company relies on the input of the participants. A company who relies completely on co-creation are too reliant others and will therefore put their own processes at risk off reaching a stand-still. Secondly, one or several customers’ ideas and requests do not necessarily correspond with the preferences of the entire audience or market. This means that the company needs to continuously perform market research in order to ensure the success off products and services that are the result of a co-creation process. Third, companies need to keep in mind that customers are not necessarily experts and that their ideas and suggestions might not be feasible due to not grasping the entire concept of the business. Lastly, the gains for the customer and the organisation must maintain a healthy balance. If not, this may result in taking advantage/ freeloading of the customer which can lead to bad worth-of-mouth among other customer groups. Organisations that partake in co-creation must make sure that the product or service development process remains a joint effort and must therefore make sure that they do not end up making the customer’s product for themselves.
Co-creation, all things considered, can be a really efficient and beneficial way of doing business for both the organisation and the participants of the process. Beneficial co-creation processes require organisational effort in order to work effectively.

6. Managerial implications and further research
Co-creation provides organisation with considerable advantages, but must be treated carefully and with respect to the involved customers. Co-creation can easily lead to negative publicity in the form of negative word-of-mouth. Regardless of the risk when not treated properly, co-creation is a crucial form of innovation for certain businesses and markets, involving the customer in the decision and new product development process of the organisation creates a perception of innovation and customer-orientation.
Further research should be done on the clarification of co-creation on specific industries, contexts and organization size, which is as of yet relatively generalized towards the entire product and service development process with lower levels of required technological background knowledge.

References
Cooper, R.G. (1983). A Process Model for Industrial New Product Development. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 30 (1), pp. 2-11.

HEMA (2015). HEMA ontwerp wedstrijd 2015 voorwaarden. Retrieved from http://hemaontwerpwedstrijd.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/HEMA-ontwerpwedstrijd-2015- voorwaarden.pdf

O’Hern, M., S. and Rindfleisch, A. (2009). Customer Co-Creation: A Typology and Research Agenda. Review of Marketing Research, 6. P. 84-106.

Appendices
Appendix A: Transcription interview MZD (In overleg met docent)
Due to personal reasons with certain group members we have unfortunately not been able to provide the transcript of the interview with the founder of Mensen Zeggen Dingen.

Appendix B: Transcription Interview Price Winner Design competition HEMA
1. Hoe ben je op het idee gekomen om mee te doen met de HEMA ontwerpwedstrijd? En hoe ging dat in zijn werk?
Uhm even denken hoor. Uh ja, ik studeerde aan de TU delft. Daar heb je een vak, daar is de Hema ontwerp wedstrijd een onderdeel van. Ik heb dit vakje gedaan omdat ik tijd over had. Het is een keuze vak. Dat was eigenlijk de reden dat ik mee deed. Ik had nooit de behoefte om dat in mn vrije tijd te doen. Maargoed, ik deed mee voor dat vak. Je moet alles inleveren en daar wordt je ook op beoordeeld als vak zijnde. Je kiest iets wat bij je ligt zeg maar, uhm omdat er weinig tijd is. Iets wat in je achterhoofd zit. Na dat ik me had ingeschreven werd er een voorlichting gehouden door HEMA. Hier werd alles uitgelegd inclusief het thema. Volgens mij begon de presentatie van de Hema met “welk probleem zou jij graag opgelost zien?’. Het thema van mijn jaar was de nieuwe held. Wat ze eigenlijk letterlijk vroegen is maak iets winst gevend. Ze geven voorbeelden, uh hoe heet dat ding ookal weer, waterkoker die heel bekend te zijn. En uhm naja dat soort voorbeelden werden gegeven. Er zijn er een paar eisen waar je aan aan moet voldoen.

2. Welke voorwaarden werden er dan gesteld?
Uhm de voorwaarden uh.. Naja het thema held werd heel breed omschreven, dus je kon er eigenlijk heel goed je eigen invulling aan geven. Uh.. Verder werd duidelijk uitgelegd dat als je iets inlevert je eigenlijk al je rechten kwijt bent. Ik wist al voor dit praatje dat als ik mijn ontwerp inleverde ik al mijn rechten kwijt was. De winnaar wint wel een symbolisch bedrag maar dat stelt eigenlijk niet zoveel voor. Op de faculteit kreeg ik het advies, doe niet mee met een wedstrijd als je een goed idee hebt, zelfs niet voor een vak. Want als je iets inlevert, zelfs voor een vak ben je alles kwijt. Een tof idee moet je in je eigentijd uitzetten. Het is namelijk algemeen bekend dat het weinig oplevert en je niet de waardering krijgt die je verdient. Heel veel mensen zeiden ook tegen mij, waarom heb je dit niet zelf op de markt gebracht.

3. Mag ik vragen naar het Symbolisch bedrag dat je van de HEMA uiteindelijk gekregen hebt?
Ja hoor natuurlijk mag je dat vragen. Ik heb uiteindelijk 750 euro gekregen via de HEMA. Maar uhm.. ik had uitgerekend dat de kostprijs 1 euro moest zijn. Momenteel ligt hij in de winkel voor 5 euro dus er wordt goed aan verdiend. Ik weet zeker dat HEMA hem voor minder kan maken, want het ontwerp is niet heel ingewikkeld. Die 750 euro voelt dan niet als een groot bedrag als je kijkt naar wat de HEMA er sindsdien aan verdient. Ze moeten er zeker winst op maken. Vandaar mijn kritische houding. Maar toen der tijd was ik student en was 750 euro toch een lekker bedrag om te winnen.
4. Wie mogen er allemaal mee doen aan de wedstrijd?
Uhm.. Naja uiteraard niet alleen voor de mensen van de TU delft. Er deden heel veel mensen mee. Dit zijn allemaal studenten die een creatieve studie doen, meestal met ontwerp of design. Vanuit mijn opleiden werd er speciaal een vak gegeven en je had dan korte tijd om je ontwerp uit te werken en kreeg hulp van de docent.

5. Dus consumenten met goede ideeën kunnen niet mee doen?
Nou, volgens mij mogen eens in de 5 jaar ook andere klanten mee doen. Dit zullen dan wel mensen zijn die het leuk vinden, of misschien een heel goed idee hebben en daar iets misschien ofzo wel mee willen doen? Wat ik wel weet dat de klant volgens mij alleen maar een sketch/ tekening hoeft in te leveren en een soort van beschrijving. Wij moesten uh echt alles uitdenken zodat de HEMA zelf helemaal niet meer hoeft na te denken eigenlijk. Ik moest bijvoorbeeld de methode van productie, de doelgroep, kostprijs, etc etc uitwerken. Wij werken alles uit, hun produceren indien het idee goed genoeg is het product enkel.
6. Heb je vanuit HEMA begeleiding gekregen?
Nou Hema heeft helemaal niets gedaan maar dat had ik ook niet verwacht. Het is een groot bedrijf dat deze wedstrijd als routine uitzet. Vanuit school heb ik uh wel begeleiding gehad, via het vak dat ik volgde. Je kon je ontwerp laten zien en daar kreeg je feedback op. Verder kregen we tips waar we op uhm moesten letten enz. Dat is denk ik ook de reden dat ze design studenten laten mee doen, die hebben geen begeleiding nodig.
7. In hoeverre ben je betrokken nadat je gewonnen had?
Nou uhm.. Ik ben wel iemand die zelf contact zocht. Ik stelde heel veel vragen en probeerde contact te houden maar je merkte dat de HEMA daar wel huiverig in was. Ik wilde bijvoorbeeld weten hoe het met mijn ontwerp was en of het bijvoorbeeld uh al in productie was gebracht maar die vraag konden ze steeds niet beantwoorden. Dan was het steeds van we zijn er naar aan het kijken. Ze wilde heel veel dingen niet zeggen. Het was allemaal heel vaag. Op het enige moment dat ik betrokken werd was als ze iets van mij wilde weten. Dan was het van uhm.. we hebben dit en dit geprobeerd wat vind jij hier van? Ik wilde die dingen best wel uitleggen maar het meeste stond beschreven in het document dat ik bij mijn ontwerp geleverd had. Ik had een contact persoon en die probeerde mijn vragen wel te beantwoorden maar HEMA was in het hele proces gesloten. Ze stelde soms wel vragen met wat bedoel je hier mee en wat bedoel je daar mee. Maar ze luisterde niet echt naar het antwoord. Zo gingen ze bijvoorbeeld onderzoeken of het mogelijk was om hem zowel links als rechts te dragen, tweezijdig dus. In het draaiboek dat ik geschreven had stond beschreven dat ik hier onderzoek naar had gedaan maar in plaats van dat ze dit draaiboek goed lazen en vragen waarom ik bepaalde keuzes had gemaakt gingen ze alle ontwerpbeslissingen die ik gemaakt had allemaal opnieuw doen. Ze hadden gewoon oprecht met mij in gesprek moeten gaan. Dan had ik alles kunnen toelichten waarom ik dingen had gedaan en waarom. Dan was veel niet opnieuw nodig geweest en dat had heel veel tijd gescheeld. Maar wat ze deden was een heel team samenstellen om alles opnieuw uit te werken. Uiteindelijk zijn ze tot dezelfde conclusie gekomen.
8. Heb je na deze fase nog contact gehad?
Wederom heb ik geprobeerd contact te houden. Maar dit ging allemaal moeizaam. Ik wilde bijvoorbeeld weten hoe loopt het? Hoeveel zijn er tot nu toe al verkocht? Maar die informatie wilde ze niet verstrekken. De vrouw waar ik contact mee had was wel oké. Uiteindelijk vertrok zij bij HEMA door reorganisatie volgens mij en heb ik het gelaten. Het is klaar zo, het is goed.

9. Wat is er veranderd aan jouw ontwerp?
Uiteindelijk is het product dat nu in de winkel ligt 98% mijn ontwerp. Het enige dat veranderd is het formaat want mensen gingen klagen. Wat ik ook dom vond, maar dat terzijde. Toen hebben ze een grotere gemaakt maar die worden waarschijnlijk niet goed verkocht want als je de kleine en de grote decolleté portemonnee naast elkaar houd dan lijkt de grote best wel lomp. Dan ga je toch sneller de kleine kopen. Maar we hebben dus verder niet echt contact gehad.

10. Heb je het idee dat er goed naar jou is geluisterd?
Geluisterd? Nee, nee ik had heel veel dingen al van te voren verteld. Ik had een letterlijke schets gemaakt, daar hebben ze de eerste keer niet aan gehouden en negatieve feedback gehad. Ik had niet zomaar iets ingestuurd, ik had er wel echt over nagedacht zeg maar. Ik heb niet het idee dat ze er echt wat mee gedaan hebben, ik had letterlijk een schets gemaakt met alle maten. Ik ben er wel tevreden genoeg over en wil mijn naam nog op het product houden hoor. Want dat kan natuurlijk ook dat het product zo veranderd dat je er niet meer mee geassocieerd mee wil worden.
11. Wordt je nog actief met de decolleté portemonnee geassocieerd? Staat je naam er dan ook echt op?
Het staat gewoon op de verpakking. Er staat zelfs ook op dat het product tot stand is gekomen door de ontwerpwedstrijd. Er staat volgens mij uhm.. zo’n vlaggetje op. Voor Hema is het eigenlijk denk ik een soort van trademark ofzo. Omdat die wedstrijd steeds heel veel aandacht trekt. 12. Hoelang heb je niets meer gehoord vanuit de HEMA? En wat wat had je graag willen weten?
Ik wilde graag gewoon weten hoe loopt het, gaat het het nieuwe seizoen weer in product, en hoeveel hebben jullie er verkocht. Dat zijn allemaal dingen die ze niet willen of mogen vertellen. Er wordt altijd een beetje omheen gelult. Ik had gewoon graag af en toe een update willen hebben zonder daar zelf achter aan te hoeven gaan. Een jaar geleden uhm of anderhalf jaar geleden ben ik nog benaderd door de HEMA maar dit was om te spreken bij de nieuwe ontwerpwedstrijd. Toen ben ik geweest, en afgelopen jaar ben ik weer benaderd in juni of toch april om weer te spreken en toen heb ik het weer gedaan. Afgelopen jaar heb ik het niet gedaan. Het is wel heel erg leuk maar je merkt toch dat het ontzettend veranderd is. De communicatie vooraf bijvoorbeeld. Ik kreeg allemaal vragen vanuit de HEMA die ik al eerder heb beantwoord. De informatie die ik eerder gegeven heb is niet binnen de organisatie gebleven. Toen kreeg ik het verhaal te horen dat er heel veel is veranderd binnen HEMA, er zijn heel veel mensen ontslagen en er is veel gehusseld.
13. De ontwerpwedstrijd zelf was heel anders? Of was HEMA zelf anders?
De hele ontwerpwedstrijd is best wel een geoliede machine. Ze hebben een standaard verhaal van dit gaat vertellen, dan de voorbeelden dan komt de opdracht, dan de vragen. Daarna stuur je uiteindelijk je ontwerp in, dan wordt er uitgekozen wie er heeft gewonnen, prijsuitreiking etc. Later komt nog de publieksprijs, dan moet je een paar maanden sterren scharrelen bij vrienden kennissen etc. Dan gaat het niet meer om wie er het beste is maar wie het grootste netwerk heeft. Maar ja de ontwerpwedstrijd is steeds het zelfde, zelfs de eisen zijn elk jaar het zelfde.
14. Bepaald de HEMA uiteindelijk wat in ontwerp wordt genomen?
100% kan ik het niet zeggen. Uhm..Ik kan me herinneren dat de HEMA tegen mij zei we hebben jou geen prijzen gegeven omdat de helft van de jury het geen goed idee vond. Dus ze hebben mij in de publieksprijs gezet om te kijken wat het publiek vindt. Ik ben heel sociaal en heb mijn netwerk wel gebruikt en hard mijn best gedaan. Maar ik weet niet of ze mij hebben laten winnen omdat ze mijn idee goed vinden want een andere jongen had niets gewonnen en dat werd ook geproduceerd. Dus dat kan ook. Hij had ook 750 euro gekregen.
15. In productie betekend dus een geld bedrag?
Ja je moet tekenen. Dan wordt verwacht teken maar. Het stomme is, je zit in een positie want je bent student 750 is veel. Plus hoeveel mensen krijgen nou iets dat in de winkel ligt weetje wel. Ze weten donderds goed dat je niet gaat onderhandelen. Ze zeggen ook dat daar geen ruimte voor is.
16. Hoelang duurde het voordat je product in de winkel lag?
De uitreiking was augustus, ze zijn daarna snel aan de slag gegaan. Dat ging allemaal heel snel. Ik weet het allemaal niet meer zeker maar ik denk dat ik in oktober of november heb getekend. En in december lag het in de winkel.
17. Heb jij veel contact gehad met mede deelnemers?
Een klein beetje, meeste contact was meer achter af. Was een meisje op mijn faculteit die had ook wat ontworpen en verder was gekomen in de competitie maar met haar heb ik niet zoveel contact gehad. Er was ook een jongen van de ketelbinkie zocht zelf contact met mij. Een half jaar later ongeveer denk ik. Maar dat product was ingewikkeld om te produceren voor de HEMA dus dat duurde allemaal langer. Hij heeft mij benaderd van goh hebben ze jou ook dat contract aangeboden, wat kreeg jij? Kan ik daar over onderhandelen of niet. Ik heb gezegd probeer het gewoon, jij hebt de macht in handen. Ik had toen ik ging tekenen waaaaaaah. En heb het niet geprobeerd. Je weet niet van te voren wat je krijgt, dat wordt niet besproken. Dus je weet het pas achteraf bij het tekenen. En dan heb je alles al gedaan. Je voelt je wel een beetje in de boot genomen dat je met 750 akkoord gaat.
18. Als je de ontwerpwedstrijd zou mogen verbeteren? Hoe zou je het willen verbeteren?

Uhmm.. Ik vind het belangrijk dat je in de loop wordt gehouden. Dat je echt meer betrokken word i.p.v. een boekje. Je voelt je dan ontzettend gewaardeerd en scheelt geld. Dan kun je alles beter onderbouwen en uitleggen. Nu nemen ze alles over. Ik denk dat als ze het product zouden veranderen dat ik dat niet vooraf gehoord zou hebben. Betrokkenheid zou helpen voor mij om als design gewaardeerd te worden. Maar het is en blijft een wedstrijd dus ik had ook weinig begeleiding verwacht.
19. Weet je ongeveer hoeveel mensen er mee doen?
Volgens mij 70 vanuit mijn studie, en wij zijn nog maar een van de vele studies dus ik geloof dat er tegen de 1000 aanmeldingen waren.
20. Zou jij ooit overwegen om mee te doen als het niet van de HEMA is?
Uhm, Ja misschien. Opzich wel maar dan zou ik eerder aan een wedstrijd meedoen met innovatie prijzen. Want dan krijg je een groot bedrag om het verder te ontwikkelen. Dan zou ik daar wel aan mee willen doen. Dat is allemaal iets anders opgezet. Dan krijg je 10000 om te investeren in jou project. Maar het was een leuke ervaring want als je mijn naam in Google typt is het winnen van de ontwerp wedstrijd het eerste wat je vind.

21. Als HEMA een grote beloning zou geven zou je dan weer mee doe?
Nee, het is ook een beetje van dit heb dit heb ik afgevinkt. Het is goed zo, nu is het tijd voor wat anders. Maarre.. dat betekend niet dat ik het afraad om mee te doen, Ik laat iedereen alleen wel weten weet waarvoor ze bij deelnamen voor tekenen.
22. Ben je ook wat gaan doen met ontwerp?
Ik ben net afgestuurd, interaction design, ik minder fysiek producten. Ik zit nu bij een bedrijf waar ik heel digitaal zit. Toen ik bij HEMA rond liep dacht ik hier wil ik wel werken. Maar achteraf no way. Maar ik snap het wel want het is een groot bedrijf. Het is bam bam bam hoe sneller hoe beter. Snap dat ze wel minder tijd hebben voor ons.

Appendix C: E-mail correspondence HEMA

1. Hoe gaat de ontwerpwedstrijd precies in zijn werk?
De HEMA ontwerpwedstrijd is een besloten wedstrijd voor studenten mode-, product- en foodontwerp aan een van de erkende hbo opleidingen en universiteiten in Nederland. Alleen studenten die het betreffende schooljaar staan ingeschreven hebben de mogelijkheid om deel te nemen aan deze ontwerpwedstrijd. Bij de inschrijving wordt er een uniek deelnamenummer verstrekt aan de deelnemer. Met dit deelnamenummer kan hij of zij dan vervolgens zijn of haar ontwerp inzenden. (Hierbij behoudt HEMA zich het recht om deelnemers uit te sluiten in dien zij niet hebben voldaan aan alle voorschiften en verplichtingen die in de voorwaarden zijn opgenomen). Een deelnemer kan er voor kiezen om verschillende ontwerpen in te dienen.

Na inschrijving krijg je voorlichting van HEMA over het HEMA handschrift en de opdracht. Vervolgens ga je aan de slag en lever je een prototype met verslag in op de datum dat de ontwerpen ingeleverd moeten worden.

2. Aan welke voorwaarden moet er precies worden voldaan?
Het ontwerp moet uitsluitend bestemd zijn en ontwikkeld voor het assortiment van HEMA dat bestaat uit mode, hardwaren en food producten. Qua vormgeving en gekozen materialen moet aan een aantal regels worden voldaan: 1) Het ontwerp mag nog niet op de markt zijn, 2) het ontwerp moet een zo groot mogelijk publiek aanspreken, 3) de verkoopprijs van het ontwerp moet passen binnen de HEMA prijs-kwaliteitverhouding 4) daarnaast is het van belang dat productiewijze uitvoerig beschreven wordt bij inzending: duidelijk beschrijving van toegepaste materialen en productproces. Daarnaast moet er een technische specificatie van het ontwerp worden gegeven en een berekening van kostprijs worden opgenomen. Uit deze technische specificaties moet duidelijk naar voorkomen dat het ontwerp geschikt is voor massaproductie.

3. Wie mogen er meedoen en hoe komt HEMA aan deelnemers? Hoeveel mensen doen er gemiddeld mee aan de ontwerpwedstrijd?
Studenten aan kunstacademies, product design, Industrial design etc. Van belang is in ieder geval dat hij of zij ingeschreven staat bij een erkende HBO opleiding of universiteit in Nederland. Gemiddeld zijn er zo rond de 1200 deelnemers per jaar.

4. Is er een bepaalde doelgroep die HEMA wil bereiken? Wat voor groep mensen doet er doorgaans mee aan de wedstrijd?
Hangt van de opdracht af. De grootste doelgroep voor HEMA zijn vrouwen tussen de 25-45 jaar met kinderen. Doorgaans zijn het dus zoals ik hierboven al zei voornamelijk studenten die hun ontwerp inzenden (leeftijd varieert van 20 t/m 26 jaar).

5. Waarom heeft HEMA gekozen voor een dergelijke ontwerpstrijd waarin deelnemers de ontwerpen/ideeën leveren?
Het doel van de HEMA ontwerpwedstrijd is een bijdrage te leveren aan de praktijkvorming van de deelnemers van de betrokken opleidingen. Met deze wedstrijd streven wij ernaar om vormgeving onder de aandacht te brengen onder breed publiek. Door de publiciteit die ontstaat rondom onze ontwerpwedstrijd, zorgen wij ervoor dat jonge ontwerpers in de belangstelling komen. Niet alleen voor HEMA publiek maar natuurlijk ook voor vakgenoten. Daarnaast streven wij ernaar één of zelfs meer ingezonden ontwerpen in productie te nemen per ontwerpwedstrijd.

6. In Hoeverre worden de deelnemers betrokken in het ontwerpproces, tot hoe ver reikt hun invloed?
In eerste instantie zal er gekeken worden of winnende ontwerpen uitgewerkt kunnen worden. Dit zal altijd in overleg gebeuren met de deelnemer. Vaak zie je dat er nog een aantal onduidelijkheden zijn dus vragen wij de deelnemer voor een uitbreiding (schetsen, uitleg, tekeningen). Wij houden de deelnemer zo goed als mogelijk op hoogte van de voortgang. Als er echt iets wezenlijks veranderd aan het ingezonden oorspronkelijke ontwerp dan zullen wij dit altijd in overleg doen met de deelnemer. Na dit overleg, zal het aangepaste prototype getest worden door een panel, waarin de leeftijd varieert van 18 tot 65.

7. Was het doel uitsluitend om nieuwe producten te krijgen of ook voor media aandacht, klantenbinding etc?
De ontwerpwedstrijd is in leven geroepen om studenten van ontwerpopleidingen een betere praktijkvorming te bieden. Daarnaast hoopt HEMA op geschikte nieuwe producten en op publiciteit. Helaas is het met name de laatste jaren zeer lastig om de winnende ontwerpen daadwerkelijk op de schappen te krijgen.

8. Welke problemen zijn er ontstaan tijdens de ontwerpwedstrijden - hoe zijn die tot nu toe opgelost?
Er zijn vooral problemen met het uiteindelijk in productie nemen van de ontwerpen. De kosten zijn veel hoger dan de opbrengsten. Dat zou natuurlijk niet moeten. Daarnaast is soms technisch niet mogelijk om de producten uit te werken. Dat heeft de jury dan niet kunnen voorzien. Bepaalde ontwerpen bestaan al. Deze vallen dan ook af.

8. Op welke manier worden de deelnemers beloond voor hun werk?
De 1e, 2e, 3e prijs en de publiekswinnaar krijgen een geldbedrag. Verder krijgen genomineerden veel publiciteit en hopelijk leren studenten tijdens van het ontwerpproces.

9. Hoe wordt bepaald wie de wedstrijd wint?
De juryleden gaan in eerste instantie na of een inzending voldoet aan de in dit document gestelde criteria. Wanneer een inzending afwijkt van de eisen, valt deze buiten verdere beoordeling. Bij de beoordeling is er sprake van anonimiteit van de deelnemer. Nadat de jury beoordeelt heeft of het betreffende ontwerp voldoet aan alle genoemde eisen, zullen zij bepalen of het ontwerp van kwaliteit is en kent de jury beschikbare prijzen toe. De jury neemt besluiten met de meerderheid van de stemmen. Daarnaast beoordelen daarvoor aangestelde productspecialisten van de HEMA de inzendingen en toetsen ze de haalbaarheid van zowel de product als de verkoop in de HEMA. Daarnaast kan het publiek ook nog stemmen op het ontwerp waar zij van denken dat dit een goed idee is.

10. In hoeverre houdt HEMA contact met de winnaars, blijft er een samenwerkingsproces?
Ja, zoals ik hierboven al vernoemde: in eerste instantie zal er gekeken worden of winnende ontwerpen uitgewerkt kunnen worden. Dit zal altijd in overleg gebeuren met de deelnemer. Vaak zie je dat er nog een aantal onduidelijkheden zijn dus vragen wij de deelnemer voor een uitbreiding (schetsen, uitleg, tekeningen). Wij houden de deelnemer zo goed als mogelijk op de hoogte van de voortgang. Als er echt iets wezenlijks veranderd aan het ingezonden oorspronkelijke ontwerp dan zullen wij dit altijd in overleg doen met de deelnemer.

Appendix D: Transcription symbols

Stage 1: Idea generation - Red

Stage 2: Concept development - Blue

Stage 3: Concept testing - Yellow

Stage 4: Prototype building - Purple

Stage 5: Prototype testing - Green

Stage 6: Launch - Brown

Advantages Co-creation - Bold

Disadvantages Co-creation - Underlined

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Marketing Innovation

...Introduction Today more than ever before, marketing is the steward of the entire customer journey and building a bond with customers wherever they are. Marketing is in the driver’s seat but with that power comes responsibility and pressure for marketers to be exceptional. But, in a crowded space it’s harder and harder to be exceptional. In today’s world marketing is crowded and your audience is constantly bombarded with marketing messages. You find yourself facing the challenge of how you can break through the noise. To accept the challenge and excel in marketing you need to embrace the shift from talking at people to engaging with people, and work to build meaningful, life-long and personal relationships. In order to build those relationships you will have to shift how you think about and how you do your marketing. You need to be innovative. This ebook explores innovation in today’s marketing world. It will show you how marketers think about, foster, and deploy innovation in their organizations and are making the shift from mass marketing to the new era of engagement marketing. “Times have already changed; customer engagement is the new battle ground on which we will be measured.” —  REW NICHOLSON, CEO, D OGILVYONE DNX 01 Key Take-Aways As part of Marketo’s 2014 Marketing Nation Roadshow Tour, we surveyed the attendees at the London stop about innovation in marketing and the state of innovation in their organization. Survey participants were...

Words: 1943 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Marketing Innovations

...Assignment #3 List five innovations. Label each innovation as continuous, dynamically continuous, or discontinuous. Defend your selection of type of innovation. Do not used the same examples as used in the text. McDonald's Snack Wrap: This is an example of a continuous innovation. The ingredients and taste might be slightly different from typical wraps( e.g wraps from Taco Bell) but we still eat the wrap in the same manner that we would eat any other wrap. It's a modification of an existing product. Venus Water Shaving Razors: This is another example of a continuous innovation. In the past we would need to use shaving cream/gel before shaving, but with the new shaver, all you have to do is dip the blades in water and it'll work like a shaving cream/gel. It's a modification and improvement of an existing product. Bella and Birch Textured Paints: These can be applied like a wallpaper without the use of glue. It's a dynamically continuous innovation as it can exert a degree of influence on usage and behavior patterns. This doesn’t really change the demeanor/behavior of the applicator. Norplant Contraceptive: This is an example of a discontinuous innovation as this innovation required significant changes in behavior of significant importance to the individual. This kind of contraceptive is made of six small silicone capsules and becomes implanted in the upper arm of the female and stays effective for five years This requires the female to completely step...

Words: 285 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Innovation in Services Marketing

...C1213447Q COURSE SERVICES MARKETING COURSE CODE CUHT 402 LEVEL 4.1 PROGRAMME BACHELOR OF SCIENCE HONOURS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY DUE DATE 31 AUGUST 2015 QUESTION: Innovate or die. Explore the central role played by innovation in achieving sustainability and competitiveness of Zimbabwe’s hospitality and tourism sector. Innovate or die. Explore the central role played by innovation in achieving sustainability and competitiveness of Zimbabwe’s hospitality and tourism sector. Innovation is a new idea, more effective device or process. It is an inbred human quality that has ensured mankind survives the harsh reality of the world that he lives in and thrives despite all the negatives and challenges of his existence. According to the latest statistics from World Economic Forum (2015) Zimbabwe was ranked 115 out of 141 countries in terms of travel and tourism competitiveness. Without innovation Zimbabwe could easily sink further in the rankings. New idea injection and implementation is of an urgent need in Zimbabwe at the moment in order for it to compete both regionally and internationally. Innovation in sustainable tourism practices is a double edged sword in this endevour as well...

Words: 2690 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Innovation Report Marketing

...CHAPTER 1 COMPANY PROFILE 1.1 COMPANY DESCRIPTION Smart-Tech Product Technology SDN BHD was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1965 on 30th June 2015. Smart-Tech Product Technology SDN BHD performance has stepped forward to increase the supply of its expertise in the field of kitchen equipment innovation. With a leading of board of directors skill in business field, Smart Product Technology SDN BHD now aims to diversify its activities to participate in the field of industrial and service sectors and field of business thrive. Smart Product aims to make a company successful in the rural sector as well as create a more dynamic, attractive and profitable operation in line with the strategy of the program orientation profit and social obligations of the program. Smart-Tech Product Technology SDN BHD also have confidence in building a reputation and image of their own business to ensure quality of product provided are effective and provide best product to customers. The company is confident with the capability to continue taking an active and growing a business, thereby the quality of the company will continue to provide quality work to gain the trust of any parties involved. The company also takes about competition that exists in this sector. However, with the dedication of all staff and workers in the production of a quality standard, the company felt that this creates a healthy competition in the development of this industry. Healthy competition will soon provide...

Words: 589 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Marketing Design and Innovation

...Marketing, Strategy and Enterprise 13 Marketing Design and Innovation Customer Name Marketing, Strategy and Enterprise 13 Marketing Design and Innovation Customer Name Contents Acknowledgement: 3 Reflective Essay 4 The Apple IPhone line 5 The Introduction of the IOS Operating System 6 The IPhone 1 matches up to expectations 7 The Marketing Genius of IPhone 1 7 The Benefits of the IPhone series and how the customers take advantage from them: 8 The Uniqueness of the Apple IPhone Line 10 The Brand Appeal of Apple IPhone Series 11 Conclusion: 13 Bibliography 14 Acknowledgement: I would like to start this document by thanking all my instructors who played a vital role in ensuring that I had the necessary knowledge to attempt this assignment successfully. I would also like to thank my fellow students who not only supported me morally throughout the course of this assignment but also took on the duty of completing the proof reading process of this assignment and pointing out small typing errors and general grammatical deficiencies. I would also like to thank my parents who supported me entirely in the course of this assignment. Reflective Essay The company that I have chosen for this assignment is Apple. Apple is one of the largest technological giants of the world with products ranging from LED televisions to Smart Phones. In this particular assignment, we will be focusing on the Smart Phone line of Apple. Apple is embroiled in a...

Words: 3937 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Marketing and Innovation, the Same Fate

...Marketing and Innovation, the same fate. Sandor Luis Miranda. Student Number: 20145716003 ABSTRAC In this paper a literature review on the development of the innovation process in the course of the years and the importance of SMEs for the same is made. Turn reference to the relevance of the innovation process presented in the marketing strategy of companies to succeed in an increasingly dynamic, demanding and competitive market is. The article also different classifications of innovation are explained according to their degree of implementation, degree origin effect of innovation and its origin, as well as generations or models that have characterized the process of innovation over time. Key words: Innovation, Marketing, Management INTRODUCTION. In an era of globalization and high competitiveness of products, as it is in the changing world of marketing you need to be alert to the demands and expectations of the market, it is vitally important innovation factor. Competitiveness and the need to innovate to continue and grow in the current and future market are concepts used daily in many institutions. The marketing of innovation is a novel approach to technology management to solve the problem of linking research, technological development and the world of new business efficiently. Innovation and marketing are, in competitive markets today, two fundamental tools for business differentiation. Two tools capable of supporting a company as a market leader. The...

Words: 4060 - Pages: 17

Free Essay

Green Marketing: Opportunity for Innovation

...more substantial affair, and it has begun to get to grips with some of the difficulties involved in the greening of companies rather than just focusing on the necessities and the opportunities. So new chapters covering ‘The Secret to Avoiding Backlash’ and how to ‘Work from the Inside Out’ deal with some of the implementational issues that those who rushed off enthusiastically clutching the first edition may have encountered. There are other changes too. The book’s emphasis has changed to reflect the evolution of the green agenda. It deals with the change in environmental concern to become less explicitly ‘top of mind’ among many consumers and managers, instead becoming more of a central core value influencing consumption and marketing decisions. The chapter on dealing with different stakeholders is now entitled ‘Teaming Up for Success’ reflecting the trend towards collaborative solutions for environmental problems. It is a pity that these developments in the book have not really been matched by a more sophisticated approach to the characterisation of green consumers. The book has a very useful discussion of green consumer psychology, but it still classifies consumers according to the Roper Organisation’s ‘True Blues’ to ‘Basic Browns’ framework which is very simplistic and perhaps too American to be very useful...

Words: 687 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Marketing: Strategic Innovation in Globally Diverse Markets

...Praxis II: Marketing in the 21st Century Marketing: Strategic Innovation in Globally Diverse Markets December 23, 2012 Abstract This paper will explore the potential evolution of the role of consumer marketing. I will examine the role of the retailer and the consumer on the Internet and the vital changes retailers must incorporate to stay competitive in the marketplace. In addition, I will discuss the role of personalized marketing, traditional advertising versus online advertising, changes in the marketplace attributable to globalization, the implications of interpersonal communications, and management of the 5Ps. Personalized Marketing Personalized marketing (sometimes referred to as one-to-one marketing) is the marketer attempt to provide the customer individual attention through a variation of methods. Personalized marketing is a strategic approach which involves tailoring products differently for each and every consumer while retaining the principles of mass production. One-to-one marketing is attributable to two converging phenomena: the interactive flow of information made possible by robots and just-in-time inventory (Lampel & Mintzer, 1996, p. 21). In order for a company to be effective in personalized marketing, the company must be able to gather information on the target individual. Today, with the power of technology this is a widespread practice on the Internet. The Internet provides a medium to make one-on-one personalization practical for...

Words: 4478 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

Case Study Gillette Product and Marketing Innovation

...Questions: (1) Evaluate product innovation at Gillette throughout its history. Has Gillette been a victim of its own success? Has product innovation in the wet-shaving market come to an end? Explain. Gillette had dominated the personal shaving market for quite a long time. They did not focus on product innovation very much, and when it did, it focused on acquiring existing product lines. In 1962, when Wilkinson Sword launched its stainless-steel blade, Gillette finally had competition. Wilkinson Sword could not exploit the niche it had created and Gillette was able to purchase much of their existing blade business. However, the damage was done and the competition dropped their market share to an all-time low. Gillette continued to diversify their product line, but was met with mixed success. It was at that time that Gillette gained even more dominance in its market by their product development. It began continuously attacking its own products. From the Trac II to Atra to Sensor to Mach3 to Fusion, Gillette kept on innovating and attacking it own products. It revolutionized the wet-shaving market throughout the world through continuous evolution in their product line since its inception. In many ways Gillette has been a victim of its own success - when they were being innovative, they were "cannibalizing" their own successful products. While their new inventions drove up their sales, it often took away from the sales of its previous products and did not increase...

Words: 707 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Shared Practice: How Can Technology Innovations Affect Marketing Strategies

...Discussion 2: Shared Practice: How Can Technology Innovations Affect Marketing Strategies? The vast development of technology has a tremendous effect on marketing strategies. More and more business are getting on board in fear of being left out and eventually not being able to keep up. This rapid change has increase collaboration through effective communications within organization and also consumers and businesses. The companies that have effectively integrated innovation technologies into their prospective marketing strategies are Xpress GRTA, Georgia United Credit Union and Department of Human Resources. Xpress is a transportation services that serves the metro Atlanta region with valuable transportation. Also known as (GRTA) Georgia Regional Transportation Authority, (GRTA) provides reliable and stress-free commutes for workers to get to and fro their places of employment. Earlier this month Xpress has incorporated some major changes that will provide more efficiency service to their consumers. More buses, more schedules, and more stops. (GRTA) has effectively integrated innovative technologies by providing an app where consumers can track their track the status of their bus. Where is my bus? Schedule and locate me. Consumers are able to know what time the next bus is...

Words: 906 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Innovation in Product

...Group 16 Innovation in Product Submission #2 Anant Jain B15131 Ankit Goel B15132 Anshul Jain B15134 2015 1. Introduction Innovation is refinement in a product, process, method, or a part thereof. Innovation has become a buzz-word in recent years, with increasing relevance of ‘innovation-centred business models’, and ‘innovation-led-entrepreneurism’. In fact, the success stories of Industrial America, technological Silicon Valley, American financial market, etc., are tales of constant innovations. ‘Digitization’ has shifted access to knowledge and information from a privilege to convenience: anyone who is willing and able to pay, has an access. Also, sharing of information and flow of payments and tenders through internet has changes businesses like never before. 1.1 What is Product Innovation? Product Innovation can be defined as creating a new product, or making changes in the existing product, or creating a differentiation in terms of utility or features of the product. Light Bulb, telephone, microprocessors, digital displays were great innovation in terms of making of new products, i-pods, cell phone, integrated circuits were innovations in terms of modification in existing products. Not all product innovations are technological breakthroughs- take a safety pin for example. Even candle, fountain pen, and scissors are examples of path-breaking revolution, that didn’t require significant technology, or invention capabilities. On the other...

Words: 6719 - Pages: 27

Premium Essay

Management

...4 The Development and Implementation of Marketing Information System Within Innovation: The Increasing of Innovative Performance Ondrej Zizlavsky Brno University of Technology Czech Republic 1. Introduction In his work, a prominent Czech expert on innovations, (Valenta, 2001), reached the conclusion that current tougher and tougher competition, globalization of production and markets, as well as implementation of new technologies mean that the success of businesses is dependent on effectiveness and intensity of innovation activities. Innovation is a process that is created via interactions between various actors, e.g. (Dolourex, 2004) and represents an important element of a company's future success. Each innovation is unique and specific for every entrepreneurship. American authors warn that innovation is more than just an idea or thought. It is bringing an idea to life (Tidd & Bessant, 2009). Currently, innovation is considered a decisive condition of a competitive advantage in entrepreneurship. This is stressed by prominent Czech, as well as foreign experts; e.g. (Hamel & Green, 2007; Kislingerova, 2008; Kosturiak & Chal, 2008; Skarzynski & Gibson, 2008). The course of the fading economic crisis that negatively impacted operation of current business unambiguously supports the inevitability of innovations. A company that strives to maintain and strengthen its position on the market has to implement a suitable innovation policy that would enable it to achieve a more advantageous...

Words: 9789 - Pages: 40

Premium Essay

Marketing Perfromance

...Chapter 15—Marketing Performance Measurement MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The balanced scorecard measures the performance of a business unit from: |a. |a customer perspective. | |b. |a financial perspective. | |c. |a learning and growth perspective. | |d. |all of the above. | |e. |(a) and (b) only. | ANS: D PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | CB&E Model Strategy | R&D Managing strategy & innovation 2. The level of marketing control that examines whether the strategy is being implemented as planned and whether it produces the intended results is termed: |a. |strategic control. | |b. |annual plan control. | |c. |strategic component control. | |d. |profitability control. ...

Words: 3636 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Mkt569 Midterm

...planned innovation and new product development to manage its technology life cycle, i.e., product life cycle The ways in which BMW has planned innovation, and new product development, to manage their technology life cycle and product life cycle, has been accomplished through consistent innovation. In consideration of the life cycle of BMW, there are many factors taken into account when developing a marketing strategy. Life Cycle Value Assessment (LCVA), or life cycle analysis, is a tool used to determine environmental, economic, and other various determining factors which can influence the entire life cycle of a given product. It also serves to influence important business decisions. The continued growth and success of BMW can be defined by the way in which they focus on culture as a company. According to the article, Innovation: A Strategic HR Imperative, “For example, BMW’s continued success is its strategic focus on developing customer-friendly innovations, coupled with an approach to innovation management that is unique within the automotive industry” (Stanleigh, 2012). BMW sets themselves apart because they prescribe to the philosophy of a company knowing what it stands for, and capitalizing on its strengths; by doing so it can more easily develop and implement a clear strategy. While some companies put their primary focus on manufacturing, BMW also incorporates innovation throughout every department within the organization, including sales and marketing, human resources...

Words: 1993 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Customer Clusters

...Customer Clusters as Sources of Innovation-Based Competitive Advantage Vishal Bindroo, Babu John Mariadoss, and Rajani Ganesh Pillai ABSTRACT The authors examine the effect of customer clusters on a firm’s innovation. They argue that knowledge leveraged from customer clusters can help the firm develop innovations. The authors specifically concentrate on the effect of a firm’s geographical proximity and diversity of customer clusters on innovation outcomes. In addition to showing the importance of customer cluster proximity on firm innovation, they explore the effect of customer cluster heterogeneity on innovation in an international marketing environment. They test the theoretical model using multicountry data (N = 288) drawn from the U.K. innovation survey implemented by the Economic and Social Research Council, which collected the data across five European countries. Theoretical constructs operate largely as hypothesized and explain a substantial proportion of the variation in the different innovation outcomes tested. Keywords: radical innovation, customer cluster, cluster heterogeneity, proximity, innovation speed I nnovation is frequently acknowledged as the source of organizational renewal and growth, the primary source of competitive advantage (Porter 1990), and central to marketing strategy (Varadarajan and Jayachandran 1999). Because innovation is linked to superior financial performance and survival ability of firms (Agarwal, Cockburn, and McHale 2006), creating...

Words: 11227 - Pages: 45