...Marxism-Leninism is a political way to realize the ideology of Marxism. Leninism is a derivative of Marxism. Leninism follows the general principles of Marxism, but it show some differences between them when it comes to their ideologies. Moreover, Leninism was altered to better fit the Russia’s October Revolution and also suitable for the early 20th century. Marx only worked in theories, so it seems that the system was no real meaning since in his minds he already made perfect sense. According to Marxist analysis, as the contradiction becomes apparent to the proletariat, social unrest between the two antagonistic classes intensifies. Thence there will culminate in a social revolution to resolve this problem. Based upon a materialist interpretation of historical development, history moved on an inevitable path from hunter-gatherer to slavery, to feudalism to capitalism to imperialism to socialism and finally achieve communism. Marxism stated that each of these stages evolve into the next stage when they were fully mature and through a process which is class struggle. In Lenin opinion, Russia was imperialist and barely capitalist, Although it had only just shaken off feudalism, this stage could be telescoped or shortened to allow for a socialist revolution. Other major revision was that Marx claimed that the peasantry was always conservative and would support the existing regime. Lenin tried to put Marx's theories into practice. Leninism is a type of political system...
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...The Rise of Socialism and Communism: Marxism “The classes and the races, too weak to master the new conditions of life, must give way. They must, perish in the revolutionary holocaust” (Karl Marx). Marxism was created in the mid-1800s by two German philosophers named Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Since the beginning of the 21st century Marxism has been making a comeback due to Marxism-Leninism in Asia and Eastern Europe, different morals of the upcoming generation, and due to the fact that it is one of the key components of the Communist style government that is being introduced around the world. Marxism-Leninism was created together in 1929, which was 5 years after Lenin’s death, by Joseph Stalin. Many communist parties today imagine it...
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...According to Eatwell and Wright (Eatwell, Wright. 1999, pg. 104) Marxism is the theory of communism the practice- or else that both are perplexing mixtures of theory and practice. The history of Marxism is essentially the history of putting theories into practice to solve practical problems. which in turn promotes the continuous development of human society. Its impact far exceeds its theoretical scope and significance and an important reason lies in the fact that Marxism originates from practice, guides the practice and is developed in the practice. Karl Marx is considered by many to have been the greatest thinker and philosopher of all time. His idea on life, society and social structure revolutionized the ways in which people think and still holds much relevance in today’s society. Although there were many downfalls within his thinking he still set out the basis of Communism within Russia. Marx drew distinctions between the bases of his own contemporaries and his own scientific theory of which he believed were firmly rooted within society. He believed that social change was needed in order to achieve a better society for everyone and in order to achieve social change there must be class conflict. Marx’s major concern for social change was economic change and his most famous work dealt with the issues of class conflict and the opposition between the capitalists/bourgeoisie and the working class. During that time it was the bourgeoisie who were responsible for the controlling...
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...Communism in Russia Communism in Russia has a negative impact on its citizens. There are mixed opinions about communism in Russia. For example, in communist Russia they have a powerful economy. If Russia was how Marx envisioned, it would be exceptional but now it’s corrupt. Because of several major factors, Russia should not be a communist country. Many people don’t know that communism in Russia has a vast and rugged history. To start, the original vision for it is called Marxism and was created by Karl Marx in the early twentieth century. According to Britannica, Marx had originally desired for Russia to be a democracy so the people could vote on their leader or have a referendum. Marx had also thought out communism for many years and...
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...for the Russia people during his life time, unfortunately at the expense of many lives, and others he sent into exile, in gulag camps in Siberia. He was born in Gori, Georgia, the son of a poor shoemaker in 1879. Like most young Russian men, of Stalin time, he struggled to find his way, but after much hardship in Georgia. He grew to be anti-government and the Marxist ideas were his new found believes. Stalin elected President after Lenin death in 1924. “The Russian Revolution was a war between the Bolshevik (Red Guard), communist, and Mensheviks (White Guard)”, Frazee, C. A. p179. Joseph Stalin fought in the civil war Bolshevik, standing strong on his ideals of socialism was the only way Russian would survive. His authoritarian rule forced the Russian people to believe as he did that socialism the right way and capitalism was wrong. While Stalin was in power, his ruling strategies industrialized the country, communized their agriculture, and he made Russia a more active country on international affairs, he lead his country to a superpower. The early years of Stalin were the foundational years that gave him the true since of poverty, “an uptown boy, he distinguished himself in fighting, in Russian of the late 1880 and early 1890, Stalin at the age of fifteen adopted the Marxist ways” Davies, S. and Harris J P30. The ideas of Marxism, in the beginning, remained blind to the majority of Georgian’s country men. He attended Tiflis seminary; Stalin continued to study Marxism with...
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...（1） In 1945, just after World War II, the alliance between the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union ended. An intense rivalry between communist and non-communist nations led to the Cold War. It's called the Cold War because it never led to armed or "hot" conflict. At the end of World War II, at the Yalta Conference, Germany was divided into four occupied zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Berlin was also divided into four sections. Lack of a mutual agreement on German re-unification was a important background of the Cold War. And on March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill, gave his "iron curtain" speech while at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, which marked the start of the Cold War. The cold war did not end until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. During this period, the United States and the USSR confronted each other in politics, economy, ideology, and so on. And they nearly divided this world into two camps, socialist camp and capitalist camp, what made the conflict on ideology especially sharp. Every incident in the world could not happened without reasons, and the original cause may happened quite long ago. So there are long term causes and short causes of the Cold War. One of the short term causes is that the US President had a personal dislike of the Soviet leader Josef Stalin. At the Potsdam Conference starting in late July 1945, serious differences emerged over the future development of Germany and...
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...Vladimir Lenin was best known for being the founder of the Communist Party of Russia. Lenin was born in Simbirsk, Russian on April 22, 1870. His mother and father were both well educated and his dad was a professor. During his childhood, Lenin was a very gifted and intelligent student. He became fascinated with the studies of Karl Marx and was convinced that the teachings of “Marxism” were used to model the idea of a perfect government. In the year 1917, Lenin and the Bolshevik Party overthrew the Russian government. This takeover is referred to as the Bolshevik Revolution. After taking over the government, Lenin created the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and appointed himself to be the head of this new government. Upon establishing...
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...Paulo Freire, a Christian-Marxist In this paper, I will be addressing the topic of how Christianity and Marxism cannot be yoked together. Let me first state that the kind of Christianity Paulo Freire says he believes in, is Catholicism. The Catholic Church tends to have beliefs that are not completely true to the Word of God because they take some scripture out of context. I do not claim to be of any certain doctrine of Christianity; however, I do claim that I am a Bible believing Christian. Everything I believe comes directly from the Bible and without distorting its words; I believe exactly what it says. For this reason, I have a problem with Freire’s belief system. I believe Freire must pick either Christianity or Marxism. I think he is “riding the fence” on his choice of beliefs. If he continues to say he practices both, then he will always be questioning himself in more areas than one. When someone hears the combination of a Christian-Marxist, their first reaction will usually be “that’s an oxymoron,” or “that’s impossible.” How can they actually say they are Christian-Marxists, knowing that all they believe in is constantly contradicting itself? Freire will always, in my opinion, be questioning himself if, unless he looks into either one of the beliefs. Perhaps he will change his mind completely. After doing some research on Marxism, I do not believe Freire understands the full extent of it, which is why he believes himself to be Christian as well. In the article...
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...Lesly Morrow Professor Chandler Western Civilization 27 November 2013 Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto is a book written by Karl Marx and Friederick Engels. It was written 70 years before the Russian Revolution overturned capitalism. There are many prefixes to it including, the 1872 German Edition, Preface to the 1882 Russian Edition, the 1883 German Edition, Preface to the 1888 English Edition, the 1890 German Edition, the 1892 Polish Edition, and the 1893 Italian Edition. It caused a revolution to arise in Paris, causing a wave of revolutions to spread throughout Europe, and marked the beginning of Marxism. Marx was born in Trier, Germany, in 1818. His family was German Jews. Most of the people in Trier were Catholic, but Marx's father decided to abandon their Jewish faith and become Protestant in order to keep his job as a lawyer. Marx received his Ph. D. at the University of Berlin. He planned to teach there, but could not obtain a position because he professed Atheism. Marx decided on a career in journalism and became the editor of the Bourgeois newspaper of Cologne in 1842. He was suppressed from the newspaper for his radical views and moved to Paris, where he met Friederick Engels and became life, long friends. In 1847, Marx and Engels joined the Communist League, a tiny group of German socialist revolutionaries. They were advocates of the radical working-class movement. They linked the Communist Manifesto to the struggles of the...
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...history of Russia is extremely important. How did it become what it is today? From the before the Russian revolution in 1917, communism became a driving force in the Russian existence. The cultural background in Russia also played an important role informing what the country is today. The new leaders such as Lenin, who introduced Marxism to the Russian society, often viewed capitalism as evil. The Russians also prided themselves in their army. With the emphasis placed on the military, the economy under communism has struggled immensely. These traits will eventually lead to the downfall of Communist Russia. The Russian population came forth from a mixed heritage, mainly Slavic. The language and tools of the early Russians is often related to agricultural work, thus it emphasizes their way of life. The growth of towns and villages bring a rise economically socially and politically, which changed the lives of the Slavs from a rural people to a more not so much urban people but less rural people. Class distinction was beginning to develop amongst the people as wealth from these villages and the enterprises in them In the beginning not all people were under strict control of the Czar, also, not all that were under the Czar were Russian. The Russian culture was very diverse due to colonization. It is not uncommon for someone at this time to be a Finn, Slav, or other race. Russians are not a race, but an ethnic group of mixed background. Some leaders of Russia can be...
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...examine Marxist perspective on today’s society (33 marks) The Marxist perspective is based on the works of Karl Marx and argues that society is divided into two classes; the upper class, referred to as the bourgeoisie, and the working class, referred to as the proletariat. According to Marxism, the bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat by making them work long hours with little rewards, whilst they receive all the benefits – this is what Marx referred to as capitalism. In this capitalist system, the working class experience a false class consciousness; this is where they are not aware of the fact that they are being exploited by the ruling class. Marx claimed that the only way to resolve this conflict between the two classes is by evolving from a capitalist society into a communist society, where everyone is equal. However, many sociologists disagree with Marxism and Marx’s ideas of the capitalist system, this is due to the fact that in today’s society, there has been a massive growth in a third class – the middle class. This was growth of the middle class was not predicted by Marx, therefore leaving many sociologists to question whether other ideas suggested by Marx and elaborated by Marxism are valid and true to today’s society. Therefore the Marxist perspective cannot be applied to today’s society. Marx claimed that the working class within society would realise that they are being exploited by the ruling class and break free from their false class consciousness which they...
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...perfect circle, Plant do not move at same rate, speed is related to distance) 4. Newton C. Accomplishments in Medicine (Physician> Surgeon (trained by guild system)> Pharmacist (guild)> Barbers>folk medicine or herbalist> hospital (when you are about to die, you go to hospital)) 1. State of Medicine 2. Vesalius (Italian Physician) 3. Paracelsus (Physician) Enlightenment I. Enlightenment & Government A. John Locke B. Baron de Montesque II. Enlightenment & Belief A. Toleration B. Deism III. Ideal Societies A. Adam Smith & the Economy B. Denis Diderot &Knowledge C. Voltaire & Candide IV. Enlightened Absolutism (Frederick the Great (Russia), Catherina the Great (Russia)) A. The Monarch B. Joseph II (1742-1790) French Revolutions (1787-1794) I. Background: Crisis Control A. Financial B. Economic + Agricultural C. Social Inequalities II. 1st Revolution- Moderate (1787-1792) A. Calling of Estates General B. Tennis Court Oath C. National Assembly 1. Political Change 2. Economic Change 3. Reaction III. 2nd French Revolution (1972-4) Radical A. Problems B. Political Changes C. Trial + Execution of Louis XII + Maria Antoinette D. Emergence of Maxi million Robespierre +Committee of Public Safety E. “The Reign of Terror” F....
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...Stalin the Red Tsar. How far do you agree with this judgement? Stalin, upon his rise to power in 1929, assured the Russian peoples that he was a dedicated follower of Leninism; often saying that “Lenin is always with us” indicating that he wished to show how similar to Lenin he was going to be in his leadership. Despite this claim, in actual fact there were a number of distinctly Tsarist elements to his leadership. A Tsar is a leader who rules without parliaments in an absolute autocracy, often being resistant to any reforms; maintaining the feudal, peasant-based illiterate society. Furthermore, they were often intrinsically bound with the Russian Orthodox Church as well as being distinctively imperialistic and chauvinistic. To a large degree, Stalin fitted this model, perhaps most notably due to his “top-down” approach to leadership, thus leading to the idea that he was a “Red Tsar”. He did not fit the model fully, though, especially when it came to being anti-reform, where in fact Stalin was all for reform (though not always for the better) and believed in modernising the USSR and, despite his anti-Western stance, was a Westerniser and not a Slavophile. He was also not imperialistic like the Tsarist leaders had been, and knew that people would react badly to Russian cultural imperialism. The belief that Stalin was a Red Tsar perhaps also came from his self-portrayal as a ‘God-like’ figure, and his employment of very traditional tactics of fear and propaganda in his unquestionable...
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...Stalin, and Mikhail Gorbachev all played remarkable roles in Russia's history, although in very different ways. Though each could be criticized or praised for various different policies, these three leaders were perhaps undeniably the most influential leaders of Russia's history in the last hundred years. Vladimir Lenin's influence on Russia started with the release of his book What's to be Done? In 1902. When the leaders of Russian Marxism gathered for a meeting in 1903, Lenin's ideas clashed with Iuli Martov's idea of a looser, more democratic workers' party. Due to this disagreement, was complicated by other conflicts, and from this meeting Russian Marxism was split into two factions (Simkin). Lenin's faction was called the Bolsheviks (majority) while the other referred to themselves as the Mensheviks (minority). When the Revolution of 1905 occurred in Russia, widespread revolt against the czar's government spread throughout the country. However, it was eventually demolished by the government. This revolt surprised all Russian leaders, including the Bolsheviks, Lenin managed to return to Russia only in November, when the defeat of the revolution was pretty much certain (Talbot). Over the next twelve years, Bolshevism, with Lenin at it's head, gradually emerged as an independent party that had cut it's ties with all other Russian Marxists. Since about 1905, the international socialist movement had also begun to discuss the possibility...
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...Lenin walks around the world. Frontiers cannot bar him. Neither barracks nor barricades impede. Nor does barbed wire scar him. Lenin walks around the world. Black, brown, and white receive him. Language is no barrier. The strangest tongues believe him. Lenin walks around the world. The sun sets like a scar. Between the darkness and the dawn. There rises a red star. – Langston Hughes In the early 1900’s there were very few political parties focused on the plight of African Americans and their quest for civil rights. Communism had inherent within its philosophy the idea that all men and women are equal and focused on an economic model that purported to promote that equality. Karl Marx believed that capitalism thrived on exploitation and he had very concrete notions on slavery. He stated: Direct slavery is just as much the pivot of bourgeois industry as machinery, credits, etc. Without slavery you have no cotton; without cotton you have no modern industry. It is slavery that has given the colonies their value; it is the colonies that have created world trade, and it is world trade that is the pre-condition of large-scale industry. Thus slavery is an economic category of the greatest importance (Marx, 1975). Without slavery Marx believed that it would have been impossible for America to thrive. They needed that free labor to be able to build a profitable industry and forge the nation. Thus the enslavement of an entire race of people was necessary for a capitalist country...
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