...Eron Jenkins History of News Media Jeff Johnson November 28, 2011 Spanish-Language Newspapers in Ybor City and New Mexico In 1898, the Cuban War for Independence ended. 12 years later, the Mexican Revolution against the autocratic president Porfirio Díaz began. Not surprisingly, the ramifications of these two events were not limited to Cuba and Mexico. Thousands of Spanish speaking people came to the United States in search work and asylum. In Tampa, Florida, in a neighborhood called Ybor City, cigar manufacturers offered work to immigrants from Cuba and Spain. Conversely, in New Mexico, Spanish speaking people had lived in the region north of the Rio Grande for hundreds of years. However, growth and stability in the region offered new opportunities to Americans from the east and Mexican immigrants from the south. The goal of this paper will be to examine the development and content of Spanish language newspapers in these two areas from 1900-1910 by looking at two newspapers: El Diario de Tampa of Ybor City and La Estrella of La Cruces, New Mexico. To understand any aspect of any culture one must note the historical context in which the event occurs. In this case, the goal is to study the history of the news media, specifically newspapers, in Ybor City and New Mexico. Because of the corresponding migration and revolutionary atmosphere, the context of the development of the newspapers in these two places is similar. However, they diverge in terms of their...
Words: 3298 - Pages: 14
...Historians used ‘progressive diplomacy’ as an expression to explain the presidential regards of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. Both Roosevelt and Wilson, during their presidency, dealt with extreme reforms in foreign policy to change the old world order. Progressive Diplomacy, describes the trading expansion in the United States, during 1901 through 1920, which both Roosevelt and Wilson funded by accelerating the military forces in the United States. In their precedencies, Roosevelt and Wilson used the ideology of progressivism to shape their approach in changing the United States’ foreign policies through expanding the military and giving a new world order by using the value of moralism. Theodore Roosevelt used his ‘Big Stick’ approach to impact other nations in order to solve disputes with the Caribbean. Using a progressive ideology he believed in order to conserve and grow the United States’ economic and political stature, the military needed to be strengthened. He described his activism as a silent but an aggressive movement. Roosevelt’s pursued plans to enlarge foreign policy, was to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, which would expand the United States trade. He first tried to compromise a leasing consensus with Columbia, which in turn was rejected by Columbia’s senate, in the fall of 1903. Coming up with a new strategy, Roosevelt plotted against Colombia. He told Philippe Bunau-Varilla, an engineer agent...
Words: 778 - Pages: 4
...“Revolution in Texas” Texas has had a long history of conflict, revolution, animosity, and racial skirmishes. Once occupied by a vast majority of Mexicans, Texas was first claimed by the Spanish, and later declared its own independence in 1836, seceding from Mexico to become the Republic of Texas. This newfound independence was short-lived however, in 1845, the United States government decided to annex Texas in order to create a new state for the growing country. Although at the time Texas’s population was still dominated by Mexicans, slowly whites began to migrate to Texas to take advantage of fertile, cheap land, perfect for ranching and agriculture. This growing number of whites brought many problems among the native Mexican people; these will later be explored in this essay. Mexico did not take well to Texas’s secession and the United State’s recent annexation; consequently they saw the state as a rebel territory. From 1846 to 1848, the Mexican/American war was fought; ultimately, the United States won, but it did not put a stop to the localized conflicts and battles still being fought between Mexicans and the immigrating whites. Ben Johnson, author of Revolution in Texas, explores the revolution following the conclusion of the Mexican/American war. Johnson speaks of a different revolution, separate from the original war, a revolution that was fueled by racial, land, cultural, and border disputes. When the railroad finally reached Texas in 1904, this sparked a massive...
Words: 1271 - Pages: 6
...isolationist or interventionist manner. Throughout its history, from the Mexican-American War and Mexican Revolution, the U.S. in Nicaragua, and World War I, that the United States has undeniably and continuously acted as an interventionist in world affairs. The United State’s economic interests, as well as its mission to spread democracy, were leading causes for intervention. There is a fine line between encouraging change in countries and interfering in their international affairs; however, the U.S. has repeatedly crossed it. The Mexican-American War was a major military intervention for the US. The United States began to infringe upon Mexico’s sovereignty in the 1840s when the American mission of manifest destiny advances the United States’ economic interests of Westward expansion throughout Mexican territory (Lecture Sept. 24). In this case, the American public, which was influenced by the Polk administration, justified and disguised means for war and territorial and economic expansion as being “pioneers of civilization,” (Herring 201) and spreading the blessing of democracy; American public support for the war was strong. Moreover, Mexican land was the driving factor of the war because Polk considered Western territory to the Pacific Coast to be valuable as it would be pivotal to increase American power, as well as important to conquer before European powers could ally with Mexico, hindering US expansion. He therefore convinced Congress that this was enough of a threat to declare...
Words: 1467 - Pages: 6
...role of shaping it to the most successful economic country today. The Mexican- American War was interesting to me because of all the moving pieces. In Mexico you had the Federalist going against the Consecutives. The whole time this was going on you had the Abolitionist opposing the war, thinking that America wanted Mexico just to add more slave states. At this time the term “MANIFEST DESTINY” was coined . In August 1843 Santa Anna threaten war with America if they were to incorporate Texas into the Union. Herrera (new president of Mexico) didn’t take this stance. With the encouragement from Great Britain President Herrera decided to resolve the issue of Texas with diplomacy rather than war. President Herrera then told America to send an ambassador to negotiate the Settlement of the Texas boundary. America sent Ambassador Slidell to negotiate for Texas, but his intensions involved more than just the State of Texas. When Ambassador Slidell went into Mexico he had every intention to buy California and New Mexico from Mexico. United States made an offer of 25 million dollars for The Rio Grande border in Texas and another 25 to 30 million for Mexico’s provinces of Alta California (California) and Santa Fe De Nuevo Mexico (New Mexico). Mexico was not inclined nor in position to negotiate. The Mexican people thought by selling the territories to the United States that it would tarnish there national...
Words: 2102 - Pages: 9
...ART 110 – Art Appreciation Assignment #2 – Research an Artist The Early Life of the Artist 1. When was the artist born? Diego Rivera was born on December 8, 1886. (Wiki) 2. Where was the artist born? Rivera was born into a well off family in Guanajuato City, Guanajuato, Mexico. (Wiki) 3. Note any information you were able to find on the parents of the artist. Rivera’s maternal linage stemmed from Jews who had converted to Roman Catholicism. His father’s side came from Spanish nobility. (Wiki) 4. Did the artist have any brothers or sisters? Rivera was born with a twin brother, Jose Carlos, who died before he was two years old. He also had a sister, Maria del Pilar Rivera, who was 4-5 years younger than he was. (diegorivera.com) 5. What were some of the significant childhood experiences in the early life of the artist? Rivera enrolled in his first art classes at ten years old. By thirteen, his father forces him into military college, but after only two short weeks he is allowed to enroll in regular classes in San Carlos. (diegorivera.com) 6. Note any information on the education of the artist. At the age of twenty, Rivera received a four year scholarship for European study and begins training under Spanish realist Eduardo Chicharro. (diegorivera.com) 7. What was the artist’s early career like? Was it as an artist or was it in another field? By age eighteen, Diego was painting both figures and landscapes, similar to...
Words: 1656 - Pages: 7
...of more than 500,000 square miles (1,300,000 square km) of Mexican territory extending westward from the Rio Grande to the Pacific Ocean . Mexico severed relations with the United States in March 1845, shortly after the U.S. annexation of Texas, partly because of Mexican opposition to the annexation and partly because of the conviction in the North that Texas represented an expansion of slavery. Furthermore, the boundary was in dispute. Mexico claimed that the southern boundary of Texas was the Nueces River, the Texan boundary while under Mexican rule. Americans, as well as the incoming President, claimed that the boundary of Texas was the Rio Grande River. The territory between the two rivers was the subject of angry bickering between the two nations and therefore served as the catalyst for an all-out war. President Polk's true goal was to acquire the rich ports of California. When his offer to purchase the lands were rejected by Mexican President José Joaquín Herrera, who was aware in advance of the American’s intention of dismembering his country, President Polk ordered Troops under General Zachary Taylor to occupy the disputed area between the Nueces and the Rio Grande. The Mexicans retaliated by attacking U.S troops in the disputed zone. President Polk's declaration of war sent to Congress for ratification stated that Mexico "invaded our territory, and shed American blood upon the American soil." Therefore, the United States was responding to an attack on American...
Words: 783 - Pages: 4
...Diego Bustos Mrs. Schmitt English 120 21 May 2012 Traven’s Literature: Subliminal or Straight Criticism? In 1993, Bruno Traven’s Canasta de Cuentos Mexicanos was published. Although numerous people have read his work, many critics claim that Traven’s literature is nothing more than subliminal criticism. In an online “working paper,” writer Mr. Tapio Helen from the University of Helsinki, Finland, states that Traven’s ideology “is socialism and anarchism” (par 5) and Helen writes: “capitalism and bureaucracy make decent life impossible for the ordinary man.” Since Traven’s work of literature is full of subliminal criticism about capitalism functioning over subordinate countries, Traven has been the target of critics since his literature was first published in the 1930s. Despite the controversial criticism surrounding his work, Traven accurately describes the American capitalistic system, its flaws and the impact it has over subordinated countries. Traven is more mysterious and difficult to find credible information about than the majority of authors. This is because there does not exist precise data, only theories about Traven’s origin. One of the reasons of this incognita is that during his life Bruno Traven had different names in order to keep his true identity hidden. Ret Marut, Traven Torsvan, and Hal Croves are the three names most associated with Bruno Traven. His wife, Mrs. Rosa Elena Lujan, said that Bruno Traven was an actor in Germany by the...
Words: 2686 - Pages: 11
...It feels like it’s been forever since I last wrote you! We have a lot to catch up on since I moved to Mexico two months ago. I know you don’t like long, boring letters, so I’ll try to stick to the basics. There are a lot of unique landforms here. We live kind of on the Southern Pacific coast, around the Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range. Them along with the ocean make for a beautiful view to wake up to every morning. Plus, they’re way way way bigger in person! Remember when we used to draw pictures of mountains as kids? Well, our proportions were way off because in real life, they’re absolutely ginormous! But besides the mountains, the land is really good for farming. There are a few plantations and latifundios in this area that sell lots of cash crops. But only a couple hours away from where we live, there are more family and community owned farms like ejidos....
Words: 583 - Pages: 3
...Writing Assignment The World Factbook Mexico Economy - overview: Mexico is democratic country with a capitalistic economy or free market economy. It has plenty of natural resources and developing companies primarily own by the private sector it contains a combination of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture. Current management has increase competition in railroads, electricity generation, seaports, airports, natural gas distribution and telecommunication. The distribution of the income inside the country remains unstable. Regarding the free trade agreements, Mexico has with over fifty countries including Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, the European Free Trade Area, and Japan putting more than 90% of trade under free agreements. In July 2012 Mexico joined the pacific alliance with Chile, Peru and Colombia. The presidents Felipe Calderon productively pass pension and fiscal reforms in 2007. As the worlds demand for exports dropped Mexico’s GDP plunged 6.22% in 2009 asset prices dropped and so do remittances and investment. In 2010 the GDP growth was positive by 5.6% with exports, particularly by the United States, Leading the way. In 2011 growth slowed to 3.9% and recover to 4%. In 2012 Mexico’s legislature passed a labor reform which was signed into law by President Felipe Calderon by November. The new pact for Mexico was signed by the new president, Enrique Pena Nieto, along with the leaders of the country's three main political parties: the Institutional Revolutionary...
Words: 763 - Pages: 4
...Insight in Mexico and United States Name Course Instructor Date of submission World War 11 Insight The Second World War occurred between the years 1939 to 1945. Second World War was a sharp reversal for the history of Chicano. It was a new dawn where there was desperation. The depression had left population decline, hopeless communities, broken dreams, the war brought high population, rejuvenated hopes and uprising society. There was a great labor shortage due to the war and great industrial expansion. The Chicanos could get entry into jobs due to the increased demand for the military officers. The move opened ways for the Chicanos; they left their traditional economic activities and were employed in the army and the industries that had been closed up to them previously. Due to labor shortage experienced, it caused the US to turn to Mexico; there was a great need for laborers who would work for the Americans. This was the cause for the formulation of the bracero program. On august 4 1942, the US and Mexicans instituted a bracero program. The bracero program is believed to have the development of rich American agricultural industry. More than four million Mexican laborers came to work in the field of this nation. The bracero converted the American agricultural fields into the most productive in America. These farmers were experienced and very hardworking despite two million of them dying during the Mexican revolution of 1910. There...
Words: 299 - Pages: 2
...CONTRABAND Name Course Date In Border Contraband, Díaz examines the reality of change in the smuggling contraband over the Texas-Mexico border. Díaz states that the innocence of smuggling could not relate to the violence witnessed and what was reported in the news, a difference which inspired him to write the book. For example, the news media indicated that any encounter between the Texas Rangers and the border smugglers would result in the border smugglers initiating violence and the officers shooting back and killing or wounding them while they escaped unhurt. The content in the news did not reflect what Diaz had witnessed as a child in the smuggling business. Diaz notes that the initial smuggling was illegal but the items being ferried were not, unlike the tequila trafficking during prohibition and the following drug trade. The author notes that the accounts of smuggling were unbalanced due to the poor race relations at the time, and hence stories favored the perspective of law enforcement. However, he notes that most of the smugglers were not gangsters but were just evading tax. The first part concentrated on the period between 1848 and 1910 when Mexico and the United States focused on collective tariffs and the borderlands’ efforts to avoid the tariffs through smuggling. The second part started with the Mexican Revolution in 1910 when the security forces and national customs at the border moved to interdiction of prohibited items, mainly drugs, and guns. The author...
Words: 507 - Pages: 3
...Communication and Culture in Mexico Background Information on Mexico A. Brief History Mexico is situated in the southern part of mainland North America, bordered by the United States in the North, and Belize and Guatemala towards the South. Mexico was conquered and colonized by Spain in the early 16th century and is home to various Amerindian civilizations such as the Maya and Aztec tribes. Administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain for three centuries, it achieved its independence early in the 19th century. The elections held in 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that an opposition candidate - Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) - defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Another PAN candidate Felipe CALDERON succeeded him in 2006, but the PRI regained the presidency in 2012. B. Religious and Cultural Background The word “Mexico” is derived from Mexica, the name for the indigenous group also known as the Aztecs. Aside from this, Mexicans have several cultural subdivisions within the nation, most commonly identifying themselves as Northern, Central and South/South-Eastern Mexico. The extensive, desertlike north was only sparsely populated until the middle of the twentieth century - but the more densely populated central and western Mexico is the cradle of the nation. This is where highly developed Indian cultures populated the region in pre-Columbian times and was the heart of the colony...
Words: 4946 - Pages: 20
...Americans may have some similarities they are very unique in their own way. Mexican Americans Mexico gained its independence in 1821, but the formation of the national culture remained a difficult task because of political instability, foreign invasions, and military uprisings (Ansters, 2011). The primary language for Mexicans is Spanish. The heart of Mexican dishes consists of three main ingredients: beans, corn, and hot peppers. Mexico has numerous occasions that called for special food. The Dia de la Candelaris which is on February 2nd celebrates the purification of Mary and the presence and blessing of Jesus. After the ceremony families join together for tamales. Mexico is a federal republic and its government operates under a centralized government. Government powers are divided between executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Mexican’s extended family members are very important to them. They very often seek opportunities to gather with each other. Mexico has a free-market economy that has a mixture of traditional and modern industry and agriculture (Ansters, 2011). Mexican economy has experienced internationalization, privatization, and deregulation. The dominant religion in Mexico is Roman Catholicism. Catholic beliefs pervade the like of Mexicans. Mexico’s religious rituals are determined by the Catholic calendar with Easter being the most important. Each community in Mexico has its own patron saint which they can honor with processions and fiestas every year (Ansters...
Words: 1029 - Pages: 5
...Advancing trust in the mexican marketplace Bernardo altamirano rodriguez Found and CEO-BBB Mexico (better business bureau, founded in 1912 in Mexico) 1. Why I built the BBB in Mexico 2. Advances given 3. Development of practices and ideas for the allowance of institutions 4. Identify context of Mexican econmy 5. Business without borders a. Economic = trade liberalization and structural reforms b. Political = impact of the state in the economy and markets i. State participation in economy. c. Social = explaining middle class origins ii. Difference between US origins and Mexican middle class. iii. Different tiers of government, and public work are the two main sources of middle class in Mexico. d. Culture = risk averse and prejudices towards businesses iv. Mexico is more risk averse to investment of money and larger prejudices towards starting businesses. v. Important community belief is that making money is not good. “rich capitalist” ideal. e. Rule of law = different legal systems and property rights vi. Different legal systems (property rights system) and considerations are important because. vii. Napoleonic law 6. Shared heritage of the US and Mexico f. We share historical origins and geographical conditions (10 states) g. Common cultural values however: viii. Different behaviors when crossing the border (both sides) ix. Huge...
Words: 1378 - Pages: 6
