...In chapter 3.7 we see the famous Hall of Mirrors. In King Louis XI’s palace of Versailles there is a large chamber filled with mirrors that reflect the gardens outside. King Louis IX hired many artists to decorate his large palace. The Hall of Mirrors is used for celebrations, greetings of dignitaries, and balls. The gardens that are reflected by the mirrors surround 2,000 acres of the palace. It is filled with 200,000 trees, 210,000 flowers, and 2,100 sculptures. Versailles is located outside of Paris, France in the country. The palace contains a 83m high dome that allowed the King to see all of Paris. It also had a bell tower which held the bell of France, La Savoyarde. King Louis XI was very committed ad loving to art. He allowed his artists...
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...The Palace of Versailles is a complex and beautiful royal château that has lived throughout history as one of the most beautiful pieces of architecture since its construction was first begun in the year 1624. From 1682, when the palace was completely built, to the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789, the Palace of Versailles housed over 3,000 people, including the king and the entire French Royal Court. The Palace of Versailles stood as a symbol of dictatorial power and degradation. More buildings than just the royal palace were placed on the grounds as well; there were five chapels, the Grand Trianon (built during 1687 - 1688), the Pavilion Francais (built in 1747), the Petit Trianon (built during 1762 - 1768), and, though not buildings,...
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...* Versailles * Second gate * Guards stand by to secure firearms, and that people are properly dressed * Swords and hats can be rented at entrance * Caterers * Laid table for royal family * Windows- from secon room * Can see hall of mirrors * Room called the Buzai? * Take shape from circular window * Tastes youth be ever present without him * Bed Chamber * Royal bed protected by guilded building * Personification of france watches over sleeping king * The royal bed is the symbol of power * Center of bed room * All who pass have to bow before it * Ritual * Ceremony of awakening * Ceremony of Grand Awakening * Constants stream of coming and goings * 100 people buzzingle in and out * ambassadors, parliamentary officials, bishops * to be seen and gossip * Louis the XIV chooses self portrait to hand on too of door * Painting of St .John, St. Mathew, St. Marc * Royal office * Louis XV transformed this room * Symbol of septor and hand of justice * 1682-1789 Versaille is seat of absolute monarchy * King rules alone * Demands consistency and obedience * Summons counselors and documents * Architects also summoned here * Originally hunting lodge ...
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...The Versailles Treaty The Treaty of Versailles was the PEACE settlement signed after World War I ended in 1918 and in the shadow of the Russian Revolution and other events in Russia. The treaty was signed at the vast Versailles Palace near Paris between Germany and the Allies. The three most important politicians were there David Lloyd George of Britain Georges Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson of the United States. The Versailles Palace was considered the most appropriate venue because of its size many hundreds of people were involved in the process and the final signing ceremony in the Hall of Mirrors could accommodate hundreds of dignitaries. The Paris Peace Conference opened on 12th January 1919, meetings were held at various locations in and around Paris until 20th January, 1920. Leaders of 32 states representing about 75% of the world's population, attended. Negotiations were dominated by the five major powers responsible for defeating what was called the Central Power the United States, Britain, France Italy and Japan. Eventually five treaties emerged from the conference that dealt with the defeated powers. The five treaties were named after the Paris suburbs of Versailles of Germany, St Germain of Austria, Trianon of Hungary, Neuilly of Bulgaria and Serves of Turkey. The main terms of the Versailles Treaty were: (1) the surrender of all German colonies as League of Nations mandates. (2) the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France. (3) cession of Eupen-Malmedy to...
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...It is also a manifestation of glory and power imposed to a great extent by art, luxury, and magnificence” (Válerie Bajou, Versailles, 2012). It took 40 years to finally finish this colossal palace of 19,800 acres of grounds and 700 heavily ornamented rooms. It meant to be a hunting lodge for Louis XII, constructed only with stones and bricks, but Louis XIV had other plans, he wanted the palace to be the face of France. Such exhibit of power had to be produced only with the best, hence, every single piece that formed the palace had to be made in France. At the timeVenice was the major producer of mirrors in the world with the best technology fo it, but Louis XIV manage to attract Venetian artisans to work in the decoration of the Hall of Mirrors. Later, the Venetian government killed those craftsmen in order to keep the quality manufacturing processes in secret. For decorating and furnishing this gigantic building, Gobelin family’s tapestry Factory had to be nationalised adopting the name of Manufacture Royale des Meubles de la Couronne. Besides having 5 Chapels and an Opera House with perfect acoustic and an equipment mechanically built so the musicians could ascent up...
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...significant consequences; one of which was the Treaty of Versailles. This treaty was a peace settlement signed after World War 1 which came to an end in 1918. The treaty was formed in order to punish Germany for all damages she had supposedly caused in World War 1. The treaty was signed at the Versailles Palace near Paris, between Germany and the Allies. The three most important politicians were there; David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau and Woodrow Wilson. The treaty of Versailles was a peace settlement between Germany and the Allies after World War 1. The many countries that defeated Germany in World War 1 blamed Germany for causing the war and initiating severe damages.The treaty took away and placed control...
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...previous and next few years, the discontent and anger of the French against their nobility expanded rapidly, people distrusted the way national finances were been managed by the King and his court. (History.com 2009) The French debt increased every year since Louis XIV had made extravagant expenditures on luxuries such as magnifying Versailles. This was compounded by heavy costs of the Seven Years War that his heir, Luis XV financed; Luis XVI invested a large amount in the American War of Independence. “This led to the long-running fiscal crisis of the government. France was deeply indebted, so deeply as to be effectively bankrupt.” (Bonjour La France, Causes of the French Revolution, 2014). On the other hand, the population of France grew abruptly; in 1700 there were approximately 20 million people, only 89 years later the nation counted 10 million more. (Bastille-Day 2015). The French Society of the time was separated into three ranks: The First Estate was the Clergy, The Second Estates were the Nobles and the Third Estate was the Common People. Only the last ones had to pay abusive taxes, mainly to maintain the royal family and court in Versailles. Even though The Third Estate was definitly superior in...
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...Prussian territory in these lands wouldn’t belong to them any longer. In 1914, when WWI began, Germany would desire the Rhineland again. When the war ended, the Treaty of Versailles stated that the Rhineland would be occupied by the Allies. 21. In the 17th century, the Dutch republic was a commercial empire. By 1713, the Dutch (and Spanish) empires faced a sharp decline and were eclipsed by England and France. 22. In 1660, the Spanish population dropped to 5.5 million. This reduced domestic demand for goods. This led to Spain’s economic decline. 23. Isaac Newton published ‘Principia’ in 1687. It combined Newton’s own work on gravity, and the works of Kepler and Galileo into a single mathematical law of gravitation. 24. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke argued that individuals entered a social contract with their rulers. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) argued that individuals entered social contracts with one another. 25. Rousseau also distrusted reason and science. This foreshadowed the romantic reaction to the Enlightenment. 1815-1914 1. 1871-Kaiser Wilhelm was made German emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. This was a symbol of Germany’s victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War. At the end of WWI in 1918, the French PM Clemenceau chose the Hall of Mirrors to sign the Treaty of Versailles, ending WWI (a great loss for Germany.) 2. Kaiser Wilhelm the 1st led what was called the 2nd Reich. The 3rd Reich was led by Adolf Hitler. 3. In 1864, after reading...
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...sensual, light hearted movement and the art of this period greatly reflected a common way of thinking during this time. Art History II Rococo, meaning literally embedded pebble started in France at the beginning of the 18th Century, gaining popularity during the reign of Louis XV. (Rococo 1700 - 1775) Art from the Rococo movement was a reaction to the darker, heavier Baroque movement. The death of Louis the XIV brought about big changes to art and the patronage of art and the Rococo movement was one of these changes. (Kleiner, Fred S., and Helen Gardner) The start of the Rococo movement can be credited primarily to the death of Louis XIV. Upon the abandonment of Versailles by the French Nobility, they moved into Paris, and wanted to move away from the solemn Baroque style of the Palace of Versailles. So when the French court moved back into Paris, they redecorated their homes using the delicate forms and colors which would later be known as Rococo (A Brief History of Rococo Art). The Rococo movement started with interior design but soon made its way into other areas of art as well. (Rococo style | design) Rococo art, especially in architecture and interior design features natural elements such as shells, floral or leaf patterns ("Rococo Style," ). The art and architecture of this movement used highly organic forms (Style Guide: Rococo). An important and notable example of Rococo interior design is Germain Boffrand's interior designs for Hôtel de Soubise. (Hôtel...
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...political commitments” the students of Tessenow (who never agreed with Nazism himself) apparently coaxed him into attending a Nazi Party rally in a Berlin beer-hall on 5th December 1930. When Hitler entered the hall he was greeted by the applauding students. Hitler like a skilled politician cunningly crafted his speech to appeal to a well-educated upper class as well as a lower class audience. He didn’t shout excitedly, but spoke with persuasion and sombrely about his visions for Germany. Speer, of course, was enormously affected by Hitler, not just by his appearance but by his proposed solutions and offer of hope and defence against the growth of communism, answer to the ineffectual Weimar Government and the renunciation of the Treaty of Versailles. Albert Speer joined the Nazi party on...
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...strangle Japan”. He quotes Tokutomi Sohō’s comment on the Imperial Declaration of War: “We must show the races of East Asia that order, tranquillity, peace... can be gained only by eradicating... [the Anglo-Saxons] ...and by making Nippon the leader of East Asia.” The essay of Crowley aims to help the better understanding of nationalism, colonialism, communism and imperialism in the Asian setting. The post-WW1 situation 1 Besides this essay, I relayed on the Wikipedia articles of historical events as my source. 1 The essay argues that the nationalistic sentiments in Japan are rooted in several post WW1 diplomatic events which showed that Japan was not recognized as equal of the Anglo-Saxon nations. Article 156 of the treaty of Versailles (28 June 1919) transferred German concessions in Shantung(China) to Japan rather than returning sovereign...
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...The causes of the FIRST WORLD WAR 1_ The assassination at Sarajevo. (political murder) On 28th June Franz Ferdinand and his wife visited the Town of Sarajevo. The Archduke was the heir to the throne of the Empire of Austria-Hungary. As the car passed along the street, someone threw a bomb at it. The bomb bounced off the back of the car and exploded, injuring an officer in the car behind. The Archduke and his wife were unhurt. Later that day the Archduke said that he wanted to change his plans and visit the injured officer in hospital. He set off again by car, but the driver was not told the route had change. Some minutes later a man called Gavrilo Princip shot them and died. 2_ The great powers in 1914. If see the map the six most important and powerful countries in Europe were split into two armed groups. The triple Alliance. Central powers. Germany: was made up of many small states that had united and become one country only as recently as 1871. Otto von Bismarck, who was the Chancelor of the newly united Germany, firmly believed that all questions of the day could be solved by military strength by blood and iron. The stong national feeling in Germany and its wealth from industry made the Germans keen to play a leading part in world affairs. Kaiser Wilhelm II was impatient to make Germany the leading country in Europe. Austria-Hungary: the empire of Austria-Hungary was Germany´s oldest ally. German was the language of Government, but each group spoke its own language...
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...social-networking and too much visual material meant to "nourish our inspiration". Sometimes we feel we just need to stop, take a deep breath and think. Looking for creative freedom without specifications or deadlines or budgets, only a strong desire to create for the need to express. Each picture comes from a feeling, an idea that aims at provoking a reaction within the spectator's mind. This reaction is likely to be different from my own, nourishing itself from different backgrounds and personal stories. My characters, anonymous people from the street, are mirrors reflecting my state of mind as well as yours.’ Exhibitions (In Paris) Académie des Beaux-arts, Paris - Ambassade de Colombie - Paris, Ambassade d’Espagne - Paris - Ambassade de Norvège, Paris - Atelier d'Architecture Autogérée, Paris - Dr. Julio Moran, Gijon (Spain) - Cave La Franceze, Narbonne - Compagnie C(h)aracteres, Paris - Château de Versailles - Château de Langeais - Coubetage Tees, Bilbao (Spain) - Dites-le ! Agency, Paris - Fondation Danielle Mitterrand, Paris - Galerie 1900-2000, Paris - Galerie Briobox, Paris - Gobierno Vasco, Bilbao (Spain) -...
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...CLASSROOM AS A DEMOCRACY All make laws -- legislative function of govt All enforce/implement laws – executive function of govt All judge/interpret laws – judicial function of govt What will be taught, who will teach it, how students will be graded, what are rules of classroom behavior, when you have to leave, when you have to be stopped in particular behaviors, how we will support our teaching ideas, etc. In direct democracy all are legislators, executives, judges – find rules like unanimity, super-majority, majority, etc. In representative democracy, some are chosen (usually by election or rotation among all members) to make laws, enforce laws, and judge laws. Can separate legis, exec, and jud pwr into different persons to protect of too much power in a few persons hands – SEPARATION OF POWERS Can divide powers so that all agree on some rules, but separate groups can make own rules on others – DIVISION OF POWER [FEDERALISM or SHARED SOVEREIGNTY] In Germany, nobles gained more and more power until the emperor was only figurehead by 13th C. Princes and leading churchmen ran ministates as wanted – Germany was crazy quilt of hundreds of independent principalities and cities. Split b/t Catholics and Protestants made this fragmentation more severe. The Habsburg Emperor, Charles V in the middle of the 16th C almost crushed Lutheranism. Solved problem of different religions by cuius regio eius religion – whoever reigns, his religion. Then the 30 years war won...
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