...cultures in a global context. It examines issues such as how to define Asia, how Asian states related to each other, and how Western ideas of international relations have transformed these relations. The unit has two strands, each considering a set of ideas. First it examines the great religions/philosophies of Asian societies – Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Confucianism – have influenced them. It then considers international relations theory and how theories can help us understand the complexities of Asian states’ relations with each other and the wider world. Credit point value 10 Pre-requisites Nil Co-requisites Nil Unit/s incompatible with and not to be counted for credit Nil Unit level 1 Assumed knowledge None Attendance requirements Attendance below 80% at tutorials without due cause may constitute grounds for failure. Non-attendance in tutorials for illness or misadventure or other reasons should be documented and submitted to the unit coordinator upon return. Enrolment restrictions Nil Unit learning outcomes Students who successfully complete this unit will be able to: • identify of the diversity and complexity of Asia; • explain the social manifestations and international political impact of Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism and Confucianism in an Asian context; • evaluate the balance between continuity and change in Asian traditions and contemporary societies; • conduct research on traditional and modern concepts of international...
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...CHAPTER 1 Problem & Its Background Instructional material is an important tool in the teaching process. As our world evolves, the technology is also evolving and we can’t deny the fact that it is happening also to education. One of the examples is the modern technologies used by some of the teachers as their instructional materials. (Richards) Before, children were taught in a rigid and stereotyped way. Teachers used authentic or created materials as their tool in teaching the learners. Nowadays, there are lots of instructional materials to be used in teaching. There are new trends on language teaching and this is by the use of modern technology as their instructional material. These instructional materials include laptops, LCD projector, speech laboratory, power point presentation, tablets, etc. By the use of it, learners can relate to their discussion. Instructional materials serves as the basis for match of the language input learners and the language practice that occurs in the classroom. They can provide a detailed specification of content, even in the absence of the syllabus (Richards and Rodgers, 1986). It is an important element within the curriculum and their often tangible and visible aspect of it (Nunan, 1991). Technology has become an integral part of higher education instruction with the increased use of technology; instructional resources like the textbooks are slowly making their way into the higher education system. The use of technology is still increasing...
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...Buddhism has undergone many changes since it was founded by Indian Prince Siddhartha Gautama in a variety of ways and for a variety of reasons. Change has occurred within the belief system and surrounding the Buddhist faith, and has been typically seen as evolutionary as the main the foundations of the faith, including the teachings of the Dharma (doctrine), the Four Noble Truths, the five precepts and the Noble Eightfold Path, have been central to the faith regardless of any changes undertaken. Other constants accepted by the majority of Buddhists include the concepts of impermanence, the cycle of birth and rebirth (Samsara) and the vital role of meditation. The main areas of change for Buddhism comes under the adaptation, or lack of adaptation,...
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...Unit 7 The Spread of Religions Section 1 Unit Materials Questions To Consider Question 1. How did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across the world, and why are they practiced so far from their origins? Question 2. How did these three major world religions change and adapt to diverse cultural circumstances? Question 3. Why did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam emerge when and where they did? Question 4. How did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam interact with, provide justification for, and conflict with various states and empires in Afro-Eurasia? The Big Picture How is this topic related to Increasing Integration? As Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across the borders and frontiers of Afro-Eurasia, they integrated diverse peoples by means of a common religion. How is this topic related to Proliferating Difference? The spread of Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam introduced new beliefs and practices to a wide variety of peoples. These beliefs and practices were often quite different from indigenous religions. In addition, indigenous beliefs and practices often changed the new religions as they adapted to local conditions. These changes frequently resulted in the development of different sects within the new religions. Unit Purpose ß Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across borders and frontiers as a result of missionaries, pilgrims, and trade. Each of these three major world religions changed over time, and all served as elements of change in the societies...
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...Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 13 (1): 33-40, 2013 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.1.1756 Postmodernism Approach in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) 1 Ahmad Badri Abdullah, 1Mohd Anuar Ramli, 2Mohammad Aizat Jamaludin, 1 Syamsul Azizul Marinsah and 3Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor 1 Department of Fiqh and Usul, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Halal Product Research Institute (HPRI), Universiti Putra Malaysia 3 Department of Islamic History and Civilization, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract: The history of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) has gone through various phases. From the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), it has continuously become a dynamic force in fulfilling the contemporary needs of the Ummah. After the period of imitation (taqlid), Islamic jurisprudence enters the renewal process (tajdid) in order to rejuvenate Muslim society to the practice of Ijtihad. The emergence of new approach was caused by the changes and developments in human life that spark to the existence of new issues, which their answers cannot be traced in the works of classical fiqh. Accordingly, some would prefer to utilize the postmodernism approach in the process of interpretation of the divine texts in order to get the ruling (hukm). Some of the thinkers and scholars seem to neglect the normative guide in classical Usul al-Fiqh (the principle of...
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...2. Evaluate the impact on Islam of ONE significant person or school of thought. Sayyid Qutb had a seemingly minimal impact throughout his life, but his teachings and ideology have become of significant importance to the Islamic faith. However his views and thoughts of that are somewhat extreme have lead some followers to form organizations which are involved with radical, extreme and “terrorist” activities. Qutb’s teachings and commentary of Islamic teachings are seen to hold considerable authority and significance to adherents of Islam. His main and most revered teachings included: the belief in Tawhid (the oneness of God), the concept of Jahiliyya (pagan ignorance), jihad (struggle) and the need to revive Islam. Through his first book ‘Social Justice of Islam’ Qutb highlighted and upheld the importance of the Islamic idea of Tawhid. He strongly taught that everything was made with and through the Will of Allah, “So all Creation issuing as it does from one absolute, universal and active Will…” Qutb was able to reinforce this fundamental belief of Tawhid to adherents. Through this he wanted to create a society where religion and the sate were one. In this action Islamic religious laws would form the basis of the laws governing the particular society. In the contemporary world we see this in practice through Iran, in which religious laws govern the country. Therefore it appears that Qutb’s underlining focus to create a religious state did in fact become reality. Qutb’s development...
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...level of education in Ghana, discuss the dominant curriculum orientation(s) underlying the instructional programme. Introduction Science education has always been a part of the Ghanaian (and Sub-Saharan) culture. Modern education in Ghana came with the advent of European missionary and mercantile enterprises, and has largely become the vehicle for social upward mobility. Education in general, and science education, for that matter, is serious issues for all Ghanaians. Curriculum orientations are beliefs about what a school curriculum should achieve and how teaching, learning and assessment should occur (Eisner, 1970). The most fundamental concern of schooling is curriculum (Ornstein, 1982). These prepositions have led me to have an in depth study by evaluating the Ghanaian Basic School Science Curriculum from both the primary to the Junior High School levels trying to find out the various and dominant curriculum orientation(s) underlying the teaching and learning process of Integrated Science in schools. The Ghanaian Basic School Science Curriculum and Delivery The Ghanaian integrated science curriculum follows the “spiral approach,” treating the same themes at different times and in greater depths within each educational level. The curriculum is the modern replacement of what used to be called “nature study.” This is a generalist, survey course, which exposes the child to the universe. At this level, the students would get the basic exposure to scientific ideas, and learn...
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...to be regarded as a rich source of literary legend. This is an entire ethical guide that contains a recent review of contemporary philosophy. The review of this philosophy may be relevant even for the representatives of a modern world. The renewal of interest in the Buddha’s teachings helps to situate the recent works in their proper contexts. In general, the life of Buddha can be seen from many perspectives. Fist and the most important thing about the whole issue is a new wave of interest to Buddhism. First of all, the life of Buddha should be viewed in the context of the eventful age in which this person actually lived. This fact helps to keep in mind the significant connection that existed between Gautama and his understanding of the nature of human experience. Just the same can be told about the issue of destiny. In other words, Dhammapada finds himself on the path of virtue is the founding text of Buddhist teaching. It means that the verses of the Dhammapada contain the utterances that have been expressed by Buddha himself. The Content of the Philosopher’s Writing Buddha is no longer living among the common folks. As a result, many monks find themselves with the responsibility of handing on the teaching and discipline of the order. A whole thing can be regarded as faithful and quite possible. Dhammapada is the collection of verses compile by a great philosopher. The book is an attempt to render the verses into English....
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...David Holmes Sim Barhoum English 101 Effective College English II February 09, 2013 Argument Essay “Adult Education” Modern day America has the ability to provide a basic education to anyone. What does it mean to be educated? An idea of education is someone who has all the answers. It could be a person who has been through the hardship of school and has come out on top, or someone who makes a living with what they have learned. In “Adult Education” by Mortimer J. Adler, he describes how society’s education system is flawed and does not provide the best education for people. Alder speaks of how education starts at childhood and ends when they become an adult and receive their degree. To him this idea is wrong because youth have not developed the patience or the experience to be educated. Therefore, education only truly comes when a person goes through life and has become a mature adult. The value of education will never be understood by youth, but by people who have gone through the hardships of life and have gained wisdom through life experience. In order to fully understand what Mortimer Adler is talking about in his essay, “Adult Education,” we must understand the historical and cultural context from which he is speaking. Modern readers who misunderstand this context are likely to misinterpret his intentions and thereby fail to see the logic behind his recommendations, which are still relevant to educational reform issues today. Adler was a philosopher enamored...
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...major political, economic, and social impact on western Europe. It resulted in a substantial weakening of the Christian Byzantine Empire, which fell several centuries later to the Muslim Turks. Another great example of wars brought on by religion are the ongoing wars in the Middle East. The roots of the modern Arab–Israeli conflict lie in the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism towards the end of the 19th century. Territory regarded by the Jewish people as their historical homeland is also regarded by the Pan-Arab movement as historically and presently belonging to the Palestinian Arabs, and in the Pan-Islamic context, as Muslim lands. The conflict between Palestinian Jews and Arabs emerged in the early 20th century, exploding into a full scale civil war in 1947 and expanding to all Arab League countries with the creation of the modern State of Israel in May 1948. Organized religion has also had many positive effects on society. They have been responsible for assisting in teaching people morals and values. A classic example of this would be the “Ten Commandments” which served as a moral guideline for the people of the time, and influenced even modern laws. They assisted in teaching people that murder, theft, infidelity, and things of that nature were not only immoral, but began the movement to make such things illegal. This was a necessary addition to society, as there were no rules of this nature to keep people in line, and without...
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...essay is to look at the concepts of communicative language teaching and task based language teaching. How are these concepts discussed by pedagogical researchers? Furthermore, the dissertation will analyze how communicative approaches are used in the example given where a chart is presented for the students to complete it, and later to serve as a basis for lively questions and discussions according to their level. The first questions ask us to justify the method used in this activity, whereas the second one gives us the opportunity to compare and find similarities or evidence of any other method. Finally, a view on how this activity promotes learners` second language acquisition will be presented. The task states “The use of charts was introduced in Chapter Four as means of providing comprehensive imput …( ) The construction of tables of information about the students can serve as a basis for interesting discussions …” . Then, the teacher creates a chart on the board so as to be completed with the weekly routines of some of the students in the class. BACKGROUND Ever since humans had developed their own language and had contact among them, there had also been the need to learn new ones so as to communicate with other. Furthermore, there had been a need for learning and consequently for teaching them. It was not until the nineteenth century that an opening of the educational system took place, allowing “modern...
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...Information technology, whether perceived as a power for good or a power for evil, certainly has not been neutral. While effecting change has been difficult in many situations, contemporary information technology has by its very nature, been an agent of change in education institutions. Introduction Lyon (1988) argues that the term “Information technology” refers to “the cluster of computing and communications technologies based on microelectonics” (p. 40). In recent years, this convergence of technologies has provided the infrastructure for significant change in our society and education in general. Our society has become increasingly centred around the management and manipulation of knowledge (Smart, 1992; Wresch, 1996). In educational contexts, the changes brought by the introduction of information technology have variously been perceived as either: a great good (Hill, 1999), a virilent evil (Brabazon, 2002), or neither (Shields, 2000). Regardless of its relative value, all authors agree that information technology has greatly impacted education activities, aims...
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...Exegesis of 1 Thessalonians 4: 13-18 Historical Context Situated near the site of Therma on the Thermaic Gulf, Thessalonica was located near the northermost reaches of the Aegean Sea. “The ancient city was founded in Macedonia (a region that encompassed roughly the northern half of the Greek peninsula) about 315 b.c. by Cassander, who named it after his wife, Thessalonica, the daughter of Philip II and sister of Alexander the Great.” (Martin, 1995, p.21) Enjoying the status of a ‘free’, self-governing city (although still under Roman control), Thessalonica was the most influential city in Macaedonia. The city functioned as a very important trade city, as it was located on the Via Egnatia trade route (the major east-west highway from Asia Minor to Rome). On hearing the gospel, many Thessalonians were persuaded and the church grew quickly under the supervision of Paul. Many amongst the Jewish community, however, were not persuaded and instigated a riot in the city, hoping to trap Paul and his companions (Acts 17:1-9). Due to this, Paul was forced to leave the city of Thessalonica earlier than expected. As a result, two important factors were at play: * There was dissent amongst some of the Thessalonian believers, who queried whether Paul may have been motivated by money or power (hence his defense of his ministry in 1 Thessalonians 2). * The Thessalonian believers still had many lingering questions about the faith, that Paul had been unable to answer during his brief...
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...The post-modern family Over 30 years ago, C. Wright Mills (1959) described the post-modern period as one in which the economy would shift employment from heavy industry to non-unionized clerical, service, and new industrial sectors. He foresaw the rise of multinational corporations, trouble in the social welfare system, and decline in human freedom and choice. At that time he wondered how the human family would respond to and adjust to this new period in world history. Post-modernism, by no means simple to define, is characterized by a "close reading" of small units rather than general theorizing about big ideas. The postmodern tends towards elaboration, eclecticism, ornamentation, and inclusiveness; it dismisses the existence of an absolute reality and is deeply suspicious of the concept of human progress (Doherty 1991). If we define the current ongoing effort to remake contemporary family life as the post-modern family, such a definition carries with it overtones from the definition of postmodern art and literature. In these fields the term post-modern signals the end of a familiar pattern of activity and emergence of new areas of endeavour whose activities are unclear and whose meanings and implications are not yet well understood. Thus, the post-modern is characterized by uncertainty, insecurity, and doubt (Stacey 1990). Full consensus on the definition of the emerging post-modern family structure has not been reached, despite recognition of the need for better understanding...
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...who contributed in the development of National Reading Strategy: 2 Contents Page numbers 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Why improve reading? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. The situation in South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Specific challenges in implementing the National Reading Strategy . . . . . 8 i) Teacher competency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ii) Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 iii) Teaching conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 iv) Print environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 v) Language issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 vi) Inclusive Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5. South Africa’s National Reading Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6. Key pillars of the National Reading Strategy: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . ....
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