...and regions. As civilization evolved different cultures naturally had an impact on one another. The Hebrews, Greeks and Romans did just this, influence one another and these influences carried on to life, as it is known today. From 1500-900 B.C. the Hebrews proved to be a pliable society who endured very hard times coming out with their culture relatively unbroken. The Hebrews were known for their cultural and spiritual laws, rules and morals. The ancient world was a harsh place to thrive and within the harshness they introduced morality and justice. Their belief in one god and their god is something that has extended over hundreds of years and continues into today’s culture. The nucleus of the Hebrew legal belief is found in the Ten Commandments, which is found in the bible. The Bible has had the greatest single influence on religion, ethics, and literature of the West. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all rooted in the scriptures of the Hebrews. Christianity evolved out of Judaism. Jesus and his early followers were Jews, and probably considered themselves Jewish reformers rather than founders of a new religion. The Christian Bible incorporated the Jewish Bible, so the bulk of Christianity's most sacred writings are Jewish as well. Muslims also regard the Jewish and Christian scriptures as important, and many passages in the Qur'an resemble passages in the Bible. The Hebrews did not only begin having an impact hundreds of years after their demise but did so during their time...
Words: 958 - Pages: 4
...Holy Places • Jerusalem • Israel • The Western Wall • Synagogues for worship Religious Symbols • The Star of David or Magen David—the main symbol for Judaism • Chai—Hebrew for “life” • Hamsa—though not exclusively Jewish, many Jews use it as a symbol of protection, as it counteracts the evil eye • Kippah or Yarlmulke—a head covering to show respect for God and also shows modesty • Menorah or Chanukiah—A candelabra with nine branches to hold candles for the celebration of Chanukah (also spelled...
Words: 692 - Pages: 3
...Many important synagogues became reform including Temple Israel, Rodeph Shalom, and B’nai Jeshurun. To help achieve his goals of spreading reform, Isaac Mayer Wise following the lead of Isaac Leeser, used the religious and educational potential of the printing press as an advantage. He edited two lively Jewish weeklies- the Israelite in English and Die Deborah in German. In 1875, Wise established the Hebrew Union College where young men could receive a proper Jewish education. Few years later when the first class graduated, a banquet was held where a number of non-kosher foods was served, which came to be known as the Trefa Banquet. Wise perhaps, was not responsible for the decision, but refused to condemn it, and criticism from him and his movement spurred the splitting-off of Conservative Judaism from Reform. His many other attempts succeeded him in spreading Jewish Reform amongst a wide Jewish population. By 1880, more than 90 percent of American synagogues were Reform. Unfortunately, many Reform congregations were difficult to distinguish from neighboring protestant churches, with preachers in robes, pews with mixed seating, choirs, and organs (Jewish Virtual...
Words: 1010 - Pages: 5
...Moses lead the Israelites out of Egypt and across the Red Sea, at this point they had a hard time thinking how where they going to be able to make it across the Red Sea with no type of tools. They couldn’t go around it because it was time consuming; they couldn’t go over it either. God had spoken to Moses and told him let his stick down and the water shall divide with enough room for the Israelites to pass through across to the other side away from the chase of the Pharaoh. After the Passover threw the Red Sea they made themselves stable at Mount Sinai. This is where Moses walked to the top of the Mountain and received the 10 main rules known as the Ten Commandments. It is a set of religious and moral requirements that were given by God to the people of Israel to live and go by. The Bible describes their form as being spoken by God as an inscription God himself wrote with his finger on two stone tablets, which God gave to Moses to preach for the people of Israel. These historical biblical events have lead in Judaism culture a number of practices to commemorate the journey and hardships the Israelites faced during their travel. Some of the practices...
Words: 665 - Pages: 3
...was the normal society lifestyle until the late 1950 s. Most men and women would not have ever slept with another person out of wedlock. While this sexual abstinence lifestyle was in effect, a mentality of independence struck the adolescence of the United States. They felt as though they must engage in sexual activity, just to defy society s view of Premarital Sex Premarital sex, an act that is practiced excessively in the world today, is not all that it is caught up to be. It definitely has more side effects than benefits. ... what was morally right. The reason sexual abstinence is an issue today is because many people claim premarital sex is wrong. People base their opinions on what the Bible has said. When the Bible is used to justify any means of behavior, it usually becomes a moral issue. The main issue at hand is whether premarital sex is classified as morally right or wrong. The Catholic Church claims that premarital sex is wrong and immoral. Premarital Sex Pre-Marital Sex During the twentieth century, premarital sex has become an important issue. Sexual abstinence was the normal society lifestyle until the late 1950 s. Most men and ... Not only does the Catholic Church believe this, so does nearly every other Christian faith. In many other countries, premarital sex is not as huge of an issue as it is here in the US. The basis for this is unsure, but religion and culture seem to play into it largely. In the 1990 s, the teaching of abstinence is beginning to be implemented...
Words: 1704 - Pages: 7
...the west) Two popes had been elected (See Babylonian Captivity) but the papal court in Avignon had gained more authority than the kings’. People eventually began to doubt to integrity and morality of having two popes, and they were paranoid once more. There was a lot of religious insecurity. John Wyclif - A famous Lollard, he told people that a true church need not such lavish possessions, and that people could find salvation in the bible. John Huss - Supported Wycliffe's ideas and spread them throughout Bohemia. Hussites were a religious and Slavic party who protested against the Germans’ (who lived in Bohemia) supremacy. Council of Constance - Councils wished to end the 3 way schism of the papacy, to eliminate heresy, and to reform the church. The council was dissolved by Martin V SECTION 6 Medici Family - Became unofficial rulers and established many cardinals, 2 popes, and a couple of the Medici women were eventually queens of France Lorenzo de Medici - He used his wealth to govern the people, Part of the Medici Family Pico della Mirandola - Defended theses on religion and philosophy and wrote the Manifesto of the Renaissance.(Heretic Reformation) Leonardo Da Vinci - Painted “The Last Supper” Christine de Pisan - Was a court writer, wrote because she needed to earn a living for her 3 children. Wrote poetry...
Words: 1056 - Pages: 5
...Microcultures in Canada A Comparative Approach Introduction Every society contains both a mainstream culture and many different subcultures. The mainstream culture is how one is identified as. However, microcultures consist of how we identify ourselves within the global mainstream culture. There are multitudes of ways to participate in a microculture. It could be along ethnic, religious lines, or even lifestyle. All these factors come into play with regards to the different aspects of microcultures. This paper will delve into all three types of microcultures; it will look at Vietnamese, Jewish, and Vegan cultures and compare them to mainstream Canadian culture. The subsequent comparative analysis aims at finding differences in an attempt to better understand and communicate more effectively, by clarifying the common misunderstandings that arise when communicating with different microcultures, whether in business or everyday life. Vietnamese Background/History/Evolution Representing one of the largest non-European sub-cultures in Canada, the Vietnamese community ranks 5th in terms of size and comprises just over 150,000 individuals. Concentrated in metropolitan areas, close to 60% of the population resides in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver or Calgary (Statistics Canada see Appendix B). Despite currently being a sizable group, this sub-culture was virtually non-existent prior to the Vietnamese war that took place between 1964 and 1975. It wasn't until the conflict arose...
Words: 7095 - Pages: 29
...WRITING ASSIGNMENT 1 1. To what did the Latin religio refer? a) The Latin word L. religionem (nom. Religio) is defined as “a respect for what is scared, reverence for the gods”, and according to the text refers to the fear or awe a person feels in the presence of a spirit or a god. 2. Taoism and Confucianism are nontheistic religions, that is, religions for which belief in God or gods is nonessential. While gods are not alien to either Taoism or Confucianism, belief in/of gods is not central to either tradition. What are a couple of other religions that can be called nontheistic religions? a) A few additional examples of some nontheistic religions are Agnosticism, Atheism, Buddhism, Secular Humanism and Scientology. 3. What is Paul Tillich's definition for religion, and why do Hopfe and Woodward consider its development too broad? a) Paul Tillich defines religion as, “that which is of ultimate concern”. Hopfe and Woodward consider the development of Tillich’s definition of religion too broad for a world religions course because a philosophical exploration of Tillich’s definition of religion, yields many an individuals personal belief of what is of ultimate concern hardly lending to the general understanding of popular or mainstream religions they hope to accomplish in this text. 4. Explain E. B. Tylor's theory concerning the origin and evolution of religion. What is animism, and to what, "ultimately" and "finally," did Tylor think it evolved? a) E.B. Tylor’s theory...
Words: 17463 - Pages: 70
...Comparison and Contrast Paper Founder(s) of the religion There are five major religions of Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism have a different origins. The founder of Christianity was Jesus Christ. He was born in Bethlehem around 6-4BC. He was the son of Joseph and the Virgin Mary and in his early years most like trained as a carpenter under his father. Around the age of 30 he was baptized by John the Baptist and at the moment it was said the heavens opened up and God proclaimed that Jesus was his son and resulted in the beginning of his ministry and established a group that he called the twelve apostles. It was around this time where Jesus spent forty days and nights wandering the desert avoiding three temptations from Satan; hunger, power and faith. On Passover, he shared the last supper with his disciples when Jesus was arrested and condemned to death. On the third day, he resurrected from the dead and on the fortieth day after his resurrection, Jesus appeared, told to spread His word and ascended into heaven. The founder of Islam is the prophet Muhammad. Muhammad was born in 570 AD in Makah. In this early life, he was raised by his grandfather and after he died, his uncle. He later wed Khadija and lived a prosperous life. While making a retreat to a mountain cave, he was visited by a presence which left him in awe and was instructed to recite words which would be the foundation of the Qur’an. After a number of years, he...
Words: 2485 - Pages: 10
...Hebrew Literature From Classic Encyclopedia 1911 HEBREW LITERATURE. Properly speaking, "Hebrew Literature" denotes all works written in the Hebrew language. In catalogues and bibliographies, however, the expression is now generally used, conveniently if incorrectly, as synonymous with Jewish literature, including all works written by Jews in Hebrew characters, whether the language be Aramaic, Arabic or even some vernacular not related to Hebrew. The literature begins with, as it is almost entirely based upon, the Old Testament. There were no doubt in the earliest times popular songs orally transmitted and perhaps books - of annals and laws, but except in so far as remnants meat- of them are embedded in the biblical books, they have Scrip- entirely disappeared. Thus the Book of the Wars of the Lord is mentioned in Num. xxi. 14; the Book of Jashar in Josh. x. 13, 2. Sam. i. 18; the Song of the Well is quoted in Num. xxi. 17, 18, and the song of Sihon and Moab, ib. 27-30; of Lamech, Gen. iv. 23, 24; of Moses, Exod. xv. As in other literatures, these popular elements form the foundation on which greater works are gradually built, and it is one function of literary criticism to show the way in which the component parts were welded into a uniform whole. The traditional view that Moses was the author of the Pentateuch in its present form, would make this the earliest monument of Hebrew literature. Modern inquiry, however, has arrived at other conclusions (see Bible, Old Testament)...
Words: 9933 - Pages: 40
...Jehoshaphat Submitted By: Timothy L. Rhiney OTS 315 Ancient Israel Dr. Hannah Harrington February 21, 2012 Introduction Thesis Statement of Points The power of God A. Pray and seek the Lord God Answers Jehoshaphat's prayers So why pray? A. Prayer admits our own limitations B. Prayer opens our eyes to the power of God IV. Conclusion/Summary Bibliography Introduction: There's a story in the Old Testament that people of God are faced with everyday. A situation that is utterly outside their control, a situation that threatens to completely destroy them; one they have absolutely no resources for and no ability to stop, and in which they are at a complete loss as to what to do. It's the kind of story in which, in their utter helplessness, they cry out to God and find that He comes to their rescue marvelously so that, though they started out with fear and trembling, they end with joy and rejoicing. Let’s take a look at the story about Jehoshaphat himself. A few generations before Jehoshaphat was born, all the twelve tribes of Israel had constituted one great nation. But King Solomon had failed to remain faithful to God; and so, the kingdom became divided under the reign of his son Rehoboam. The southern kingdom, Judah, was passed on to Rehoboam's son Abijah, then to Abijah's son Asa, and then to Asa's son Jehoshaphat...
Words: 1734 - Pages: 7
...the death penalty has increased from 1.5 (1965-1988) to 4 per year (1989-1995), or nearly three times as many”.(Amnesty International). The International law expert, William Schabas, noted that fifty years ago this topic did not even exist because there were virtually no abolitionist countries .For a world in which the death penalty has been practiced almost everywhere for centuries, this is a dramatic turnaround.(Schabas,1997).Although formal abolition of the death penalty dates as far back as 1867 for Venezuela and 1870 for the Netherlands, and even earlier for the state of Michigan (1846), most of the movement towards elimination of capital punishment has been fairly recent.(Schabas,1997,pp.5-6) Human Rights as a Basis for Abolition and Reform: The reasons why countries have abolished the death penalty in increasing numbers vary. For some nations, it was a broader understanding of human rights. Spain abandoned the last vestiges of its death penalty in 1995, stating that: "the death penalty has no place in the general penal system of advanced, civilized societies . . . . What more degrading or afflictive punishment can be imagined than to deprive a person of his life . . . ?"(Hood,1978,15). Similarly, Switzerland abolished the death penalty because it constituted "a flagrant violation of the right to life and dignity. . . ."(Hood,1978,16). Justice Chaskalson of the South African Constitutional Court, stated in the historic opinion banning the death penalty under the new constitution...
Words: 953 - Pages: 4
...to what type of punishment deters crime in American society. These questions have been asked and debated over time and answers may be inconclusive. The most important question is does punishment discourage crime at all? Retribution is the oldest justification for punishment to satisfy a society’s need for revenge. Retribution is an act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime committed (Macionis, 2006). For example, if someone was severely beaten, retribution for the crime may be to severely beat the criminal. The Mafia families would only feel satisfied when they got revenge themselves. The leader of the organized crime family would choose a subordinate to go out and get revenge for the family. Who should be held accountable for the crime the subordinate or the leader? According to Eldar, 2010, the sentence of an organized crime leader for an offence committed by his organization should be 40–90% greater than the penalty imposed on the direct perpetrator; however, he provides no explanation for these percentages. Some justify retribution by appealing to the Bible: "You shall give life for life, eye for eye, and tooth for tooth..." (Exodus 21:23, 24). Scripture scholars tell us that the eye-for-eye mandate is...
Words: 1687 - Pages: 7
...credit with bringing civilization to China, seems to have made reference to Ma, the Chinese word for Cannabis, noting that Cannabis was very popular medicine that possessed both yin and yang." 2. 1450 BC- Book of Exodus References Holy Anointing Oil Made from Cannabis "Holy anointing oil, as described in the original Hebrew version of the recipe in Exodus (30:22-23), contained over six pounds of kaneh-bosem, a substance identified by respected etymologists, linguists, anthropologists, botanists and other researchers as cannabis, extracted into about six quarts of olive oil, along with a variety of other fragrant herbs. The ancient anointed ones were literally drenched in this potent mixture." Chris Bennett "Was Jesus a Stoner?," High Times Magazine, Feb. 10, 2003 "Marijuana proponents suggest that the recipe for the anointing oil passed from God to Moses included cannabis, or kaneh-bosm in Hebrew. They point to versions calling for fragrant cane, which they say was mistakenly changed to the plant calamus in the King James version of the Bible." Shannon Kari "Cannabis Involved in Christ's Anointment?," National Post, Apr. 22, 2010 [Editor's Note: The Revell Bible Dictionary (1990), by Lawrence O. Richards, estimates that the events of the Book of Exodus occurred around 1450 BC.] 3. 1213 BC - Egyptians Use Cannabis for Glaucoma, Inflammation, and Enemas Cannabis pollen is found on the mummy of Ramesses II, who died in 1213 BC. Prescriptions for cannabis in Ancient Egypt...
Words: 3594 - Pages: 15
...and left others to perish imprisoned well after. The Salem witch trials easily became one of the countries’ most fascinating and controversial stories. History of Salem, Massachusetts The town of Salem was founded in 1926 at the mouth of the Naumkeag River. The town was originally named “Naumkeag,” and it became settled in 1629. The name was later changed to Salem, named after Shalom, the Hebrew word for peace. It was originally governed by John Endecott, who was appointed by the Massachusetts Bay Company. In 1630, a large group of English puritans came and settled in the area. Over the next ten years, there was a major migration of puritans to the Massachusetts area. The Puritans were a group of people who became dissatisfied with the Church of England and worked towards religious, moral and social reforms. For the Puritans, there was a belief that the devil was roaming and active on the earth. Puritans had always thought that they were the new chosen people, abandoning a land of sin and oppression to establish the Promised Land of New England. The Puritans believed that the Bible was God's true law, and that it provided a plan for living. The New Testament was their model and their devotion to where it permeated their entire society. People of opposing beliefs were asked to leave the community or to be converted. The Creation of Mass Hysteria The first records of incidents that led to the accusation of witchcraft were in 1962, with nine year old Elizabeth Parris and...
Words: 1360 - Pages: 6
