...Motivation and Global Values Motivation and Global Values – Key Takeaways Term Motivation Definition General: Process that leads people to behave as they do In marketing context: Internal drive that influences consumer to seek out, evaluate and purchase goods and services General: Degree to which an object or idea is centrally related to the value system of an individual In marketing context: person’s perceived relevance of the object based on his/her inherent needs, values, and interests State of excitement that can be pleasant or unpleasant and is experienced more or less consciously Beliefs that one condition is preferable to its opposite Involvement Emotion Value 1. Motivation → To understand motivation is to understand WHY consumers do what they do Can be described in terms of … … its strength, or the pull it exerts on the consumer and … its direction, or the particular way the consumer attempts to reduce it. The Motivation Process o Once a need is aroused, a state of tension exists that drives the consumer to attempt to reduce or eliminate it. o The desired end state of motivation is the consumer’s goal, thus motivation can be described as goal-oriented. Types of Motivational Conflicts o Approach-approach motivational conflict is when consumers must choose between two attractive alternatives o Approach-avoidance motivational conflict is described as a consumer facing a purchase choice with both positive and a negative consequence o Avoidance-Avoidance...
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...1. Globalization meaning components Globalization is that the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy such as markets and production. Merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace is standardized by global products such as Coca-Cola, Sony PlayStation and so on. Companies hope to lower their overall cost structure and/or improve the quality or functionality of their product offering- increasing their competitiveness. Therefore, they seek for source of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production. Macro factors such as declining in trade barriers and technological changing are facilitating the globalization. Production dispersed to economical locations due to transportation and communication advances. New markets opened through WWW. Jet aircraft move people and goods. Global media is creating a worldwide culture. Furthermore, the word economy, trade, and FDI used to be dominated by the U.S., but the proportion of dominance has been dispersed globally and separate national economies merging into an interdependent global economic system. Consequently, these components are creating the globalization. 2. Characteristics of multinational firms MNEs have substantial direct investment in foreign countries, which is not just an import-export business. MNEs use the active management of these offshore assets rather...
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...Motivation in today's workplace: the link to performance. ABSTRACT In today's hyper-competitive marketplace, understanding what fosters and forwards employee motivation--and, thus, organizational performance--is critical. Based on theories, studies, best practices, case studies and resources about motivation, this solutions-focused research article presents valuable information for the senior HR leader seeking competitive advantage. ********** Introduction In today's marketplace, where companies seek a competitive edge, motivation is key for talent retention and performance. No matter the economic environment, the goal is to create a workplace that is engaging and motivating, where employees want to stay, grow and contribute their knowledge, experience and expertise. Motivation is generally defined as the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's level of effort, as well as a person's persistence in the face of obstacles. The direction of a person's behavior refers to the many possible actions that a person could engage in, while persistence refers to whether, when faced with roadblocks and obstacles, an individual keeps trying or gives up. (1) The responsibility for motivation is three-fold: it falls on the senior leadership, the direct manager and the employee. Numerous factors are involved, from trust, engagement and values (individual and organizational) to job satisfaction, achievement, acknowledgement and rewards. Motivation...
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...Motivating the Sales Personnel Objectives Define motivation; Understand the complexity of motivation; Explain the main theories of motivation; Understand the impact of cultural differences on motivation; Explain various tools available for motivating the global sales force; and Discuss the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction. What is motivation? Motivation is the inner force that guides behaviour and is concerned with the causation of specific actions. Motivation is a three-dimensional construct consisting of the following: Intensity or the magnitude of mental activity and physical effort expended towards a certain action; Persistence or the extension of the mental activity and physical effort over time; and Direction or the choice of specific actions in specific circumstances. Understanding motivation Motivation should be understood at two levels: What motivates salespeople (the reasons behind the intensity and persistence of mental and physical effort expended) How salespeople choose their action (the direction or decision to engage in specific actions in specific circumstances) Motivational theories addressing the issue: “what” motivates salespeople Need Hierarchy Theory Self-actualisation needs Esteem needs Belongingness needs Security needs Physiological needs Physiological needs (e.g., basic salary); security needs (e.g., pension plan); belongingness needs (e.g., friends in work group); esteem needs (e.g., job title); self...
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...Article Discussion Title of Article: Ghosn Creating Value across Cultures ___________________________________________________________________ ___ 1. What is the author’s/authors’ purpose in writing this article? The author, presenting the alliance between Renault and Nissan, wants to make perfectly clear that partnering globally is an opportunity. An equal relationship with two winners. He explains the benefits which are produced by the relationship between the two at a corporate level, and the positive effects at the workforce as well. Learning through differences is essential is the send message. Moreover, the author is warning us of the hidden risks. Losing the corporate identity will have as consequence a lack employees’ motivation. Lastly, the author states that motivation is the engine of performance. 2. Name and discuss three major points on which the author(s) focus in their discussion of their primary purpose. Learning through differences: The author describes the different skills of the French, the Japanese and the Americans. The combination of these skills can disentangle difficult situations more easily and multiplies the possibilities of having Eureka Moments. I find this cross cultural consociation remarkable, people from the two edges of the world, coming from different cultures, having different expertise and knowledge, working together, creating a harmonious relationship, allowing to achieve things which differently would need much more time,...
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...as way of understanding employee motivation in contemporary Chinese business Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a famous psychological theory developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. This theory says that there is a hierarchy of human needs which reflects their motivations. He divided human needs into five hierarchies: physical needs, security needs, social needs, self-esteem and self-actualization needs. He stated that human motivations approximately change through these five levels. As a result, it has been considered as a useful tool in management in western countries because motivation is an important factor of human behaviors. Motivation plays an important role in employment. Well motivated workers work harder with higher efficiency and have a stronger sense of participation. However, some criticisms point out that Maslow’s theory may not be able to applied in some other culture contexts like China because it is based on a narrow research with particular targets in America. That is to say that Maslow’s theory is not correct in all nations because of cultural differences, especially in China. This essay will give a critical evaluation of this theory by considering its advantages and defects of Maslow’s theory to see whether it is useful in China. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is generally useful and makes a great contribution to business management. There are several advantages of Maslow’s theory. First, this theory clearly reflects human motivations and is widely acknowledged and applied...
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...structures and opposing forces. In a global environment, culture is a critical factor whereby the process of advancing cultural intelligence and international cultural competence would be the deciding element for the success of managers and leaders especially those who perform human resource (HR) functions. Within the cultural context, common elements are to be found including shared and dynamic nature surrounding norms, values and beliefs which are expressed through different behaviors, artifacts and interactions. It is necessary then for HR managers like Wolfgang to fulfill profitable relationships vested on the capability to reconcile cultural dimensions of pay systems from the headquarters to subsidiaries. Within Healthcare, there are economic, political and cultural forces that are influencing the operation. As part of the external environment, there is the need forHealthcare to align national cultural values of thesubsidiaries with that of the organizational work culture. There are culturally indigenous and culturally alien practices within any organization that shape the actions and performance of the employees. Culture is considered as the lens through which motivation occurs. Motivations to do work differ greatly across cultures hence whey employees are subjected to within-culture and between-culture workplaces the level of performance is significantly different as well. Cultural backgrounds of the employees largely define the personal work values of the people, and this is...
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...and opposing forces. In a global environment, culture is a critical factor whereby the process of advancing cultural intelligence and international cultural competence would be the deciding element for the success of managers and leaders especially those who perform human resource (HR) functions. Within the cultural context, common elements are to be found including shared and dynamic nature surrounding norms, values and beliefs which are expressed through different behaviors, artifacts and interactions. It is necessary then for HR managers like Wolfgang to fulfill profitable relationships vested on the capability to reconcile cultural dimensions of pay systems from the headquarters to subsidiaries. Within Healthcare, there are economic, political and cultural forces that are influencing the operation. As part of the external environment, there is the need for Healthcare to align national cultural values of the subsidiaries with that of the organizational work culture. There are culturally indigenous and culturally alien practices within any organization that shape the actions and performance of the employees. Culture is considered as the lens through which motivation occurs. Motivations to do work differ greatly across cultures hence whey employees are subjected to within-culture and between-culture workplaces the level of performance is significantly different as well. Cultural backgrounds of the employees largely define the personal work values of the people, and this is...
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...MGT302 Organizational behavior Assignment 1: Motivation Theory and Practice Analyze, compare, and contrast the two contemporary theories of motivation (a) equity theory and, (b) expectancy theory. Include in your discussion, an evaluation of each theory and the implications to managers in a global work environment. Your analysis should include identification of the strengths and weaknesses of each theory using scholarly references to defend your arguments. by Tassos Pericleous Student’s Number: 20153386 American College Semester 1 November 2015 Abstract The purpose of this paper was to analyze, compare, and contrast the two contemporary theories of motivation equity theory and, expectancy theory. Evaluate each theory and the implications of the theories to managers in a global work environment. Analysis should include identification of the strengths and weaknesses of each theory using scholarly references to defend your arguments. Motivation is the answer to the question “Why we do what we do?”. The motivation theories try to figure out what the “M” is in the equation: “M motivates P” (Motivator motivates the Person). It is one of most important duty of an entrepreneur to motivate people. Motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different perspectives: Content and Process theories. This paper explores the two contemporary theories of motivation process theories, equity (Adam’s) theory and expectancy (Vroom’s) theory. Analysis of equity theory...
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...Motivation within an innovative work environment Curriculum Topics • Motivation • Maslow (hierarchy of needs) • Taylor (scientific management) and Herzberg (2-factor theory) • Mayo (human relations approach) Introduction Individuals work for many different reasons. Financial rewards are frequently a key factor in influencing why individuals undertake certain jobs. However, money is not everything. Employees want to enjoy their work, be challenged by it and achieve personal fulfilment. For many people, their careers are on-going learning experiences. This is known as intrinsic motivation. When individuals are intrinsically motivated, they are interested in their work. Put simply, it creates enjoyment whilst enabling them to achieve and contribute to desired goals. However, individuals also need extrinsic motivation. This is motivation arising from factors outside the immediate work that an individual undertakes. For example, this might include pay, conditions, grades and promotional opportunities. This case study will analyse motivational theory in the context of the employees of ARM Holdings PLC. It illustrates that, although extrinsic motivation is a very important element in motivating employees, it is really intrinsic motivation that engages individuals and contributes to company performance. ARM is the world’s leading semiconductor intellectual property supplier. The ARM business model involves the design and licensing of intellectual property in the field of semiconductor...
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...HSS 562 – Aqualisa Quartz: simply a better shower” 1) Which value do the various products from Aqualisa (the UK company) create: for consumers? For plumbers? For its channel partners? * Aqualisa is present on all types of markets with different brands * three pricing segments: premium, standard and value * premium segment : * motivation for the purchase: replacement shower, second shower, search for higher performance, new build/styles * the decision criteria: style * the preferred channel: showrooms * Aqualisa products : Aquastyle, Aquaforce 2.0/3.0 Bar, Quartz Standard, Quartz Pumped * standard segment : * motivation for the purchase: replacement shower, second shower, new penetration, search of higher performance * the decision criteria: performance, service and advice from their independent plumber * the preferred channel: showrooms, trade shops * Aqualisa products : Aquavalve 609, Aquastream Thermostatic, Aquaforce 1.0/1.5 Bar * value segment : * motivation for the purchase: replacement shower, second shower, new penetration * the decision criteria: convenience and price * the preferred channel: trade shops * Aqualisa products: Aquavalve Value, Aquastream Manual, Gainsborough brand * 2 additional markets : developer market and do-it-yourself (DIY) market * developer market * motivation for the purchase: equipping new homes * the decision criteria: reliability, look, could...
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...MASTER OF BUSINESS AND ADMINISTRATION 2015 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Student’s Name : Amira Nadia Raup Lecturer’s Name : Assoc. Prof Dr Fatima M Lawal Student’s Name : Amira Nadia Raup Lecturer’s Name : Assoc. Prof Dr Fatima M Lawal 1. Describe how the field of organizational behaviour today is being shaped by the global economic, increasing racial and ethnic diversity in the workforce, and advances in technology Due to economic globalization, many organizations are now operating around the world. It adds a new dimension to multinational operations because it involves the distinction environments, social, political and economic. Therefore, communication and control becomes more difficult. The global economic, increasing racial and ethnic diversity in the workplace, and advances in technology are major driving forces creating and shaping changes on organisational behaviour field today. These factors were equally important and can affect the performance and the company's workforce. Changes in an organization will involve "3P" test performance, productivity and profitability of the organization. Generally people are difficult to accept any changes and more reactive and not responsive. Callan(1992) says that during the time of great change in strategy and organization structure, employees can experience high levels of stress affecting their work and the...
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...Study on Why Luxury Goods Sell and their Effects on the Economy Seung Yoon Rhee+ Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies, 449-854 Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si Mohyun-myun Wangsan-ri Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies, South Korea Abstract. Despite recent global economic downturns starting from 2008, luxury goods have maintained their popularity as some of the most popular products in the world, while the sales of other goods have fallen significantly. In fact, the sales of luxury goods have increased in many cases. The aim of this paper is to identify the causes to this phenomenon, and go more in-depth into the consumer psychology of buying luxury goods. Recent statistics concerning the modern economy were examined, particularly the sales of luxury goods and their consistency in sales. After, the sales of luxury goods were studied from the perspective of consumer psychology. Luxury goods are not bought for the same reasons that normal or inferior goods are, as they do not adhere to the conventional wisdom of economical decision making. Instead, consumer decision making plays a huge role in the sales of luxury goods, particularly status consumption, and the motivations for status consumption were identified according to different types of motivations. By analyzing this data, the economic effects of luxury goods were identified. Because their primary consumer base is not affected severely by economic hardships, the sales of luxury goods are able to maintain a consistency not found in other...
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...This essay uses motivation theory to explain how Caribbean managers can enhance motivation of their employees. Motivation has three levels of analysis; the individual, group and organization. It’s not only the managers or the organization’s responsibility to motivate their employees, they themselves should be intrinsically motivated to perform well on the job; but one key aspect of being a manager, is being able to accomplish tasks and subsequently the organization’s goals through the efforts of other people. It is generally accepted and proven that motivation is essential in organization but what exactly is motivation? Motivation, specifically in relation to organizational goals, is“the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal”(Robbins and Judge: 204).To expound on this definition, it is a series of actions that causes an individual to persistently channel their efforts, with great devotion, in a direction that benefits the organization. For example, a motivated salesman will direct his efforts into meeting or surpassing his sales quota for the week or month, which in turn benefits the company. To understand motivational issues in a culturally diverse workforce, managers need to pay attention to both their people’s cultural values and the fundamental attitudes toward work (Hitt, Black and Porter 2012). Vega-Rosada (2006) and Punnett (2001, 2006) in their respective studies suggest that the colonial heritage...
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...Toward a Conceptual Model of Global Leadership Jose Mathews* In the globalized world, global organizations have to contend with global leaders, and no easy parallel can be found between domestic and global leaderships. Researchers have approached the construct of global leadership from different perspectives of cognitive complexity, competency, behavioral, human capital, personality process and global mindset. In relation to these perspectives and the contextual elements of global business environment, a model of global leadership is derived. The key content variables of global leadership are explained in the realms of cognitive complexity, emotional resilience, cultural intelligence, motivational processes and related facets which interact with the global business environment. Introduction In organizational behavior, leadership appears to be the most researched, debated and discussed topic, and researchers have analyzed what leaders are like, what they do, how they are effective, what are the conditions/situations that make them effective, how do they bring about changes among the followers, the styles of their interactions with the followers and how they go about achieving their individual, group and organizational goals (George, 2000). The traditional focus of leadership is the organization that operates within a limited boundary. However, the changed context of globalization and the emergence of multinational and transnational corporations necessitate...
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