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Mr. Researcher

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Submitted By earnol
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Implementation of Interactive Motion
Representation (IMR) within the Data
Manager
Aranov V1,2, Van Sint Jan S1,*, Sholukha V2, Rooze M1,
Viceconti M3
1

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine,
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
2
Department of Applied Mathematics, State
Polytechnical University of Saint Petersburg,
Russia
3
Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, Istituti
Ortopedici Rizzoli, Italy
*
Communicating and contact author: sintjans@ulb.ac.be
Introduction
Standardization of motion representation is a key element for result comparison and data exchange during motion analysis studies. The discrepancies of the results currently found in the literature can be explained by a lack of standards related to at least 3 topics: 1- motion representation; 2- selection of anatomical landmarks
(ALs); 3- software resources. This literature discrepancy should be greatly reduced if a consensus on the three above points could be reached.
Topic 1 is tackled by the International Society of
Biomechanics (ISB) that published Standards to define body segment orientations and clinically meaningful motion representation (Wu, 1995; Wu, 2002; Wu, In
Press). Efforts related to Topic 2 are currently undergoing to allow strict AL selection necessary to build anatomical reference frames in a repeatable way
(Van Sint Jan, In Press).
Topic 3 is the goal of this paper. The presented research aimed to propose a software interface that would allow a user to: -interactively import motion data; -to register the motion to 3D bone models (if necessary); -to select
ALs; -and to create motion representation graphs according to standards. Similar commercial tools are available, but they are unfortunately often costly and limited to a few motion representations.
Materials and methods
The Interactive Motion Representation (IMR) tools developed during this research has been implemented within the Data Manager software based on the MAF architecture (Multimod Application Frame) (Viceconti,
2004; Van Sint Jan, 2005). The aim behind MAF is to develop “general purpose” software routines related to operations needed in Musculoskeletal modeling: visualization of medical imaging data, 3D models, motion data, registration, finite elements, etc. These routines have been integrated into a development architecture that should allow researchers in the field to implement custom application, and if necessary add supplementary features. The MAF resource is currently

maintained by the
B3C
consortium
(see
www.cineca.it/B3C/MAF/).
Results and discussion
The Data Manager allows importation of motion data.
Registration of motion data to 3D skeleton is also possible (Van Sint Jan, 2005). Then, motion curves can be obtained using either the marker trajectories available in the imported motion file, or from virtual ALs palpated on the 3D bone models (using a so-called virtual palpation). The user can then select the ALs to build the anatomical frames that will be used for motion representation. The latter can be obtained following several protocols included in the interface: global, local,
Euler, OVP, and G&S (ISB recommendation)(Fig 1).

Fig. 1. Registration of motion data to 3D bone models with knee motion representation using ISB standards
(graphs generated on-the-flight).

Conclusion
The integration of: 1- the ISB standards; 2- strict AL definitions; and 3- the presented IMR tools within the same interface (i.e., the Data Manager) should facilitate comparison of results obtained at various locations. This statement is presented to the biomechanical community for discussion.
References
Wu G. (1995). ISB recommendations for standardization in the reporting of kinematic data. J. Biomech 28: 1257-1261.
Wu G (2002): ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion - Part I: ankle, hip, spine. J. Biomech
35: 543-548.
Wu G (2004): ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion - Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand. J. Biomech 38: 981-992.
Van Sint Jan S (In Press): Identifying the location of human skeletal landmarks: why standardized definitions are necessary – A proposal. Clin. Biomech.
Van Sint Jan S (2005): A development architecture for data and algorithm exchange: MAF and Data Manager. 10th Int
Symp on Comp Simul in Biomech.
Viceconti (2004). The Multimod Application Framework. In
Information visualisation, IEEE Computer Society Press,
Los Alamitos, 20-24.

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