...our body has to be able to control certain things such as body temperature and the water level so that they don’t change, therefore it is when it keeps things the same. It is how the body keeps the conditions inside, and some scientists refer to it as a constant internal environment; two examples of this is: • Keeping the body temperature at 37 degrees, • The amount of water in our body. Our bodies are always making adjustments to be able to carry out normal bodily functions, but fortunately for us the adjustments are done automatically, if this wasn’t the case then we would all be very busy and would regulate our internal environment very frequently. Homeostasis is controlled by the Automatic nervous system and the Endocrine system (hormones). Negative feedback system Homeostasis is quite often referred to as the negative feedback, which means that the system is able to take suitable action to maintain the constant environment. The main responsibility of homeostasis is that it has to maintain constant levels of many body functions e.g. body temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, and also blood sugar levels. Body temperature The term used for monitoring the body temperature is called thermoregulation. An adult’s body temperature is usually close to 37 degrees. There are temperature detectors in the skin and the internal organs monitor it and feedback to the hypothalamus in the brain to take the correct action when the temperature rises or falls. Monitoring of body temperature:...
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...Introduction: In its most basic sense, exercise and sport physiology is the study of how the body responds, adjusts, and adapts to physical activity or exercise. Whether you've exercised on your own or played on a sports team, you have probably recognized some of these changes without realizing you were thinking about physiology. Instructions: You will perform an exercise bout that will include a warm-up, short workout, and cool-down period. Pay close attention to any physiological adjustments made by your body systems (specifically those listed below). Although some of the adjustments cannot be observed visually, hypothesize about what might be occurring throughout the activity. After you have completed the course, we will come back to this activity to see what you have learned. Write your observations of what you think the following systems/organs did while you performed the activity. How did the system/organ adapt to the warm-up, more intense exercise, and cool-down: a. Muscles * Warm – up- I take a preworkout supplement before my warm-up and my veins dilate for increased blood flow throughout my muscles. My muscles start out tight and sore from the workout before, but get warm and loose as the warm-up continues. The back of my head begins to itch due to the beta aline. * Work-out- The muscles that I am working out are filling with blood causing my skin to feel tight. My muscles feel like they are on fire during my sets. My veins continue to dilate and...
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...maintain homeostatic control in the body and communicate to regulate the body’s functions. They rely on chemical messages in order to function – the nervous system uses electrical impulses and the endocrine system uses hormones. They rely on the hypothalamus to coordinate these bodily functions. The endocrine system - Regulates any fluctuations in the body such as temperature levels, blood glucose levels and ADH levels. It uses glands and hormones to send chemical messages (containing information or instructions) to other parts of the body via the blood stream. The nervous system – Sends messages throughout the body that help to ensure that the bodily functions occur at an optimum level. Neurons are a part of the nervous system and these are located in the brain; with the function of sending electrical messages to other parts of the body through the spinal cord. The controlling of the body’s temperature is the most important homeostatic function. Organisms that are able to control their body temperature are called endotherms; whilst those that cannot are called ectotherms. Organisms that have no control over their body temperature and are the same temperature as their environment are called polkiotherms e.g jellyfish. Endotherms maintain a body temperature of 37 degrees and are known as warm-blooded animals. The main difference between ectotherms and endotherms is that endotherms use internal mechanisms to control body temperature whereas ectotherms use behaviour mechanisms...
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...done by maintaining a body temperature within a certain field. An internal environment means the environment inside an organism. Negative feedback ensures that, in any control system, changes are reversed and returned back to the set level. The negative feedback keeps our body temperature at a constant 37°C. If we get too hot, blood vessels in our skin vasodilate (become larger) and we lose heat and cool down. If we get too cold blood vessels in our skin vasoconstrict (become smaller), we lose less heat and our body warms up. Negative feedback makes sure this happens. The other factors also controlled in the body by negative feedback are: blood oxygen levels and salt levels. The body loses heat through: * Evaporation of water from your skin if it is wet (sweating). If your clothing is wet, you will also lose some body heat through evaporation and through respiration (breathing) when the body temperature is higher than 99°F (37°C). During intense exercise, the body loses 85% of its heat through sweating. * Radiation (similar to heat leaving a woodstove). This normal process of heat moving away from the body usually occurs in air temperatures lower than 68°F (20°C). The body loses 65% of its heat through radiation. * Conduction (such as heat loss from sleeping on the cold ground). Heat is lost in air temperatures lower than 68°F (20°C). The body loses about 2% of its heat through air conduction. However, water causes more heat loss from the body than air does, so heat...
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...done by maintaining a body temperature within a certain field. An internal environment means the environment inside an organism. Negative feedback ensures that, in any control system, changes are reversed and returned back to the set level. The negative feedback keeps our body temperature at a constant 37°C. If we get too hot, blood vessels in our skin vasodilate (become larger) and we lose heat and cool down. If we get too cold blood vessels in our skin vasoconstrict (become smaller), we lose less heat and our body warms up. Negative feedback makes sure this happens. The other factors also controlled in the body by negative feedback are: blood oxygen levels and salt levels. The body loses heat through: * Evaporation of water from your skin if it is wet (sweating). If your clothing is wet, you will also lose some body heat through evaporation and through respiration (breathing) when the body temperature is higher than 99°F (37°C). During intense exercise, the body loses 85% of its heat through sweating. * Radiation (similar to heat leaving a woodstove). This normal process of heat moving away from the body usually occurs in air temperatures lower than 68°F (20°C). The body loses 65% of its heat through radiation. * Conduction (such as heat loss from sleeping on the cold ground). Heat is lost in air temperatures lower than 68°F (20°C). The body loses about 2% of its heat through air conduction. However, water causes more heat loss from the body than air does, so heat...
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...Temperature Why was the hot tub set to such a dangerously high temperature? First, Roma and Clint had a very high BAL of 0.20. At that point their decision making would get very weak and they cannot stand up. So with the poor their poor decision, they could have set the temperature of the hot tub higher. Also, since the weather was colder than usual at 15 degrees Celsius, the water temperature could have been lower due to the cold air. How does water temperature affect core body temperature? If the water is cold the body will try to conserve heat and keep its homeostasis. If the water is hot the body will try to get rid of heat to keep its homeostasis. Hot tub water was hot at 45 degrees Celsius. Blood vessels will dilate near the surface of the skin. Sweat to cool down the body temperature Did the air temperature have an effect on water temperature? The air was about 15 degrees Celsius which is much colder than the hot tub temperature. So the air temperature would cool the water down. How does the body respond to 45 degrees Celsius? The body sweats to cool down and blood vessels dilate. Therefore lose water How does the body respond to 15 degrees Celsius? Blood vessels contract near surface. Muscles contract (shiver) When would heat stroke occur? Heat stroke occurs when the body over heats. Heat stroke occurs when the core body temperature is greater than 105 degrees Fahrenheit (40.5 degrees Celsius), with complications involving the central nervous system...
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...Assignment 1 Project Analysis EDU 533 IDENTIFIED NEED Many schools cut physical education and physical education funding with the trust that more rigid classroom time would somehow encourage students to learn more. Students need sufficient amounts of physical exercise throughout the school day, not only does physical fitness prevent obesity and obesity-related issues, but it also improves students overall personal health. Physical education is critical to educating all students in grades K-12 and students should receive physical education on a daily basis. K-12 students should take all required physical education courses and have no substitutions, waivers, or exemptions should be permitted except for medical reasons. Physical fitness education should be recognized as part of the total education curriculum. Exercise directly impacts the behavior and development of the brain and physical activity has benefits beyond improved students grades, physical activity improves absenteeism, student’s dropout rates, and social connectedness (Graham, 2008). LEANER CHARACTERISTICS Gender * Boys and Girls Age * 4 to 18 years old Work experience * None from ages 4 to 15 and limited work experience 15 to 18 Education * Levels K-12 Ethnicity * All GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Goal Provides an overview of health and skill related physical fitness, explains the purpose of physical education, provides guidelines for...
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...-Homeostatic regulator is one in which it uses internal mechanisms to control internal change in the face external fluctuation. (an otter regulates body temp independently of exterior cold water). -Homeostatic conformer is one in which the organism if it allows an external influence the internal conditions of the organism. (Bass fish conforms to the temp of the lake that it inhibits) 2. In your own words, provide a definition for poikioltherm, homeotherm, ectotherm and endotherm. Provide an example of an animal for each of the following combinations and explain why it fits these terms: - Poikioltherm: An animals whose body temp varies with the surrounding temperature -Homeotherm: An organism such as a bird or mammal, having a body temp that is constant and largely independent of the temperature surrounding. -Ectotherm- heat acquired from external environment -Endotherm- heat generated by metabolism Poikilotherm & ectotherm: Fish, amphibians, reptiles. Poikilotherm & endotherm: Mammals and birds, insects Homeotherm & ectotherm: tropical reptiles Homeotherm & endotherm: Mostly birds and mammals 3. Describe the 4 mechanisms through which animals exchange heat with their environments. -Radiation: Release of electromagnetic waves by all objects warmer than absolute zero. -Convection: Transfer of heat by movement. Warm blood from core moves to extremities. -Conduction: Direct transfer to thermal motion between molecules of objects in contact with each other...
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...FOCUS QUESTION 1- HOW DOES TRAINING AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Energy systems • Types of training and training methods • Principles of training • Physiological adaptations in response to training FOCUS QUESTION 2- HOW CAN PSYCHOLOGY AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Motivation • Anxiety and Arousal • Psychological strategies to enhance motivation and manage anxiety FOCUS QUESTION 3- HOW CAN NUTRITION AND RECOVERY STRATEGIES AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Nutritional considerations • Supplementation • Recovery strategies FOCUS QUESTION 4- HOW DOES THE ACQUISITION OF SKILL AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Stages of skill acquisition • Characteristics of a learner • The learning environment • Assessment of skill and performance FOCUS QUESTION 1- HOW DOES TRAINING AFFECT PERFORMANCE • Energy systems: All energy is provided in the muscles in the form of the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Chemical reactions in the body cause ATP to break down and release energy to the muscles for work. The chemical reactions are a result of a combination of oxygen we breathe and the breakdown of food, mainly carbohydrates and fats. The structure and breakdown of ATP: The ATP molecule has three phosphate molecules attached to it by high energy chemical bonds. One phosphate splits from the molecule and energy is released. The remaining compound is adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The ATP stored in the muscles in small amounts...
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...Water makes up more than half of the human body and is required for our cell systems to properly perform their necessary functions. Dehydration occurs when more water is lost than what is being taken in. Making sure we have the proper amount of fluids in our cells is vital to ensuring our bodies are able to properly perform their essentially necessary functions. Water acts like a cleanser, helping with the removal of harmful waste and possible deadly toxins. Our blood, which is made primarily of water, is responsible for carrying many nutrients to nearby waiting cells. Our immune system, which contains a fluid called lymph, is also made of water. If our immune system is affected by dehydration, it stops working properly and our body will not be fully capable of fighting off the harmful effects of illness and disease. Water also plays a vital role in the digestive process, by aiding in the break down of foods and liquids and the transportation of those food particles through the entire digestive system. Water is an important component concerning the process of producing and passing excess body waste. Another important role water plays is in regulating normal body temperature. When our internal organs get too warm, we begin the process of perspiration; pushing water out through pores in the skin, in an attempt to remove excess heat and regulate a normal body temperature. If our cell system is not properly, and continually hydrated we may begin feeling the minor symptoms...
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...No Hands Massage How can No Hands Massage and Alternative techniques (or working methods?) prevent Repetitive Strain Injury for Therapists? Massage techniques for therapists for prevent Repetitive Strain Injury. By Georgia Green Introduction Taking care of your body whilst carrying out a physical job can be hard, especially when trying to maintain good posture when feeling tired. Slacking on posture can lead to many problems including Repetitive Strain Injury, back injuries, sprains and more. Many therapists are experiencing or have experienced some type of strain or injury through doing their physical job of being a beauty therapist (1) Repetitive strain injuries (RSI) involving the arm, shoulder and neck affect approximately 30% of workers...
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...that disprove this idea. My project shows the old ways of stretching and the potential dangers found through research, while also demonstrating the more effective and safer ways to stretching. This is an important topic that affects everyone, but specifically athletes. My project features testimonies and experiments composed by experienced sports doctors and trainers. II. Thesis Statement: Static stretching is not beneficial and is potentially dangerous. Active stretching is more effective and safer. III. Key Findings: A. Static Stretching: Considered the most common form of stretching. The process of stretching muscles while the body is at rest. It consists of various techniques in which the muscle is lengthened and held for 30 seconds to 2 minutes. Recent studies have shown that static stretching actually weakens the muscles, and decreases muscle strength. It can also decrease the muscle strength in the other leg. The “stretched” muscle becomes less responsive after stretching (Cheng). Studies have shown that there are no benefits of static stretching. ...
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...there are many factors that could affect a team. New coaches get hired and existing ones get fired. With each coaching change, there is a chance for change in leadership, which in return could make a program worse or in some cases better. Also, college kids have to deal with their classes and have other off-field distractions to handle. This goes along with the demands that football puts on them. This makes one think whether it is even possible to have sustained success, and if so, such then leads to the question of what is needed to have continued success in college football? To start, one can look at successful programs that have had the most wins. When discussing wins and losses in recent years, what comes to mind is the Southeastern Conference and Alabama Crimson Tide in particular. The SEC has won the last seven national championships, and Alabama has won three of the last four. But, one asks “Is winning football games the only thing that should determine success?” What about the academics and the team’s graduation rate? Those should both be vital parts of “success.” Sadly, coaches are judged and evaluated mostly by their win-loss record. So, what are the main areas that would contribute to having a better win-loss ratio? First, strength and conditioning, is the obvious one, and second, leadership skills is important too. A successful coach should being able to develop leadership in the players in the program as that will help set them up for success in their future. As well...
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...Water Temperature. This characteristic has as much to do with personal preference, and event(s) being swum as with actual science. Extremely warm or cold temps are bad for obvious reasons. Some swimmers like the jolt colder water gives while others feel like it tightens their muscles. Some swimmers like the warm water because there is no jolt and their muscled stay loose. Others overheat. As a result, your preference and experience coupled with the kind of event you are swimming will have a large impact. Generally, upper 70's (Fahrenheit) is considered a good temperature, but this is highly debatable. There is little debate over the theory that temperature plays a part in a pool's speed. There is, however, a lot of debate over what is the ideal temperature. We believe, no one right answer will ever surface, but a range of temps for particular body weights and fat percentages and events may eventually surface. For now, just use your experiences as a guide.Air Quality. This characteristic plays a large role in how the swimmers perform. Low humidity, relatively cool temperatures, low elevation, and clean air make for ideal swimming. Since the air a swimmer breathes provides the body's muscles with the oxygen to help it to perform, it only makes sense that better air equates to better swims. As most parents of swimmers know, good air quality is rare in most pools. But as anyone who has ever swam at some of the best pools in the world will tell you, most of the fastest...
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...the anatomy and physiology of human body systems. Learners will be able to gain an overview of the organisation of the human body before looking at how body systems work together to provide energy for the body. Learners will have the opportunity to investigate how homeostatic mechanisms operate in the body. Unit introduction This unit introduces core knowledge of cellular structure and function, and the organisation of the body as a whole, and then builds on this to develop a more detailed knowledge of the fine anatomy and physiology of the systems involved in energy metabolism. Learners will examine the homeostatic mechanisms involved in regulating these systems to maintain health. Learners will be given the opportunity to undertake practical activities which will require them to take measurements of the cardio-vascular system, the respiratory system and of body temperature, using noninvasive techniques to investigate normal responses to routine variations in body functioning. This unit provides the core understanding of human physiology that underpins the study of the specialist physiology units within this programme. The unit also provides an overview of body functioning that is valuable for anyone working or intending to work in a field relating to health and social care. Learning outcomes On completion of this unit a learner should: 1. Know the organisation of the human body 2. Understand the functioning of the body systems associated with energy metabolism ...
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